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2,885 results for “Transfers”
Data from: Thermal conductance and basal metabolic rate are part of a coordinated system for heat transfer regulation
Thermal conductance measures the ease with which heat leaves or enters an organism's body. Although the analysis of this physiological variable in relation to climatic and ecological factors can be traced to studies by Scholander and colleagues, only small advances have occurred ever since. Here, we analyse the relationship between minimal thermal conductance estimated during summer (Cmin) and several ecological, climatic and geographical factors for 127 rodent species, in order to identify the exogenous factors that have potentially affected the evolution of thermal conductance. In addition, we evaluate whether there is compensation between Cmin and basal metabolic rate (BMR)—in such a way that a scale-invariant ratio between both variables is equal to one—as could be expected from the Scholander–Irving model of heat transfer. Our major findings are (i) annual mean temperature is the best single predictor of mass-independent Cmin. (ii) After controlling for the effect of body mass, there is a strong positive correlation between log10 (Cmin) and log10 (BMR). Further, the slope of this correlation is close to one, indicating an almost perfect compensation between both physiological variables. (iii) Structural equation modelling indicated that Cmin values are adjusted to BMR values and not the other way around. Thus, our results strongly suggest that BMR and thermal conductance integrate a coordinated system for heat regulation in endothermic animals and that summer conductance values are adjusted (in an evolutionary sense) to track changes in BMRs.
Data from: Evolution of stress-induced mutagenesis in the presence of horizontal gene transfer
Stress-induced mutagenesis has been observed in multiple species of bacteria and yeast. It has been suggested that in asexual populations, a mutator allele that increases the mutation rate during stress can sweep to fixation with the beneficial mutations it generates. However, even asexual microbes can undergo horizontal gene transfer and rare recombination, which typically interfere with the spread of mutator alleles. Here we examine the effect of horizontal gene transfer on the evolutionary advantage of stress-induced mutator alleles. Our results demonstrate that stress-induced mutator alleles are favored by selection even in the presence of horizontal gene transfer, and more so when the mutator alleles also increase the horizontal gene transfer rate. We suggest that when regulated by stress, mutation and horizontal gene transfer can be complementary, rather than competing, adaptive strategies, and that stress-induced mutagenesis has important implications for evolutionary biology, ecology, and epidemiology, even in the presence of horizontal gene transfer and rare recombination.
Data from: Assessing the effects of a sequestered germline on interdomain lateral gene transfer in Metazoa
A sequestered germline in Metazoa has been argued to be an obstacle to lateral gene transfer (LGT), though few studies have specifically assessed this claim. Here we test the hypothesis that the origin of a sequestered germline reduced LGT events in Bilateria (i.e. triploblast lineages) as compared to early-diverging Metazoa (i.e. Ctenophora, Cnidaria, Porifera, and Placozoa). We analyze single-gene phylogenies generated with over 900 species, sampled from among Bacteria, Archaea and Eukaryota to identify well-supported interdomain LGTs. We focus on interdomain LGT (i.e. those between prokaryotes and Metazoa) as systematic errors in single gene tree reconstruction create uncertainties for interpreting eukaryote-to-eukaryotes transfers. The breadth of the sampled Metazoa enables us to estimate the timing of LGTs, and to examine the pattern before vs. after the evolution of a sequestered germline. We identified 58 LGTs found only in Metazoa and prokaryotes (i.e. bacteria and/or archaea), and 7 genes transferred from prokaryotes into Metazoa plus one other eukaryotic clade. Our analyses indicate that more interdomain transfers occurred before the development of a sequestered germline, consistent with the hypothesis that this feature is an obstacle to LGT.
Data from: Back and forth Wolbachia transfers reveal efficient strains to control spotted wing drosophila populations
1.Since its recent invasion of the European and American continents, the spotted wing Drosophila Drosophila suzukii has become a burden of the fruit industry. Armed with a highly sclerotized ovipositor, females can lay eggs in a wider variety of ripening and healthy fruits than other Drosophila species. Economic losses due to Drosophila suzukii reach millions of dollars annually and methods to control natural populations in the field mainly rely on the use of chemical pesticides. 2.We tested if Wolbachia bacteria represents a potential ally to control this pest. These symbionts are naturally present in many insects and often induce a form of conditional sterility called Cytoplasmic Incompatibility (CI): the offspring of infected males die, unless the eggs are rescued by the compatible infection, inherited from the mother that protects the embryo. A long-recognised, a strategy called the Incompatible Insect Technique (IIT) makes use of the CI phenotype to control insect populations through the mass release of infected males. To implement this technique in D. suzukii, we used back and forth Wolbachia transfers between D. suzukii and D. simulans to identify Wolbachia strains that can sterilize D. suzukii females despite the presence of wSuz, a natural Wolbachia infection in this species. 3.We identified two Wolbachia strains as potential candidates for developing IIT in D. suzukii. Both induce a very high level of CI in this pest which is not attenuated by the presence of wSuz in females. Moreover, the newly transferred Wolbachia do not affect the fitness or the mating competitiveness of the sterilizing males. 4.Synthesis and applications. Although several critical steps still need to be tested and developed outside the laboratory to achieve the control of Drosophila suzukii using Incompatible Insect Technique. By an experimental approach in large population cage, we showed that releases of transinfected males limits population size. Thus, we provide in this study the proof of concept that this technique can be a very promising approach to control D. suzukii populations.
Data from: Quantifying and modelling decay in forecast proficiency indicates the limits of transferability in land-cover classification
1. The ability to provide reliable projections for the current and future distribution patterns of land-covers is fundamental if we wish to protect and manage our diminishing natural resources. Two inter-related revolutions made map productions feasible at unprecedented resolutions- the availability of high-resolution remotely-sensed data and the development of machine-learning algorithms. However, the ground-truth data needed for training models is in most cases spatially and temporally clustered. Therefore, map production requires extrapolation of models from one place to another and the uncertainty cost of such extrapolation is rarely explored. In other words, we focus mainly on projections, and less on quantifying how reliable they are. 2. Following the concept of 'forecast horizon', we suggest that the predictability of land-cover classification models should be methodologically explored with quantitative tools as a continuum against distances measured along multiple dimensions. Focusing on ten agricultural sites from England and using models specifically designed to predict multivariate decay-curves we ask: how does a model's predictive performance decay with distance? More specifically, we explored if we could predict the proficiency (kappa statistics) of a model trained in one site when making predictions in another site based on the spatial, temporal, spectral and environmental distances between sites. 3. We found that model proficiency decays with spatial, temporal, spectral and environmental distance between sites. More importantly, we found for the first time that it is possible to predict the performance a model transferred to or from a novel site will have, based on its distances from known sites. The spatial distance variables where the most important when predicting model transferability. 4. Exploring model transferability as a continuum may have multiple usages including predicting uncertainty values in space and time, prioritization of strategies for ground-truth data collection, and optimizing model characteristics for defined tasks.
Data from: Variations of thermophysical properties and heat transfer performance of nanoparticle-enhanced ionic liquids
The ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([EMIm]Ac) was investigated as a promising absorbent for absorption refrigeration. To improve the thermal conductivity of pure [EMIm]Ac, ionic-liquid-based nanofluids (ionanofluids) were prepared by adding graphene nanoplatelets. The thermal stability of the ionic liquid and ionanofluids was analysed. The variations of the thermal conductivity, viscosity and specific heat capacity resulting from the addition of the graphene nanoplatelets were then measured over a wide range of temperatures and mass fractions. The measured data were fitted with appropriate equations and compared with the corresponding classical models. The results revealed that the ionic liquid and ionanofluids were thermally stable over the measurement range. The thermal conductivity greatly increased with increasing mass fraction, while only slightly changed with increasing temperature. A maximum enhancement in thermal conductivity of 43.2% was observed at a temperature of 373.15 K for the ionanofluid with a mass fraction of 5%. The numerical results revealed that the dispersion of the graphene nanoplatelets in the pure ionic liquid effectively improved the local heat transfer coefficient by up to 28.6%.
Data from: Pouch brooding marsupial frogs transfer nutrients to developing embryos
Marsupial frogs have a unique reproductive mode in which females carry eggs enclosed in a sealed dorsal brood pouch. While most anurans are considered to be oviparous with lecithotrophic eggs, the extensively vascularized membrane of the brood pouch in marsupial frogs suggests potential opportunities for nutrient transfer. We tested for matrotrophy in the live-bearing Gastrotheca excubitor (Hemiphractidae), through feeding insects labelled with a 13C-fatty acid and a 15N-amino acid to brooding marsupial frogs. We observed significant increases of δ13C and δ15N in both maternal pouch tissues and embryos, suggesting nutrient transfer. Embryo dry mass also increased with developmental stage, providing further direct evidence for matrotrophy. These results suggest that in addition to gas exchange, the vascularized brood pouch membrane of G. excubitor also enables maternal nutrient transfer. This finding revealed a suspected but untested trait in the evolution of parental care in marsupial frogs, in contrast to previous work on Gastrotheca species that release tadpoles, and suggests greater complexity in reproductive and provisioning modes than previously thought.
FIGURE 6 in Rediscovery of the ant genus Amyrmex Kusnezov (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and its transfer from Dolichoderinae to Leptanilloidinae
FIGURE 6. Right forewing, male Amyrmex BR01 (CASENT0106185).
FIGURE 5 in The Madagascan genus Dolurgocleptes Schedl (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae): description of a new species and transfer to the tribe Polygraphini
FIGURE 5. Aedeagus (A, C) and spermatheca (B) of D. punctifer (A, B) and D. malgassicus (C).
FIGURE 82 in A revision of the endemic South African spider genus Austrachelas, with its transfer to the Gallieniellidae (Arachnida: Araneae)
FIGURE 82. Distribution of the genus Austrachelas, endemic to South Africa.
FIGURES 2–3. COmpSOcOmmOSiS vietnamenSiS n in Compsocommosis new genus, with a new species in Vietnam, and Transfer of Mictocommosis to Archipini (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Tortricinae: Archipini)
FIGURES 2–3. COmpSOcOmmOSiS vietnamenSiS n. sp., head close-ups (lateral and dorsal views), female.
FIGURE 1. COmpSOcOmmOSiS vietnamenSiS n in Compsocommosis new genus, with a new species in Vietnam, and Transfer of Mictocommosis to Archipini (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Tortricinae: Archipini)
FIGURE 1. COmpSOcOmmOSiS vietnamenSiS n. sp., female holotype (14.5mm wingspan).
FIGURE 3 in The Coccidae (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) of Chile, with descriptions of three new species and transfer of Lecanium resinatum Kieffer & Herbst to the Kerriidae
FIGURE 3. Pulvinaria drimyswinteri Kondo & Gullan, adult female.
FIGURE 4 in The Coccidae (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) of Chile, with descriptions of three new species and transfer of Lecanium resinatum Kieffer & Herbst to the Kerriidae
FIGURE 4. Stictolecanium cranstoni Kondo & Gullan, adult female.
FIGURE 2 in The Coccidae (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) of Chile, with descriptions of three new species and transfer of Lecanium resinatum Kieffer & Herbst to the Kerriidae
FIGURE 2. Cryptinglisia chilensis Kondo & Gullan, adult female.
FIGURE 3 in Review of the enigmatic genus Boalda with transfer of pulcherrima Köhler from Nephelistis and description of two new species (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
FIGURE 3. Boalda pulcherrima, cotype.
Community Radiative Transfer Model binary files
The Community Radiative Transfer Model (CRTM) is a JCSDA developed and distributed community model. It is used within the JCSDA JEDI framework, but is also a commonly used stand-alone radiative transfer model used across various federal agencies, research organizations, and universities. CRTM is licensed under the Creative Commons Zero license, and is fully within the public domain, including the dataset to be hosted here. The present dataset is the "binary files" that are used within the CRTM to enable it to compute clear-sky transmittances for various satellite sensors. There will be either 1 "tarball" file (tar.gz) with a total size of approximately 6 GB or less, or a structured directory consisting of 4139 files binary files consisting of big endian, little endian, netCDF3/4, pdf, and assorted binary assets totaling no more than 10GB (uncompressed). There will be occasion to add individual files, but no more than a weekly occurrence in general.
code, scripts and data for "Energy transfers in surface wave-averaged equations" by L. Czeschel and C. Eden
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FIGURE 20 in The nursery-web spider Hygropoda tanganus (Roewer, 1955) comb. nov. (Araneae: Lycosoidea: Pisauridae); generic transfer, first description of the female and redescription of the male
FIGURE 20. Distribution of Hygropoda tangana (Roewer, 1955).
Ethereum Transaction Data used for End-user Comprehension of Transfer Risks in Smart Contracts
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.