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2,911 results for “dispersal”
Figure 15 in Vicariant versus dispersal processes in the settlement of Pseudamnicola (Caenogastropoda, Hydrobiidae) in the Mediterranean Balearic Islands
Figure 15. Anatomy of Pseudamnicola (Pseudamnicola) subproducta from Baltasar Ullal, Tarragona, Spain. A, B, partial nervous system. C, ctenidium and osphradium. D, prostate gland. E, stomach. F, head and penis of a male. G, female genitalia. H, bursa copulatrix and seminal receptacle.
Figure 16 in Vicariant versus dispersal processes in the settlement of Pseudamnicola (Caenogastropoda, Hydrobiidae) in the Mediterranean Balearic Islands
Figure 16. Shells of Pseudamnicola (Pseudamnicola) gasulli. A, shell from a stream at Barranco de las Negras, Almería, Spain. B, shell from Retamar Rambla, Almería, Spain. C–G, shells from a stream at Rambla de los Yesos, Alboloduy, Spain. E–G, protoconch and microsculpture of the protoconch. Scale bar: 1 mm.
Figure 14 in Vicariant versus dispersal processes in the settlement of Pseudamnicola (Caenogastropoda, Hydrobiidae) in the Mediterranean Balearic Islands
Figure 14. Operculum and radula of Pseudamnicola (Pseudamnicola) subproducta from Baltasar Ullal, Tarragona, Spain. A, internal side of the operculum. B, external side of the operculum. C, radula. D, rows of teeth of the radula. E, central teeth. F, details of outer marginal teeth.
Bayesian morphological clock versus parsimony: An insight into the relationships and dispersal events of postvacuum Cricetidae (Rodentia, Mammalia)
<p>Establishing an evolutionary timescale is fundamental for tackling a great variety of topics in evolutionary biology, including the reconstruction of patterns of historical biogeography, coevolution and diversification<span>. </span>However, the tree of life is pruned by extinction and very generally molecular data cannot be gathered for extinct lineages. Methodological challenges have prevented until recently the application of tip-dating Bayesian approaches in morphology-based fossil-only datasets. Herein we present a morphological dataset for a group of cricetid rodents to which we apply a battery of methods fairly new in palaeontology that can be used by palaeontologists for the analysis of entirely extinct clades. We compare the tree topologies obtained by traditional parsimony, Bayesian dated and undated phylogenetic approaches and calculate stratigraphic congruence indices for each. Bayesian tip-dated clock methods seem to outperform parsimony in the case of our dataset, which includes highly homoplastic morphological characters. Regardless, all three topologies support the monophyly of Megacricetodontinae, Democricetodontinae and Cricetodontinae. Dispersal and speciation events inferred through Bayesian Binary Markov chain Monte Carlo and biodiversity analyses provide evidence for a correlation between biogeographic events, climatic changes and diversification in cricetids.</p>
Fig. 1 in Observations on the Tunneling Behavior and Seed Dispersal Efficacy of Copris nubilosus Kohlmann, Cano, and Delgado (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae: Coprini)
Fig. 1. The dung-lined interior of a tunnel (A) and the soil stained with FlashGel® Loading Dye indicating the tunnel trajectory (B).
Fig. 2 in Observations on the Tunneling Behavior and Seed Dispersal Efficacy of Copris nubilosus Kohlmann, Cano, and Delgado (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae: Coprini)
Fig. 2. The effect of seed size on burial depth for small (asterisk) and large (triangle) seeds. The trendline (solid grey line) is the non-linear trend obtained using loess. The hatched box denotes the optimum depth range for successful seed germination (Estrada and Coates-Estrada 1991).
Fig. 1 in Female-Biased Dispersal Activity of the River-Shore Stag Beetle,Nicagus japonicusNagel (Coleoptera: Lucanidae), in a Disrupted Habitat
Fig. 1. The ecology and habitat of Nicagus japonicus. a) Female, b) Several N. japonicus on the ground; male and female beetles are indicated by blue and red arrows, respectively, c) Riverside habitat in the Kinugawa River tributary near Dorobu, Japan; in 2012, many N. japonicus were observed on the sandy area of the riverside, d) Habitat completely disrupted in 2013 and only a few N. japonicus were observed in this area, e) Larvae feeding inside driftwood in the laboratory; arrows indicate larval feces packed in the tunnels, f) Larva (arrow) tunneling in the sand and pupating in contact with the bottom of a plastic cage.
Fig. 2 in Female-Biased Dispersal Activity of the River-Shore Stag Beetle,Nicagus japonicusNagel (Coleoptera: Lucanidae), in a Disrupted Habitat
Fig. 2. Daily maximum temperature at the Dorobu Weather Station in 2012 and 2013. Arrows indicate the days of the field surveys.
The contribution of environmental and dispersal filters on beta diversity patterns in Amazonian tree communities
<p>Environmental filters (e.g. climate, geomorphology and soils) and dispersal filters are key determinants of species distributions of Amazonian tree communities. However, a comprehensive analysis of the role of environmental and dispersal filters is needed to understand the ecological and evolutionary processes that drive phylogenetic and taxonomic turnover of Amazonian tree communities. We compare measures of taxonomic and phylogenetic beta diversity in 40 one-hectare plots to test the relative importance of climate, soils, geology, geomorphology, pure spatial variables and the spatial variation of environmental drivers of phylogenetic and taxonomic turnover in Ecuadorian Amazon tree communities. We found low phylogenetic and high taxonomic turnover with respect to environmental and dispersal filters. In addition, our results suggest that climate is a significantly better predictor of phylogenetic turnover and species turnover than geomorphology and soils at all spatial scales. The influence of climate as a predictor of phylogenetic turnover was stronger at broader spatial scales (50 km<sup>2</sup>) whereas geomorphology and soils appear to be better predictors of taxonomic turnover at mid (5 km<sup>2</sup>) and fine spatial scales (0.5 km<sup>2</sup>) but a weak predictor of phylogenetic turnover at broad spatial scales. We also found that the combined effect of geomorphology and soils was significantly higher for species turnover at all spatial scales but not for phylogenetic turnover at large spatial scales. Geographic distances as proxy of dispersal limitation was a better predictor of phylogenetic turnover at distances of 50<500 km. Our findings suggest that climatic variation at local and regional scales can better predict phylogenetic and taxonomic turnover than geomorphology and soils.</p>
Data from: Larval dispersal and fishing pressure influence recruitment in a coral reef fishery
<ol> <li><span>Understanding larval connectivity patterns in exploited fishes is a fundamental prerequisite for developing effective management strategies and assessing the vulnerability of a fishery to recruitment overfishing and localised extinction. To date however, researchers have not considered how regional variations in fishing pressure also influence recruitment. </span></li> <li><span>We used genetic parentage analyses and modelling to infer the dispersal patterns of bumphead parrotfish (<i>Bolbometopon muricatum</i>) larvae in the Kia fishing grounds, Isabel Province, Solomon Islands. We then extrapolated our Kia dispersal model to a regional scale by mapping the available nursery and adult habitat for <i>B. muricatum</i> in six regions in the western Solomon Islands, and estimated the relative abundance of adult <i>B. muricatum</i> populations in each of these regions based on available adult habitat and historical and current fishing pressure. </span></li> <li><span><span>Parentage analysis identified 67 juveniles that were the offspring of parents sampled in the Kia fishing grounds. A </span>fitted larval dispersal kernel<span> predicted that 50% of larvae settled within 30 km of their parents, and 95% settled within 85 km of their parents. After accounting for unsampled adults, our model predicted that 34% of recruitment to the Kia fishery was spawned locally. Extrapolating the spatial resolution of the model revealed that a high proportion of the larvae recruiting into the Kia fishing grounds came from nearby regions that had abundant adult populations. </span>Other islands in the archipelago provided few recruits to the Kia fishing grounds, reflecting the greater distances to these islands and lower adult abundances in some regions. </span></li> <li> <em>Synthesis and <a>applications</a></em><em>: </em>This study shows how recruitment into a commercial reef fishery is influenced by larval dispersal patterns and regional variations in historical fishing pressure. The scales of larval connectivity observed for <i>B. muricatum</i> indicate that recruitment overfishing is unlikely if there are lightly exploited reefs up to 85 km away from a heavily fished region, and that small marine protected areas (MPAs) are insufficient to protect this species. We recommend greater efforts to understand the interactions between larval dispersal and gradients of fishing pressure, as this will enable the development of tailored fisheries management <a>strategies.</a> </li> </ol>
Subannual phenology and the effect of staggered fruit ripening on dispersal competition
<p>Seed dispersal mutualisms evolve in complex communities of plants and frugivorous animals, within which indirect interactions such as competition and facilitation can occur. Many tropical plants reproduce subannually in multiple episodes per year. Yet, the consequences of episodic reproduction on interactions with seed dispersers remains largely unexplored. We studied <em>Guarea guidonia</em> (<em>Meliaceae</em>), a subannually reproducting tree, to examine temporal variation in seed dispersal within a tropical forested landscape in the central Dominican Republic. We hypothesized that foraging by seed dispersers would (a) increase with daily ripe fruit set on focal trees, (b) decrease with increasing ripe fruit biomass of neighboring plants, and (c) decrease in response to the fruiting periods of other taxa at the landscape scale. Over 18 months, we tracked the phenology of 24 focal trees and quantified foraging during fruiting phases through repeated observations, simultenously measuring seed dispersal in traps beneath isolated perches across the study landscape. Date was the only clear predictor of frugivore visitation, with early and late peaks in activity during the 5-month fruiting period. The midseason decline in foraging at focal trees matched a decline in <em>Guarea</em> dispersal to seed traps independently of fruit abundance. Declines in foraging associated with <em>Guarea</em> were inversely related to peak dispersal of higher quality lipid-rich fruiting species. Our results suggest that multiple flowering episodes and subsequent asynchronous fruit ripening of low-quality fruits can reduce competititive pressure from other high quality fruiting species, implying that this potentialy bet-hedging strategy may be an overlooked factor in the evolution of subannual reproduction.</p>
Data from: Dispersal limitations and long-term persistence drive differentiation from haplotypes to communities within a tropical sky-island: evidence from community metabarcoding
<p>Neutral theory proposes that dispersal stochasticity is one of the main drivers of local diversity. Haplotypes-level genetic variation can now be efficiently sampled from across whole communities, thus making it possible to test neutral predictions from the genetic to species-level diversity, and higher. However, empirical data is still limited, with the few studies to date coming from temperate latitudes. Here, we focus on a tropical mountain within the Transmexican Volcanic Belt to evaluate spatially fine-scale patterns of arthropod community assembly to understand the role of dispersal limitation and landscape features as drivers of diversity. We sampled whole-communities of arthropods for eight orders at a spatial scale ranging from 50 m to 19 km, using <span>whole community metabarcoding. We explored multiple hierarchical levels, from individual haplotypes to lineages at 0.5, 1.5, 3, 5, 7.5% similarity thresholds, to evaluate patterns of richness, turnover,</span><span> and distance decay of similarity </span><span>with isolation-by-distance and isolation-by-resistance (</span><span>costs to dispersal given by landscape features</span><span>) approaches. </span><span>Our results showed that distance and altitude influence distance decay of similarity at all hierarchical levels. This holds for arthropod groups of contrasting dispersal abilities, but with different strength depending on the spatial scale. Our results support a model where local-scale differentiation mediated by dispersal constraints, combined with long-term persistence of lineages, is an important driver of diversity within tropical sky islands.</span></p>
No evidence for female kin association, indications for extragroup paternity, and sex‐biased dispersal patterns in wild western gorillas
Characterizing animal dispersal patterns and the rational behind individuals' transfer choices is a long-standing question of interest in evolutionary biology. In wild western gorillas (Gorilla gorilla), a one-male polygynous species, previous genetic findings suggested that, when dispersing, females might favor groups with female kin to promote cooperation, resulting in higher-than-expected within-group female relatedness. The extent of male dispersal remains unclear with studies showing conflicting results. To investigate male and female dispersal patterns and extra-group paternity, we analyzed long-term field observations, including female spatial proximity data, together with genetic data (10 autosomal microsatellites) on individuals from a unique set of four habituated western gorilla groups, and four additional extra-group males (49 individuals in total). The majority of offspring (25 of 27) were sired by the group male. For two offspring, evidence for extra-group paternity was found. Contrarily to previous findings, adult females were not significantly more related within groups than across groups. Consistently, adult female relatedness within groups did not correlate with their spatial proximity inferred from behavioral data. Adult females were similarly related to adult males from their group than from other groups. Using RST statistics, we found significant genetic structure and a pattern of isolation by distance, indicating limited dispersal in this species. Comparing relatedness among females and among males revealed that males disperse farer than females, as expected in a polygamous species. Our study on habituated western gorillas shed light on the dispersal dynamics and reproductive behavior of this polygynous species and challenge some of the previous results based on unhabituated groups.
Migration-tracking integrated phylogeography supports long-distance dispersal-driven divergence for a migratory bird species in the Japanese archipelago
<p>Previous phylogeographic studies of migratory bird species have not discriminated long-distance dispersal (LDD) from vicariant speciation in their diversification process. We conducted an integrative phylogeographic approach to test the LDD hypothesis, which predicts that a Japanese migratory bird subspecies diverged from a population in the coastal region of the East China Sea (CRECS) via LDD over the East China Sea (ECS). We used the Brown Shrike as a model species, and we conducted molecular phylogenetics, species distribution models (SDMs) and migration tracking. We assessed whether the LDD hypothesis is applicable to the divergence history of the Japanese subspecies of the Brown Shrike.</p> <p>The datasets include three zipped files, namely DataS1.zip, DataS2.zip, and DataS3.zip. See the READ ME (AOKI_et_al_2021_DATASET_README.txt) for how each of the folder and files contained in them can be used to reproduce our results.</p> <p>DataS1.zip inlcudes an xml file to conduct the BEAST analysis. Molecular data, which include nucleotide sequences obtained for cytochrome b (cytb), cytochrome oxidase c subunit I (COI), myoglobin intron-2 (MB) and transforming growth factor beta 2 intron-5 (TGFb2), have been all reposited to DDBJ international nucleotide sequence database, and accession numbers have been already given to them. Accession numbers are provided in the appendix attached to the main manuscript.</p> <p>DataS2.zip includes several data that are related to produce occurrence data of the Brown Shrike used in the analysis and an R code to reproduce the SDMs. Explanatory climatic variables are all available at WorldClim v.1.4 (Hijmans et al., 2005), which are processed in the R code.</p> <p>DataS3.zip includes migratory route analyses using light-level geolocator data are available as the original light-level data and R codes. Sensitivity analyses were also conducted in these analyses, but their codes and results are seperately provided here.</p>
Supplementary Data for "Comprehensive Phase Diagrams of MoS2 Edge Sites Using Dispersion-Corrected DFT Free Energy Calculations"
<p>MoS2 Phase Diagrams to accompany DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b02524</p>
Supplementary Material (dataset and R code) paper "Evidences of branching and blending phenomena in the pottery decoration during the dispersal of the Early Neolithic across Western Europe"
<p>Dataset and R code of the paper "Evidences of branching and blending phenomena in the pottery decoration during the dispersal of the Early Neolithic across Western Europe" published in Journal of Archaeological Sciences: Report 23, 252-264</p>
dataset for "A location and dispersion effects-based ridge analysis method using desirability functions for multi-response optimization"
<p>dataset and code for “A location and dispersion effects-based ridge analysis method using desirability functions for multi-response optimization”</p>
Quantitative assessment of the dispersal of soil-dwelling oribatid mites via rodents in restored heathlands
<p><span>1. </span><span>Heathland restoration using topsoil removal requires the re-</span><span>colonisation</span><span> of above- and belowground communities. Oribatid mites play a key role </span><span>in the comminution of organic matter and are frequently early colonizers during succession despite their limited mobility. Whereas the assembly of their communities may take decades, passive dispersal likely dominates </span><span>colonisation</span><span> processes, but especially dispersal via other animals (phoresy) remains poorly studied. Compared to other potential hosts, movement habits and ecology of small rodents may provide dispersal advantages to oribatid communities.</span></p> <p><span>2. </span><span>We studied dispersal of oribatid mites via </span><span>small rodents </span><span>in restored heathland sites of different age</span><span>. </span><span>We measured movement patterns of small rodents and extracted mites from their pelts and nests </span><span>to </span><span>estimate annual contributions of these rodents to the dispersal of oribatids. We also discussed phoretic estimates reported on other host groups as a reference. </span></p> <p><span>3. </span><span>Probability estimates of oribatids in pelts and nests showed lower occurrence frequencies compared to other reported phoretic hosts. However, local rodent communities may aid the dispersal of up to 41,000 oribatid mites per year. We highlight the high diversity of oribatid species mounting rodents, unlike strong species-specific filters reported in other passive pathways. We found that over half (58%) of the oribatid species reproduced asexually and over a third (34%) had a soil-dwelling lifestyle. We also observed that rodents often travel short distances below 40m, but occasionally reach distances of up to 100m, especially in</span><span> earlier successional stages. </span></p> <p><span>4. </span><span>Synthesis and applications. </span><span>Our results suggest that rodents may contribute to assembly processes of soil-dwelling oribatid communities given the slow turnover rate of this group in heathlands. This is accomplished through short-distance dispersal, and especially in sites at early stages of succession. To our knowledge, we are the first to quantitatively assess the potential dispersal of oribatid mites via rodents. </span></p>
Data from: Density-dependent dispersal strategy of pollinator moderates the adverse effect of habitat loss on plant reproduction
<p><span>1. </span><span>Major challenges for plant conservation are predicting the effect of habitat loss on pollination success and plant reproduction </span><span>potential</span><span>. Most studies report that pollinator movement is affected by quantitative and spatial characteristics of landscapes. However, little is known about the role of pollinator movement, impacted by floral volatiles and intraspecies interaction, on plant reproduction in fragmented landscapes.</span></p> <p><span>2. </span><span>To clarify the effect of pollinator movement on plant reproduction </span><span>relative to </span><span>habitat loss, we developed an integrated model incorporating pollinator's foraging response with its </span><span>dispersal</span> <span>process mediated by a density-dependent dispersal (DDD) strategy</span><span>.</span> <span>This model</span> <span>performed better in capturing behaviorals response of pollinators than do current methods. The integrated model was verified with field results of pollinator visitation and plant reproduction of saltcedar (<em>Tamarix</em> <em>chinensis</em>) inhabiting the Yellow River Delta, and then was compared against a dispersal strategy called density-independent dispersal (DID). The model was applied to landscapes with various non-habitat percentage (<em>NHP</em>) to explore the effect of habitat loss on plant reproduction.</span></p> <p><span>3. </span><span>Results suggested that saltcedar populations differ in their responses to habitat loss, which depended on the spatial scales considered. At landscape scale, increasing <em>NHP</em> significantly inhibited the dispersion extent of floral volatiles and therefore reduced pollinator visitation and subsequent seed production, especially when <em>NHP</em> exceeded the critical threshold of 0.6.</span> <span>However, at patch scale, comparing with DID strategy, the DDD strategy enabled pollinators to increase their utilization of flowers by 43.42% and 6.79% in low-density and distant plant patches, whereas their utilization was reduced by 7.75% and 2.24% in high-density and central patches, respectively. </span><span>Plant reproduction was improved correspondingly</span> <span>in low-density and distant patches under different <em>NHP</em>s.</span></p> <p><span>4. </span><span>Consequently, habitat loss inhibits the volatiles dispersion and interferes with the foraging success of pollinators, a major factor influencing plant reproduction at landscape scale. At patch scale, adaptive utilization of pollinators exhibiting DDD strategy alleviates the negative effect of habitat loss on plant production and maintains plant population persistence. Since pollinator behavioral response is critical to plant reproduction, we recommend the use of the here-presented integrated model to assess the impact of habitat loss on plant reproduction.</span></p>
Dataset of CCFs, dispersion data, synthetic ambient noise data, and rupture simulation data in the Anninghe study
<p>This is the main dataset supporting the Anninghe paper.</p> <p>sta.loc represents the station list file.<br> 3DVelocityModel folder contains the final velocity model file Anninghe_Vs3D.dat.<br> CCFs_Original folder contains the original CCFs obtained from the Anninghe array.<br> CCFs_Separated folder contains the CCFs after model separation. In CCFs_Separated folder, the merge folder is the final average CCFs used for later tomography.<br> DisperData folder contains the seimiautopicked dispersion data from the separated CCFs.<br> RuptureSimulation folder contains the rupture simulation data in the paper.<br> SynNoiseData folder contains the CCFs calculated from synthetic ambient noise data.<br> </p>
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.