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Nicaragua: Río San Juan: Refugio Bartola, Lat. 10.972221, Long. 84.33889, 10 Nov99, col. JeanMichel Maes (MEL 446069, Macho). in Cicadidae (Homoptera) de Nicaragua: Catalogo ilustrado, incluyendo especies exóticas del Museo Entomológico de Leon

Nicaragua: Río San Juan: Refugio Bartola, Lat. 10.972221, Long. 84.33889, 10 Nov99, col. JeanMichel Maes (MEL 446069, Macho).

Nicaragua: Masaya: Las Flores, Lat. 12.004444, Long. 86.01972, 1Apr93, col. C. Lecoq (MEL 446020 / 446030, 10 Hembras, exuvia). in Cicadidae (Homoptera) de Nicaragua: Catalogo ilustrado, incluyendo especies exóticas del Museo Entomológico de Leon

Nicaragua: Masaya: Las Flores, Lat. 12.004444, Long. 86.01972, 1Apr93, col. C. Lecoq (MEL 446020 / 446030, 10 Hembras, exuvia).

Nicaragua: Leon: Leon, Lat. 12.431389, Long. 86.880554, 15Sep86, col. JeanMichel Maes (MEL 445898, Hembra). in Cicadidae (Homoptera) de Nicaragua: Catalogo ilustrado, incluyendo especies exóticas del Museo Entomológico de Leon

Nicaragua: Leon: Leon, Lat. 12.431389, Long. 86.880554, 15Sep86, col. JeanMichel Maes (MEL 445898, Hembra).

Nicaragua: Región Autónoma Atlántico Norte: Reserva de Biosfera de BOSAWAS: Cerro Saslaya, Lat. 13.733055, Long. 85.01417, 7Jul99, col. Blas Hernandez (MEL 445948, Hembra). in Cicadidae (Homoptera) de Nicaragua: Catalogo ilustrado, incluyendo especies exóticas del Museo Entomológico de Leon

Nicaragua: Región Autónoma Atlántico Norte: Reserva de Biosfera de BOSAWAS: Cerro Saslaya, Lat. 13.733055, Long. 85.01417, 7Jul99, col. Blas Hernandez (MEL 445948, Hembra).

Nicaragua: Región Autónoma Atlántico Norte: Cerro Cola Blanca: Rio Las Latas, Lat. 14.07, Long. 84.545555, 2Jun97, col. JeanMichel Maes (MEL446274/446291, 9 Machos, 9 Hembras). in Cicadidae (Homoptera) de Nicaragua: Catalogo ilustrado, incluyendo especies exóticas del Museo Entomológico de Leon

Nicaragua: Región Autónoma Atlántico Norte: Cerro Cola Blanca: Rio Las Latas, Lat. 14.07, Long. 84.545555, 2Jun97, col. JeanMichel Maes (MEL446274/446291, 9 Machos, 9 Hembras).

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2023View details →

Data and model from "An upper-crust lid over the Long Valley magma chamber" by Biondi et al., 2023

Dataset and velocity model from the fiber-tomography study entitled "An upper-crust lid over the Long Valley magma chamber". The npz files within the PickedRepo.zip contain the following keys: <ul> <li>ChannelID: ID of the channel (similar to station ID)</li> <li>ChannelPos: Lat/Lon/Elevation of each channel</li> <li>P_TT: Pick P-wave traveltime for each channel</li> <li>P_W: P-wave traveltime probability/confidence for each channel</li> <li>S_TT: Pick S-wave traveltime for each channel</li> <li>S_W: S-wave traveltime probability/confidence for each channel</li> </ul> To read and plot the velocity models in the file <a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/9a704e85-28de-495e-b09f-2578440aa304/FinalVpVsLongValleyDAS2023.npz">FinalVpVsLongValleyDAS2023.npz</a>, one can modify the basic script named ReadPlotVel.py

opencc-zeroAug 2023View details →

Data from: Long-term changes in soil carbon and nitrogen fractions in switchgrass, native grasses, and no-till corn bioenergy production systems

Cellulosic bioenergy is a primary land-based climate mitigation strategy, with soil carbon (C) storage and nitrogen (N) conservation as important mitigation elements. Here, we present 13 years of soil C and N change under three cellulosic cropping systems: monoculture switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), a five native grasses polyculture, and no-till corn (Zea mays L.). Soil C and N fractions were measured four times over 12 years. Bulk soil C in the 0–25 cm depth at the end of the study period ranged from 28.4 (± 1.4 se) Mg C ha−1 in no-till corn, to 30.8 (± 1.4) Mg C ha−1 in switchgrass, and to 34.8 (± 1.4) Mg C ha−1 in native grasses. Mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM) ranged from 60% to 90% and particulate organic matter (POM) from 10% to 40% of total soil C. Over 12 years, total C as well as both C fractions persisted under no-till corn and switchgrass and increased under native grasses. In contrast, POM N stocks decreased 33% to 45% across systems, whereas MAOM N decreased by less than 13% and only in no-till corn. Declining POM N stocks likely reflect pre-establishment land use, which included alfalfa and manure in earlier rotations. Root production and large soil aggregate formation explained 69% (p < 0.001) and 36% (p = 0.024) of total soil C change, respectively, and 60% (p = 0.020) and 41% (p = 0.023) of soil N change, demonstrating the importance of belowground productivity and soil aggregates for producing and protecting soil C and conserving soil N. Differences between switchgrass and native grasses also indicate a dependence on plant diversity. Soil C and N benefits of bioenergy crops depend strongly on root productivity and pre-establishment land use.

Alien plant fitness is limited by functional trade-offs rather than a long-term increase in competitive effects of native communities

Alien plants experience novel abiotic conditions and interactions with native communities in the introduced area. Intra- and interspecific selection on functional traits in the new environment may lead to increased population growth with time since introduction (residence time). However, selection regimes might differ depending on the invaded habitat. Additionally, in high-competition habitats, a build-up of biotic resistance of native species due to accumulation of eco-evolutionary experience to aliens over time may limit invasion success. We tested if the effect of functional traits and the population dynamics of aliens depends on interspecific competition with native plant communities. We conducted a multi-species experiment with 40 annual Asteraceae that differ in residence time in Germany. We followed their population growth in monocultures and in interspecific competition with an experienced native community (varying co-existence times between focals and community). To more robustly test our findings, we used a naïve community that never co-existed with the focals. We found that high seed mass decreased population growth in monocultures but tended to increase population growth under high interspecific competition. We found no evidence for a build-up of competition-mediated biotic resistance by the experienced community over time. Instead, population growth of the focal species was similarly inhibited by the experienced and naïve community. By comparing the effect of experienced and naïve communities on population dynamics over two years across a large set of species with a high variation in functional traits and residence time, this study advances the understanding of the long-term dynamics of plant invasions. In our study system, population growth of alien species was not limited by an increase of competitive effects by native communities (one aspect of biotic resistance) over time. Instead, invasion success of alien plants may be limited because initial spread in low-competition habitats requires different traits than establishment in high-competition habitats.

Stage-mediated priority effects and season lengths shape long-term competition dynamics

The relative arrival time of species can affect their interactions and thus determine which species persist in a community. Although this phenomenon, called priority effect, is widespread in natural communities, it is unclear how it depends on the length of growing season. Using a seasonal stage-structured model, we show that differences in stages of interacting species could generate priority effects by altering the strength of stabilizing and equalizing coexistence mechanisms, changing outcomes between exclusion, coexistence, and positive frequency dependence. However, these priority effects are strongest in systems with just one or a few generations per season and diminish in systems where many overlapping generations per season dilute the importance of stage-specific interactions. Our model reveals a novel link between the number of generations in a season and the consequences of priority effects, suggesting that consequences of phenological shifts driven by climate change should depend on specific life histories of organisms.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2023View details →

WiFi CSI-Based Long-Range Through-Wall Human Activity Recognition with the ESP32

WiFi CSI-Based Long-Range Through-Wall Human Activity Recognition with the ESP32 This repository contains the WiFi CSI human presence detection and activity recognition datasets proposed in [1]. Datasets <ul> <li>DP_LOS - Line-of-sight (LOS) presence detection dataset, comprised of 392 CSI amplitude spectrograms.</li> <li>DP_NLOS - Non-line-of-sight (NLOS) presence detection dataset, comprised of 384 CSI amplitude spectrograms.</li> <li>DA_LOS - LOS activity recognition dataset, comprised of 392 CSI amplitude spectrograms.</li> <li>DA_NLOS - NLOS activity recognition dataset, comprised of 384 CSI amplitude spectrograms.</li> </ul> Table 1: Characteristics of presence detection and activity recognition datasets.  <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>Dataset</td> <td>Scenario</td> <td>#Rooms</td> <td>#Persons</td> <td>#Classes</td> <td>Packet Sending Rate</td> <td>Interval </td> <td>#Spectrograms</td> </tr> <tr> <td>DP_LOS</td> <td>LOS</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>6</td> <td>100Hz</td> <td>4s (400 packets)</td> <td>392</td> </tr> <tr> <td>DP_NLOS</td> <td>NLOS</td> <td>5</td> <td>1</td> <td>6</td> <td>100Hz</td> <td>4s (400 packets)</td> <td>384</td> </tr> <tr> <td>DA_LOS</td> <td>LOS</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>3</td> <td>100Hz</td> <td>4s (400 packets)</td> <td>392</td> </tr> <tr> <td>DA_NLOS</td> <td>NLOS</td> <td>5</td> <td>1</td> <td>3</td> <td>100Hz</td> <td>4s (400 packets)</td> <td>384</td> </tr> </tbody> </table>   Data Format Each dataset employs an 8:1:1 training-validation-test split, defined in the provided label files trainLabels.csv, validationLabels.csv, and testLabels.csv. Label files use the sample format [i c], with i corresponding to the spectrogram index (i.png) and c corresponding to the class. For presence detection datasets (DP_LOS , DP_NLOS), c in {0 = "no presence", 1 = "presence in room 1", ..., 5 = "presence in room 5"}. For activity recognition datasets (DA_LOS , DA_NLOS), c in {0="no activity", 1="walking", and 2="walking + arm-waving"}. Furthermore, the mean and standard deviation of a given dataset are provided in meanStd.csv. Download and Use This data may be used for non-commercial research purposes only. If you publish material based on this data, we request that you include a reference to our paper [1]. [1] Strohmayer, Julian, and Martin Kampel. "WiFi CSI-Based Long-Range Through-Wall Human Activity Recognition with the ESP32" International Conference on Computer Vision Systems. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023.  BibTeX citation: <pre>@inproceedings{strohmayer2023wifi, title={WiFi CSI-Based Long-Range Through-Wall Human Activity Recognition with the ESP32}, author={Strohmayer, Julian and Kampel, Martin}, booktitle={International Conference on Computer Vision Systems}, pages={41--50}, year={2023}, organization={Springer} }</pre>

Data from: A range-expanding butterfly is susceptible to cold and long winters but shows no signs of local adaptation to winter conditions

Numerous species shift or expand their ranges polewards in response to climate change. Even when expanding species follow their climatic niches, expanding range margin populations are likely to face unfamiliar environmental conditions and thus natural selection for local adaptation. The wall brown butterfly (Lasiommata megera) has expanded northwards in Sweden in the years 2000–2020, most likely as a result of climate change, and has previously been shown to have evolved local adaptations to northern daylength conditions. This evolution has occurred despite hypothesised genetic constraints to adaptation at range margins. We studied local adaptation to winter conditions in four of the previously-studied L. megera populations, using a common garden laboratory experiment with a warm and short, an intermediate, and a cold and long winter treatment. We compared the winter and post-winter survival of caterpillars from two southern core range and two northern range margin populations in Sweden. During the experiment, we measured metabolic rates of a subset of diapausing caterpillars to test whether populations differ in metabolic suppression during diapause. Further, we measured supercooling points, which reflect lower lethal temperature in L. megera, of the same subset of caterpillars. We also compared supercooling points between L. megera and three closely related species with more northern distributions. Few individuals survived the coldest treatment all the way to successful adult emergence, so L. megera seems susceptible to cold winters. Individuals of northern descent did not survive cold winters any better than individuals from southern populations. Similarly, there were no signs of local adaptation in metabolic rates or supercooling points. The comparison among species did not reveal any clear relationship between geographical distribution and supercooling point. Although northern winters probably exert strong selection on L. megera, we provide comprehensive evidence for the lack of local adaptation to winter conditions. This contrasts with the previous finding of quickly-evolved local adaptation in diapause timing, highlighting the need to consider how traits associated with different seasons differ in how they may evolve and facilitate climate change-induced range expansions.

Data from: evaluating the use of lake sedimentary DNA in palaeolimnology: a comparison with long-term microscopy-based monitoring of the phytoplankton community

Palaeolimnological records provide valuable information about how phytoplankton respond to long-term drivers of environmental change. Traditional palaeolimnological tools such as microfossils and pigments are restricted to taxa that leave sub-fossil remains, and a method that can be applied to the wider community is required. Sedimentary DNA (sedDNA), extracted from lake sediment cores, shows promise in palaeolimnology, but validation against data from long-term monitoring of lake water is necessary to enable its development as a reliable record of past phytoplankton communities. To address this need, 18S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing was carried out on lake sediments from a core collected from Esthwaite Water (English Lake District) spanning ~105 years. This sedDNA record was compared with concurrent long-term microscopy-based monitoring of phytoplankton in the surface water. Broadly comparable trends were observed between the datasets, with respect to the diversity and relative abundance and occurrence of chlorophytes, dinoflagellates, ochrophytes and bacillariophytes. Up to 20% of genera were successfully captured using both methods, and sedDNA revealed a previously undetected community of phytoplankton. These results suggest that sedDNA can be used as an effective record of past phytoplankton communities, at least over timescales of less than 100 years. However, a substantial proportion of genera identified by microscopy were not detected using sedDNA, highlighting the current limitations of the technique that require further development such as reference database coverage. The taphonomic processes which may affect its reliability, such as the extent and rate of deposition and DNA degradation, also require further research.

Urbanization impacts short- but not long-distance natal dispersal in a common orb web spider

Urban environments represent a theatre for life history evolution. Species able to survive in cities can adapt to the local and often divergent environmental conditions compared to rural or (semi-)natural environments. Dispersal determines establishment, gene flow, and thus the potential for local adaptation. Since habitats in urban environments are highly fragmented, and show substantial turnover, contrasting adaptive effects on dispersal are expected. Fragmentation selects against dispersal while patch turn-over is expected to promote the evolution of dispersal. We here show both processes to act in concert when different scales are considered. Dispersal behavior of juvenile, lab-reared garden spiders from three mid-sized European cities were tested under standardized conditions. While long-distance dispersal showed to be overall rare, short-distance dispersal strategies increased with urbanization at small scales, but declined when urbanization was quantified at large scales. We discuss the putative drivers behind these differences in natal dispersal and highlight its importance for urban evolution and ecology.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2019View details →

"I'm something of an untrained, unofficial cultural anthropologist myself. Ihave a business interviewing people to capture their personal histories. I'm always interested how people fit into their world and how they affect their world. I'm a graphic designer who works in the same building as the printing presses that I recorded. Iwalk past the presses every day on my way to talk to the folks in the prepress department. I'm on friendly but not drinking terms with the pressmen. I'm a friend with the prepress manager. Three Heidelberg presses are installed side by side in an open warehouse-like room. The presses are about twenty feet long and about five feet high. With their series of four humps or mounds where each printing cylinder is located, the presses remind one of giant, gray, mechanical caterpillars. Each press has a cyan cylinder, a magenta cylinder, a yellow cylinder and a black cylinder – so the humps are brightly colored. The presses are well lit by banks of fluorescent lights hanging from the ceiling over each press. When you walk into the press room you hear the sound of rock music blaring from a boom box radio mixed with the general din of the presses. It is only when you walk up to a press like Idid for the recordings that you really start to hear the individual strains of clicking, clacking and mechanical, syncopated chattering. When I made my recordings I was intrigued by the subtle variations in the sounds produced by these machines that aren't apparent when you first walk through the door. The pressmen were kind enough to allow me to walk right up to the presses and poke my microphone quite close to the rotating press cylinders. Iuse a Danish Pro Audio microphone about the size of a pencil eraser. An extremely sensitive mic with the capacity for capturing loud sounds such as the presses up close. Rotating the mic to one side or the other focused on the unique sounds coming from one cylinder or the other." [Kevin/KMerrell]18 in Collecting Sounds. Online Sharing of Field Recordings as Cultural Practice

"I'm something of an untrained, unofficial cultural anthropologist myself. Ihave a business interviewing people to capture their personal histories. I'm always interested how people fit into their world and how they affect their world. I'm a graphic designer who works in the same building as the printing presses that I recorded. Iwalk past the presses every day on my way to talk to the folks in the prepress department. I'm on friendly but not drinking terms with the pressmen. I'm a friend with the prepress manager. Three Heidelberg presses are installed side by side in an open warehouse-like room. The presses are about twenty feet long and about five feet high. With their series of four humps or mounds where each printing cylinder is located, the presses remind one of giant, gray, mechanical caterpillars. Each press has a cyan cylinder, a magenta cylinder, a yellow cylinder and a black cylinder – so the humps are brightly colored. The presses are well lit by banks of fluorescent lights hanging from the ceiling over each press. When you walk into the press room you hear the sound of rock music blaring from a boom box radio mixed with the general din of the presses. It is only when you walk up to a press like Idid for the recordings that you really start to hear the individual strains of clicking, clacking and mechanical, syncopated chattering. When I made my recordings I was intrigued by the subtle variations in the sounds produced by these machines that aren't apparent when you first walk through the door. The pressmen were kind enough to allow me to walk right up to the presses and poke my microphone quite close to the rotating press cylinders. Iuse a Danish Pro Audio microphone about the size of a pencil eraser. An extremely sensitive mic with the capacity for capturing loud sounds such as the presses up close. Rotating the mic to one side or the other focused on the unique sounds coming from one cylinder or the other." [Kevin/KMerrell]18

opencc-zeroOct 2023View details →

Predation risk drives long-term shifts in migratory behavior and demography in a large herbivore population

Migration is an adaptive life-history strategy that helps individuals across taxa maximize fitness by obtaining forage and avoiding predation risk. The mechanisms driving migratory changes are poorly understood, and links between migratory behavior, space use, and demographic consequences are rare. Here, we use a nearly 20-year record of individual-based monitoring of elk (Cervus canadensis) to test hypotheses for changing patterns of migration in a large herbivore, elk (Cervus canadensis), in and adjacent to a large protected area in Banff National Park (BNP), Canada. We test whether bottom-up (forage quality) or top-down (predation risk) factors explained trends in i) the proportion of individuals using 5 different migratory tactics, ii) differences in survival rates of migratory tactics during migration and whilst on summer ranges, iii) cause-specific mortality by wolves and grizzly bears, and iv) population abundance. We found dramatic shifts in migration consistent with behavioral plasticity in individual choice of annual migratory routes. Shifts were inconsistent with exposure to the bottom-up benefits of migration. Instead, exposure to landscape gradients in predation risk caused by exploitation outside the protected area drove migratory shifts. Carnivore exploitation outside the protected area led to higher survival rates for female elk remaining resident or migrating outside the protected area. Cause-specific mortality aligned with exposure to predation risk along migratory routes and summer ranges. Wolf predation risk was higher on migratory routes than summer ranges of montane-migrant tactics, but wolf predation risk traded-off with heightened risk from grizzly bears on summer ranges. A novel eastern migrant tactic emerged following a large forest fire that enhanced forage in an area with lower predation risk outside of the protected area. The changes in migratory behavior translated to population abundance, where abundance of the montane-migratory tactics declined over time. The presence of diverse migratory life histories maintained a higher total population abundance than would have been the case with one migratory tactic in the population. Our study demonstrates the complex ways in which migratory populations change over time through behavioral plasticity and associated demographic consequences because of individuals balancing predation risk and forage trade-offs.

opencc-zeroMay 2024View details →

The irreplaceable role of surviving megafauna in long-distance seed dispersal: Evidence from an experiment with Neotropical mammals

The downsizing of disperser assemblages by selective defaunation is a worldwide phenomenon thought to have important consequences in animal-dispersed plants. Numerous large-seeded Neotropical plants currently depend on the last megafaunal survivors, the large tapirs Tapirus spp., and medium-sized frugivores. The extent to which medium frugivores are functionally equivalent to tapirs remains unresolved. We combined feeding trials, seed dispersal kernel modeling based on seed retention times and animal movement simulation (Levy walks), and germination experiments in a large-seeded palm to assess the dispersal quality provided by the largest (tapirs) and two medium (foxes and howler monkeys) frugivore species in terms of dispersal distances and gut passage effects on germination. Tapirs retained the seeds in the gut for much longer (mean=221 hours) than howlers (43 h) and foxes (22 h). Median dispersal distance by tapirs (1252 m) was 14 and 40 times larger than that by foxes (88 m) and howlers (31 m), respectively. The seed dispersal kernel of tapirs showed a 5th percentile value (291 m) larger than the 95th percentiles of foxes (285 m) and howlers (108 m). Manually depulped and gut-passed seeds germinated in similar proportions, showing, respectively, 3.5 and 2.5―2.9 times higher values than intact fruits. Germination probability and seed viability decreased with retention time in howlers' and tapirs' gut, with howlers showing a steeper negative relationship. Such detrimental effect implies a trade-off between germination success and dispersal distance. We conclude that tapirs may not play a unique role in germination enhancement but move seeds much further than medium frugivores, thus playing a critical role as long-distance dispersers of many plants. This study provides important insights on palm–frugivore interactions and the potential consequences for large-seeded plants of losing the last megafaunal representatives in the Neotropics.

Figure 10. - Different fish abundance dynamic profiles between 1983 and 2014 in Long term monitoring of coral and fish assemblages (1983-2014) in Tiahura reefs, Moorea, French Polynesia

Figure 10. - Different fish abundance dynamic profiles between 1983 and 2014 on the outer slope at Tiahura sector in Moorea.

Figure 6 in Long term monitoring of coral and fish assemblages (1983-2014) in Tiahura reefs, Moorea, French Polynesia

Figure 6. - Commercial fish abundance at Tiahura sector in Moorea for the barrier reef and outer slope. Second-degree polynomial models were fitted to data (*: 0.01 <p ≤ 0.05, **: 0.001 <p≤ 0.01).

Figure 4 in Long term monitoring of coral and fish assemblages (1983-2014) in Tiahura reefs, Moorea, French Polynesia

Figure 4. - Total fish abundance at Tiahura sector in Moorea for the fringing reef. Second degree polynomial models were fitted to data (*: 0.01 <p ≤ 0.05, **: 0.001 <p ≤ 0.01).

Figure 9 in Long term monitoring of coral and fish assemblages (1983-2014) in Tiahura reefs, Moorea, French Polynesia

Figure 9. - Herbivorous fish species richness at Tiahura sector in Moorea for the three habitats. Linear models were fitted to data (**: 0.001 <p ≤ 0.01; ***: p ≤ 0.001).