Find research datasets worth reusing
Search datasets from major research repositories and use ShareScore to quickly assess how well each record supports discovery, access, and reuse.
10,735
datasets available to search
ShareScore release 0.9.0
Dataset results
10,735 results for “dependability”
Data from: Phenotypically plastic responses to predation risk are temperature dependent
Predicting how organisms respond to climate change requires that we understand the temperature dependence of fitness in relevant ecological contexts (e.g., with or without predation risk). Predation risk often induces changes to life history traits that are themselves temperature dependent. We explore how perceived predation risk and temperature interact to determine fitness (indicated by the intrinsic rate of increase, r) through changes to its underlying components (net reproductive rate, generation time, and survival) in Daphnia magna. We exposed Daphnia to predation cues from dragonfly naiads early, late, or throughout their ontogeny. Predation risk increased r differentially across temperatures and depending on the timing of exposure to predation cues. The timing of predation risk likewise altered the temperature dependent response of T and R0. Daphnia at hotter temperatures responded to predation risk by increasing r through a combination of increased R0 and decreased T that together countered an increase in mortality rate. However, only D. magna that experienced predation cues early in ontogeny showed elevated r at colder temperatures. These results highlight the fact that phenotypically plastic responses of life history traits to predation risk can be strongly temperature dependent.
Experimental predator intrusions in a cooperative breeder reveal threat-dependent task partitioning
In cooperatively breeding species, non-breeding individuals provide alloparental care and help in territory maintenance and defence. Antipredator behaviours of subordinates can enhance offspring survival, which may provide direct and indirect fitness benefits to all group members. Helping abilities and involved costs and benefits, risks and outside options (e.g. breeding independently) usually diverge between group members, which calls for status-specific differentiated behavioural responses. Such role differentiation within groups may generate task-specific division of labour, as exemplified by eusocial animals. In vertebrates, little is known about such task differentiation among group members. We show how breeders and helpers of the cooperatively breeding cichlid Neolamprologus savoryi partition predator defence depending on intruder type and the presence of dependent young. In the field, we experimentally simulated intrusions by different fish species posing a risk either specifically to eggs, young, or adults. We used intrusions by harmless algae-eaters as a control. Breeders defended most when dependent young were present, while helper investment hinged mainly on their body size and on the potential threat posed by the respective intruders. Breeders and helpers partitioned defence tasks primarily when dependent young were exposed to immediate risk, with breeders investing most in antipredator defence, while helpers increased guarding and care in the breeding chamber. Breeders' defence likely benefits helpers as well, as it was especially enhanced in the treatment where helpers were also at risk. These findings illustrate that in a highly social fish different group members exhibit fine-tuned behavioural responses in dependence of ecological and reproductive parameter variation.
Predator pheromone elicits a temporally dependent non-consumptive effect in prey
<ol> <li>The influence of predator cues on the behaviour of prey is well supported in the literature; however, a clear understanding of how predator cues affect prey in variable environmental conditions and over longer time scales is needed to better understand the underlying mechanisms. Here, we measure how predator odors affect herbivore colonization, abundance, oviposition, and plant damage across two growing seasons.</li> <li>The study system consisted of <i>Leptinotarsa decemlineata </i> (Colorado potato beetle) as prey, and the aggregation pheromone of live <i>Podisus maculiventris </i> (spined soldier bug) as the predator cue in a potato field.</li> <li>In 2016, the amount of feeding damage by early beetle colonists was lower in predator odor‐treated plots, reducing plant damage by 22%. Larval abundance was also reduced in treated plots in 2016. Beetle abundance and damage in 2017 was similar in the treatment and control plots. Two mechanisms were investigated to better understand why prey response to the predator odor treatment weakened over the first season, including changes in predator odor cue strength and prey habituation. Predator odor cue strength emerged as a likely explanation, as dispensers, which released a synthetic predator pheromone over the entire season, reduced the probability of finding damage more consistently than the live predator treatment.</li> <li>These results suggest that temporal patterns of predator cue release and strength may drive prey response across the season, underscoring the importance of cue release‐rate and consistency in both species interactions and for the future application of modifying insect behaviour using non‐consumptive effects in agricultural systems.</li> </ol>
Progression of Wave Breaker Types on a Plane Impermeable Slope, Depending on Experimental Design
<p>Data sets from experimental tests carried out at the CIAO fluye and numerical tests carried out in the numerical model IH2VOF.</p>
Dataset for Angular Dependence and Spatial Distribution of Jupiter's Centimeter-Wave Thermal Emission from Juno's Microwave Radiometer
<p>This dataset comprises all processed data (in HDF5 format) used in figures and discussion in the paper "Angular Dependence and Spatial Distribution of Jupiter's Centimeter-Wave Thermal Emission from Juno's Microwave Radiometer".</p>
data set related to article Echo-time dependency of quantitative susceptibility mapping reproducibility at different magnetic field strengths
<p>This record contains raw date related to article Echo-time dependency of quantitative susceptibility mapping reproducibility at different magnetic field strengths</p>
Dataset related to 'Pedagogy matters: Experience-dependent spatiotemporal brain network dynamics'
<p>System Diversity (SD) and Spatio-Temporal Diversity (STD) values (as defined in [Vohryzek2020]) estimated on two groups of children (6-12 y.o.) from Montessori and traditional schools. We provide the values for the two groups and values from 1000 permutations between groups.</p>
Anti-predator behaviour depends on male weapon size
<p>Tonic immobility and escape are adaptive anti-predator tactics used by many animals. Escape requires movement, whereas tonic immobility does not. If anti-predator tactics relate to weapon size, males with larger weapons may adopt tonic immobility, whereas males with smaller weapons may adopt escape. However, no study has investigated the relationship between weapon size and anti-predator tactics. In this study, we investigated the relationship between male weapon size and tonic immobility in the beetle <i>Gnathocerus</i><i> cornutus</i>. The results showed that tonic immobility was more frequent in males with larger weapons. Although most studies of tonic immobility in beetles have focused on the duration, rather than the frequency, tonic immobility duration was not affected by weapon size in <i>G</i>.<i> cornutus</i>. Therefore, this study is the first to suggest that the male weapon trait affects anti-predator tactics.</p>
Data from: Density-dependent offspring interactions do not explain macroevolutionary scaling of adult size and offspring size
Most lifeforms exhibit a correlated evolution of adult size (AS) and size at independence (SI), giving rise to AS-SI scaling relationships. Theory suggests that scaling arises because relatively large adults have relatively high reproductive output, resulting in strong density-dependent competition in early life, where large size at independence provides a competitive advantage to juveniles. The primary goal of our study is to test this Density Hypothesis, using large datasets that span the vertebrate tree of life (fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals). Our secondary goal is to motivate new hypotheses for AS-SI scaling, by exploring how subtle variation in life-histories among closely-related species is associated with variation in scaling. Our phylogenetically-informed comparisons do not support the Density Hypothesis. Instead, exploration of AS-SI scaling among life-history variants suggests that steeper AS-SI scaling slopes are associated with evolutionary increases in size at independence. We suggest that a positive association between size at independence and juvenile growth rate may represent an important mechanism underlying AS-SI scaling, a mechanism that has been underappreciated by theorists. If faster juvenile growth is a consequence of evolutionary increases in size at independence, this may help offset the cost of delayed maturation, leading to steeper AS-SI scaling slopes.
Data from: Fecundity compensation is dependent on the generalised stress response in a nematode host
Background: Fecundity compensation, increased offspring output following parasite exposure, is widely reported, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. General stress responses are linked to other indirect defences against parasites, and therefore may be responsible. We challenged strains of Caenorhabditis elegans (wild-type and mutants with compromised or strengthened stress responses) with Staphylococcus aureus. Results: In all strains except the compromised stress response mutant, we saw elevated offspring production if hosts survived initial parasite exposure. Conclusion: We infer that general stress responses are linked with fecundity compensation. These results may explain why trade-offs are not observed among parasite defence mechanisms.
Temperature-dependent competitive outcomes between the fruit flies Drosophila santomea and D. yakuba
<p>We use these data to test whether temperature can indirectly affect the fitness of <i>Drosophila santomea</i> and <i>D. yakuba</i> by altering interspecific competitive outcomes. We show that, when raised in isolation, both <i>D. santomea</i> and <i>D. yakuba</i> display similar variation in relative fitness across temperatures of 18°C, 22°C, and 25°C. However, <i>D. santomea</i> has higher fitness than <i>D. yakuba</i> when experiencing interspecific competition at 18°C, while the inverse is true at 25°C. Patterns of fitness across thermal and competitive environments therefore indicate that the outcome of interspecific competition varies with temperature. We then use a 'coexistence' experiment to show that <i>D. santomea</i> is rapidly (within 8 generations) extirpated when maintained with <i>D. yakuba</i> at 25°C. By contrast, <i>D. santomea</i> remains as (or more) abundant than <i>D. yakuba</i> over the course of ~10 generations when maintained at 18°C. Results provide an example of how the thermal environment can affect interspecific competition and suggest that some species may become more prone to extinction under scenarios of climate change through indirect effects of the thermal environment on competitive advantages between species.</p>
Data from: Finding clarity in ecological outcomes using empirical integrated social-ecological systems: a case study of agriculture-dependent grassland birds
<p>1. Efforts to monitor and conserve populations and ecosystems in human-dominated landscapes can benefit from an empirical social-ecological systems approach.<br> 2. Here we illustrate how latent variable structural equation modelling of regional time series data can effectively describe interconnected drivers of population fluctuations in dynamic landscapes and can help to reveal previously unknown system drivers.<br> 3. Using a declining farmland-dependent bird species (Ammodramus savannarum) in the eastern United States (1994-2015) as a case study, our analysis reveals how farm management decisions drive population fluctuations (R<sup>2</sup> = 20%), while management is in turn highly influenced by climate (R<sup>2</sup> = 23-51%), but not by regional conservation spending.<br> 4. Synthesis and applications. Structural equation modelling revealed potential social-ecological pathways for halting regional population declines in a grassland bird, the Grasshopper Sparrow. Lower population growth rates followed years of higher hay yields (~4 percentage points per metric ton increase in hay yield) and later harvests (~2 percentage points per 10-day delay in harvest). Thus, one pathway for stabilising regional populations could involve compensating farmers for reducing hay harvests, potentially requiring a six-fold increase in current annual agri-environmental conservation spending.</p>
The response of carbon assimilation and storage to long-term drought in tropical trees is dependent on light availability
<p>1) Whether tropical trees acclimate to long-term drought stress remains unclear. This uncertainty is amplified if drought stress is accompanied by changes in other drivers such as the increases in canopy light exposure that might be induced by tree mortality or other disturbances.</p> <p>2) Photosynthetic capacity, leaf respiration, non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) storage and stomatal conductance were measured on 162 trees at the world's longest running (15 yr) tropical forest drought experiment. We test whether surviving trees have altered strategies for carbon storage and carbon use in the drier and elevated light conditions present following drought-related tree mortality.</p> <p>3) Relative to control trees, the surviving trees experiencing the drought treatment showed functional responses including: i) moderately reduced photosynthetic capacity; ii) increased total leaf NSC; and iii) a switch from starch to soluble sugars as the main store of branch NSC. This contrasts with earlier findings at this experiment of no change in photosynthetic capacity or NSC storage. The changes detected here only occurred in the subset of drought-stressed trees with canopies exposed to high radiation and were absent in trees with less-exposed canopies, and also in the community average. In contrast to previous results acquired through less intensive species sampling from this experiment, we also observe no species-average drought-induced change in leaf respiration.</p> <p>4) Our results suggest that long-term responses to drought stress are strongly influenced by a tree's full-canopy light environment and therefore that disturbance-induced changes in stand density and dynamics are likely to substantially impact tropical forest responses to climate change. We also demonstrate that, while challenging, intensive sampling is essential in tropical forests to avoid sampling biases caused by limited taxonomic coverage.</p>
Impacts of ocean wave-dependent momentum flux on global ocean climate
<p>This is dataset of ocean climate simulations used in the paper "Impacts of ocean wave-dependent momentum flux on global ocean climate" by Shimura et al. (2020, Geophysical Research Letters).</p> <p>The dataset contains results of four experiments; "expWAVE", "expWAVEctrl", "expWIND", "expWINDctrl". The "expWAVEctrl" and "expWINDctrl" are control experiments of "expWAVE" and "expWIND".</p> <p>The data "expXXX_ocean_month_YYYY_MM.nc.zip" contains monthly mean ocean temperature, u and v components of ocean current.</p> <p>The data "expXXX_ocean_surf_YYYY_MM.nc.zip" contains monthly mean surface heat flux, u and v components of momentum flux.</p>
Data from: Changes in soil pH and their dependence on the species of cereals and strategies for sustainable agriculture
<p>The acidity of the environment is one of the key elements determining proper conditions for crop cultivation. Inappropriate environmental conditions may contribute to numerous changes in plant raw materials. New strategies introduced in agriculture bring with them some uncertainties associated with the adaptation of plants to the soil. Currently, in the EU market, a gradual replacement of conventional strategies in favour of organic ones is observed. The change in fertilization strategy may lead to the emergence of new soil conditions in cultivation. Soil pH and humus content determine the phenomenon of soil fertility as well as soil physical, chemical, and biological properties. Rational and effective management of nutrients is related to the assessment of the content of available nutrients in the soil, as well as to the agronomic assessment of the soil class. This type of treatment is key in the planning of crops rotation. The study aimed to evaluate soil pH after combine harvesting, in wheat, rye, and barley crops cultivation according to two agricultural strategies, viz. ecological and conventional. In the course of the study mature soil was sampled. The research was carried out on pH meter CP 411 combined with an EPS-1 pH electrode. The obtained soil pH results varied according to the type of cereal grown. Statistical analysis of variance with the significance level of 0.05 showed no significant difference regardless of the implemented agricultural strategy. It is recommended once every 4 years to perform laboratory examination of soil pH for fertilization advice.</p>
Support for a relationship between demography and modeled habitat suitability is scale dependent for the Purple Martin, Progne subis
<p>1. Species distribution models (SDMs) estimate habitat suitability for species in geographic space. They are extensively used in conservation under the assumption that there is a positive relationship between habitat suitability and species success and stability.</p> <p>2. Given the difficulties in obtaining demographic data across a species' range, this assumption is rarely tested. Here we provide a range-wide test of this relationship for the eastern subspecies of purple martin (<i>Progne subis subis</i>).</p> <p>3. We build a well-supported SDM for the breeding range of the purple martin, and pair it with an unparalleled demographic dataset of nest success and local and regional abundance data for the species to test the proposed link between habitat suitability and fecundity and demography.</p> <p>4. We find a positive relationship between regional abundance and habitat suitability but no relationship between local abundance or fecundity and habitat suitability.</p> <p>5. Our data suggest that local success is driven largely by biotic and stochastic factors and raise the possibility that purple martins are experiencing a time lag in their distribution. More broadly our results call for caution in how we interpret SDMs and do not support the assumption that areas of high habitat suitability are the best areas for species persistence.</p>
(DATA) - Compassion and Personal Distress Depend on the Degree of Closeness to the Other in Suffering
<p>All data from our study "<strong>Compassion and Personal Distress Depend on the Degree of Closeness to the Other in Suffering"</strong></p>
Detrimental impacts of climate change may be exacerbated by density dependent population regulation in blue mussels
<p>1. The climate on our planet is changing and the range distributions of organisms are shifting in response. In aquatic environments, species might not be able to redistribute poleward or into deeper water when temperatures rise because of barriers, reduced light availability, altered water chemistry, or any combination of these. How species respond to climate change may depend on physiological adaptability, but also on the population dynamics of the species.</p> <p>2. Density dependence is a ubiquitous force that governs population dynamics and regulates population growth, yet its connections to the impacts of climate change remain little known, especially in marine studies. Reductions in density below an environmental carrying capacity may cause compensatory increases in demographic parameters and population growth rate, hence masking the impacts of climate change on populations. On the other hand, climate-driven deterioration of conditions may reduce environmental carrying capacities, making compensation less likely and populations more susceptible to the effects of stochastic processes.</p> <p>3. Here we investigate the effects of climate change on Baltic blue mussels using a 17-year data set on population density. Using a Bayesian modelling framework, we investigate the impacts of climate change, assess the magnitude and effects of density dependence, and project the likelihood of population decline by the year 2030.</p> <p>4. Our findings show negative impacts of warmer and less saline waters, both outcomes of climate change. We also show that density-dependence increases the likelihood of population decline by subjecting the population to the detrimental effects of stochastic processes (i.e., low densities where random bad years can cause local extinction, negating the possibility for random good years to offset bad years).</p> <p>5. We highlight the importance of understanding, and accounting for both density dependence and climate variation when predicting the impact of climate change on keystone species, such as the Baltic blue mussel. 08-Oct-2020</p>
Temperature-dependent effects of sea-louse infestation on juvenile Atlantic salmon
<p>Infectious diseases are key drivers of wildlife populations and agriculture production, but whether and how climate change will influence disease impacts remains controversial. One of the critical knowledge gaps that prevents resolution of this controversy is a lack of high-quality experimental data, especially in marine systems of significant ecological and economic consequence. Here, we performed a manipulative experiment in which we tested the temperature-dependent effects on Atlantic salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>) of sea lice (<i>Lepeophtheirus salmonis</i>) – a parasite that can depress the productivity of wild-salmon populations and the profits of the salmon-farming industry. We explored sea-louse impacts on their hosts across a range of temperatures (10, 13, 16, 19, and 22 °C) and infestation levels (zero, 'low' (mean abundance ± SE = 1.6 ± 0.1 lice per fish), and 'high' infestation (6.8 ± 0.4 lice per fish)). We found that the effects of sea lice on the growth rate, condition, and survival of juvenile Atlantic salmon all worsen with increasing temperature. Our results provide a rare empirical example of how climate change may influence the impacts of marine disease in a key social-ecological system. These findings underscore the importance of considering climate-driven changes to disease impacts in wildlife conservation and agriculture. This Dryad submission includes the growth-rate, condition, and survival data for the manuscript entitled "Increasing temperatures accentuate negative fitness consequences of a marine parasite" by Sean C. Godwin, Mark D. Fast, Anna Kuparinen, Kate E. Medcalf, and Jeffrey A. Hutchings. </p>
Age-dependent modulation of bone metabolism in zebrafish scales as new model of male osteoporosis in lower vertebrates
<p>After middle age, in human bone, the resorption usually exceeds formation resulting in bone loss and increased risk of fractures in the aged population. Only few in vivo models in higher vertebrates are available for pathogenic and therapeutic studies about bone aging. Among these, male Danio rerio (zebrafish) can be successfully used as low vertebrate model to study degenerative alterations that affect the skeleton during aging, reducing the role of sex hormones.In this paper, we investigated the early bone aging mechanisms in male zebrafish (3, 6, 9 months old) scales evaluating the physiological changes and the effects of prednisolone, a pro-osteoporotic drug.The results evidentiated an age-dependent reduction of the mineralization rate in the fish scales, as highlighted by growing circle measurements. Indeed, the osteoblastic ALP activity at the matrix deposition site was found progressively downregulated.The higher TRAP activity was found in 63% of 9-month-old fish scales associated with resorption lacunae along the scale border. Gene expression analysis evidentiated that an increase of the tnfrsf1b (homolog of human rank) in aging scales may be responsible for resorption stimulation.Interestingly, prednisolone inhibited the physiological growth of the scale and induced in aged scales a more significant bone resorption compared with untreated fish (3.8% vs 1.02%). Bone markers analysis shown a significant reduction of ALP/TRAP ratio due to a prednisolone-dependent stimulation of tnfsf11 (homolog of human rankl) in scales of older fish.The results evidentiated for the first time the presence of a senile male osteoporosis in lower vertebrate. This new model could be helpful to identify the early mechanisms of bone aging and new therapeutic strategies to prevent age-related bone alterations in humans.</p>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.