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18,658 results for “impacts”
A Study for Dose Impact of MCR Operators in Nuclear Power Plants Under ICRP 30 and ICRP 60
<p>Impact evaluation on tritium in Korean heavy water reactor was performed. The purpose of this study is to find the dose suitability for Tritium, Iodine, Xe and Kr. Another purpose is to find the contribution of Tritium during NPP operator's dose in Main Control Room of Design Basic Accident of NPP.</p> <p>In this study, DCF (Dose Conversion Factor) is ICRP 30 and ICRP 60. From this condition, some sensitivity analysis is carried out by simulation code RADTRAD 3.03 and ARCON96. These codes are approved from US NRC for the safety analysis of Nuclear Power Plants.</p> <p>Analysis condition is under considering the core coolant pipe break of Heavy Water Reactor. In order to recover the NPP state, some operator operation is carried out by the signal of DBA.</p> <p>In this moment, the operators reside in MCR (Main Control Room) against the DBA to response the NPP States. RADTRAD 3.03 simulates the accident of NPP and ARCON96 simulates the diffusion of fission products. MCR operator's dose effects are different between ICRP 30 and ICRP 60.</p> <p>Noble gas is reduced in dose calculation and Tritium contribution is very small in dose effects. In the effect of tritium, it had an effect of less than 1% comparing with external dose and less than 2% comparing with internal dose. In this study, every calculation is carried out by assumption of no deposition of fission products on the wall surface, pipe and concrete. This conservation increase the TEDE of Tritium, Noble gas (Xe and Kr) and Iodine.</p> <p>Otherwise, in condition of deposition coefficient 0.01, RADTRAD's calculation results make 5~10% reduction of TEDE. In ICRP 60, I suggest that ICRP60's radio nuclides deposition should be studied in concrete material, metal pipe material, structure material and so on. Exact deposition coefficient allow the accurate and optimized TEDE dose calculations to be performed.</p>
Impact of New Developments in the Commissioning of Operational Radiation Protección in Compact Proton Therapy Centers (CPTC)
<p>Proton therapy is in continuous ever evolving to improve its performance. Some prominent current trends involve cutting-edge delivery methods or building compact proton centers. New developments have a direct impact in radiation protection of proton facilities and actions should be developed continuously with the aim that new centers meet all the requirements. The study of radiological protection in multi-room centers has been widely studied elsewhere, however, compact centers have specific features that pose a challenge in radiation protection, and the present work suggest different contributions to the body of knowledge in these compact facilities. Compact Proton Therapy Centers (CPTC) act out latest advances in particles: Usually have one single room, small footprint and a standard configuration, higher radiation density (Sv/m<sup>2</sup>), using the most advanced equipment and machinery to reduce their size, the delivery mode of protons is Pencil Beam Scanning (PBS), and there is a mix of professional exposed workers (clinical and technical staff) in these centers.</p> <p>The present work is framed into the project Contributions to operational radiation protection and neutron dosimetry in compact proton therapy centers (CPTC), which is focused on assessing the impact of these innovations on the operational radiation protection and commissioning of the compact facilities. Thus, several tasks have been carried out over the last three years, as checking and evaluation of shielding, comparing ambient dose equivalent of several CPTC, analyzing activation with different types of concrete, and activation in machinery, air and water of the facility, characterizing wide range rem-meters and neutron area monitors to measure neutron fields, studying new proton delivery techniques and their neutron fields, or assessing personal dosemeters, among others. The aim of the work is to present outcomes achieved in the aforementioned areas. As a result, a commissioning process of the operational radiation protection in compact centers will be suggested, lined up with the requirements by the Spanish Regulatory Body.</p> <p>Considering topics as new methods of application of dose in development (proton arc therapy, flash-therapy with protons), new materials for barriers and shielding or recent radiation monitoring equipment, future works must be carried out to study their impact on operational radiation protection and recommendations such as ICRP Publication 127, Radiological Protection in Ion Beam Radiotherapy, should be updated periodically taking into account the new methods and technologies developed.</p>
Data in support of manuscript "Impacts of storm surge barriers on drag, mixing, and exchange flow in a partially mixed estuary" submitted to JGR-Oceans
<p>Data set in support of manuscript "Impacts of storm surge barriers on drag, mixing, and exchange flow in a partially mixed estuary" submitted to JGR-Oceans in November 2021. Matlab script (makeFigs_barDragMix_upload.m) is used to generate the figures from the manuscript. Data files (*.mat) correspond with each figure (*.png). For questions or additional information please contact D. Ralston.</p>
Impacts of gut microbial depletion on tadpole thermal physiology
<p>The goal of our study was to determine if depletion of gut microbiome diversity would alter host thermal tolerance in a vertebrate ectotherm. We raised laboratory-reared tadpoles of the green frog in two microbial colonization treatments: colonized and depleted. Colonized tadpoles were raised in natural pond water to provide a rich source of microbiota for colonization of the gut, and depleted tadpoles were raised in autoclaved pond water to reduce this source of microbiota. We then performed a suite of experiments to test for differences in thermal physiology between groups. In our first experiment we tested tadpole acute thermal tolerance (critical thermal minimum and maximum). We verified our results in a second set of tadpoles and then tested tadpole survival under heat stress and thermal sensitivity of locomotion performance. Lastly, we tested for differences in physiological traits at lower levels of biological organization to identify putative mechanisms behind our results including mitochondrial enzyme activities, phospholipid membrane composition, and whole-organism metabolic rate.</p>
Impact of Community Masking on COVID-19: A Cluster-Randomized Trial in Bangladesh
<p>We ran a randomized trial of mask promotion in Bangladesh; the intervention increased mask-use and reduced symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections.</p>
The stabilising impact of natural selection on the allometry of sexual ornaments: Fish that escape locomotor constraints exhibit extravagant ornamentation
<p>1. Positive allometry has been considered a hallmark of sexual selection whereby larger males of superior condition develop disproportionately larger ornaments for their body size compared to smaller males of poorer condition.</p> <p>2. Yet many structures known to be sexually selected often exhibit other allometric patterns. This has led to controversy over the utility of allometry in adequately capturing the signature of sexual selection, particularly if static (within population) and evolutionary (across species) allometries are functionally constrained by stabilising natural selection.</p> <p>3. To investigate this, we evaluated the allometries of ornamental head crests and dorsal fins across multiple species of blenny fish. In particular, we compared species that occupied an aquatic environment—where swimming performance was expected to have constrained ornament size—with species that have transitioned onto land where such biomechanical constraints on ornament size have been removed.</p> <p>4. Static allometries of both head crest and dorsal fin ornaments were found to be positive in males, but less so in females, across all species examined. This was consistent with the allometric theory of sexual selection that predicts positive allometry specifically in male ornamentation. Nevertheless, male allometric slopes were constrained in aquatic species whereas males of terrestrial species were free to exaggerate the size of their ornaments. Natural selection therefore appears to suppress ornament size in aquatics because of the biomechanical constraints associated with swimming. These differences in within-population static allometry between aquatic and terrestrial species in turn manifested in a greater across-species evolutionary allometric intercept, but not slope, for terrestrial species relative to aquatic and species.</p> <p>5. These findings indicate that the study of ornament allometries can provide useful insights into the role of sexual selection on ornament elaboration and also help reveal the presence of opposing natural selection that might result in alternative allometric patterns. The relationship between static and evolutionary allometries remains complex, and our results caution against the interpretation of evolutionary allometry in the absence of a clear understanding of the underlying static allometries associated with it.</p>
Evidence of an internal model of friction when controlling kinetic energy at impact to slide an object along a surface toward a target
<p>This repository contains zip files for data (Data.zip) and Matlab functions library (Library.zip), and the Matlab script (Matlab_Script_for_Cumputed_data.m) used in the Famié et al PLOSONE study. In addition, the <em>README FIRST MATLAB program.pdf</em> file explains the Matlab code and data organization. </p>
The impact of urbanization on body size of Barn Swallows Hirundo rustica gutturalis
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Urbanization implies a dramatic impact on ecosystems, which may lead to drastic phenotypic differences between urban and non-urban individuals. For instance, urbanization is associated with increased metabolic costs, which may constrain body size, but urbanization also leads to habitat fragmentation, which may favour increases in body mass when for instance it correlates with dispersal capacity. However, this apparent contradiction has rarely been studied. This is particularly evident in China where the urbanization process is currently occurring at an unprecedented scale. Moreover, no study has addressed this issue across large geographical areas encompassing locations in different climates. In this regard, Barn Swallows (<i>Hirundo rustica</i>) are a suitable model to study the impact of urbanization on wild animals because they are a widely distributed species tightly associated with humans. Here, we collected body mass and wing length data for 359 breeding individuals of Barn Swallow (<i>H. r. gutturalis</i>) from 128 sites showing different levels of urbanization around the whole China. Using a set of linear mixed-effects models, we assessed how urbanization and geography influenced body size measured using body mass, wing length and their regression residuals. Interestingly, we found that the impact of urbanization was sex-dependent, negatively affecting males' body mass, its regression residuals, and females' wing length. We also found that northern and western individuals were larger, regarding both body mass and wing length, than southern and eastern individuals. Females were heavier than males, yet males had slightly longer wings than females. Overall, our results showed that body mass of males was particularly sensitive trait to urbanization, latitude and longitude, while it only showed a weak response to latitude in females. Conversely, while wing length showed a similar geographical pattern, it was only affected by urbanization in the case of females. Further research is needed to determine if these phenotypic differences are associated with negative effects of urbanization or potential selective advantages.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Numerical simulations of Apollo S-IVB artificial impacts on the Moon
<p>Data set used in producing plots and data analysis in the paper Numerical simulations of Apollo S-IVB artificial impacts on the Moon, submitted to the ESS.</p> <p>Includes also input files for running simulations described in the paper.</p>
Supporting data for "Understanding the impact of precipitation kinetics on the electrochemical performance of lithium–sulfur batteries by operando X-ray diffraction"
<p>This is the dataset of electrochemical and operando X-ray diffraction measurements for our publication "Understanding the impact of precipitation kinetics on the electrochemical performance of lithium–sulfur batteries by operando X-ray diffraction". This archive contains the raw data and scripts written in R used in the analysis and presentation of the results in this manuscript.</p> <p>Abstract of the manuscript:</p> <p>The complex reaction mechanism of the lithium–sulfur battery system consists of repetitive dissolution and precipitation of the sulfur-containing species in the positive electrode. In particular, the precipitation of lithium sulfide (Li<sub>2</sub>S) during discharge has been considered a crucial factor for obtaining a high degree of active material utilization. Here, the influence of electrolyte amount, electrode thickness, applied current and electrolyte salt on the formation of Li<sub>2</sub>S is systematically investigated in a series of operando X-ray diffraction experiments. Through a combination of simultaneous diffraction and resistance measurements, the evolution of Li<sub>2</sub>S is directly correlated to the variation in internal resistance and transport properties inside the positive electrode. The correlation indicates that at different stages, the Li<sub>2</sub>S precipitation both facilitates and impedes the discharge process. This information on the kinetics of Li<sub>2</sub>S formation offers mechanistic explanations for the strong impact of different electrochemical cell parameters on the cell performance and thus, directions for holistic optimizations to achieve high sulfur utilization.</p> <p> </p>
Attitudes Toward and Impacts of Free-roaming Dogs in Madagascar
<p>Free-roaming domesticated dogs interact with humans and wildlife in ways that can exacerbate or mitigate existing conflict. Dogs are known to predate wildlife as well as domestic livestock which contributes to increasing human-wildlife conflict. However, dogs can also mitigate conflict by protecting livestock from native predators or killing invasive pest species. Because attitudes toward dogs vary greatly, conflict often arises between humans over how to manage free-roaming dogs.</p> <p>We conducted surveys to assess attitudes toward domesticated dogs, behavior of dogs, and impacts on domestic and wild species. Dog owners who accessed Mad Dog Initiative's mobile vaccination clinics between 2014 and 2019 were asked to participate in the survey. Mobile clinic sites were located in communities surrounding Andasibe-Mantadia and Ranomafana National Parks in eastern Madagascar.</p> <p>We found that people were generally favorable toward spay/neuter options. Over 40% of participants reported that their dogs had killed wildlife and livestock predation by dogs was also common. There was high spatial variation in human attitudes, dog behavior, and predation rates.</p>
Data repository for "Lockdown impact on age-specific contact patterns and behaviours, France, April 2020"
<p>Aggregated contact matrices associated with the publication "Lockdown impact on age-specific contact patterns and behaviours, France, April 2020" . </p> <p> </p>
Fig. 1 in Impact Of Coastal Wetland Restoration Strategies In The Chongming Dongtan Wetlands, China: Waterbird Community Composition As An Indicator
Fig. 1. Locationofthestudysites (A–D).
Fig. 1 in Waterbird Distribution Patterns And Environmentally Impacted Factors In Reclaimed Coastal Wetlands Of The Eastern End Of Nanhui County, Shanghai, China
Fig. 1. LocationofstudysitesinNanhuiCounty, Shanghai.
Impact of synthesis routes of metal-oxide photoanodes on the oxygen evolution reaction kinetics
<p>Reducir las emisiones de CO2 es fundamental en la lucha contra el cambio climático y para ello, el uso y almacenamiento de energías renovables juega un papel importante. La fotosíntesis artificial, inspirados en la fotosíntesis natural, ha surgido como una de las soluciones más prometedoras para lograr este propósito. Tal y como lo hace una planta, esta tecnología apunta a almacenar energías alternativas, como la solar, eólica, geotérmica, etc., en forma de combustibles o enlaces químicos, como el hidrógeno verde, a través de la electrólisis de agua. Este proceso consiste en pasar una corriente eléctrica, proveniente de energías renovables, desde el cátodo hasta el ánodo a través del agua. Para que este proceso sea económicamente viable, es necesario que el cátodo, donde se produce el hidrógeno verde, y el ánodo, donde se produce oxígeno, estén fabricados de catalizadores económicos, abundantes y eficientes. Dentro de este grupo de catalizadores, aquellos basados en metales de transición tienen a ser los más estudiados por su abundancia y estabilidad. Sin embargo, las reacciones de evolución de hidrógeno y oxígeno presentan una cinética lenta, de manera que entender los mecanismos de reacción de dichos catalizadores es crucial para aumentar su eficiencia. En esta charla presentaré un resumen de las acciones que Colombia esta tomado frente al cambio climático, así como los avances más recientes en la producción de hidrógeno verde. Posteriormente, enfocaré la charla en los avances en investigación que he desarrollado en conjunto con mis colaboradores. En particular, explicaré los avances en el diseño e implementación de un sistema automatizado de ‘spray coating’ para producir materiales nanoestructurados de manera económica. Así mismo, explicaré con dos ejemplos los avances para producir nanomateriales y elucidar sus mecanismos de reacción para producir hidrógeno verde en un cátodo de Cu2S y oxígeno en un ánodo de α-Fe2O3.</p>
Data for "Impact of bulk-edge coupling on observation of anyonic braiding statistics in quantum Hall interferometers"
<p>This contains the data sets for the work "Impact of bulk-edge coupling on observation of anyonic braiding statistics in quantum Hall interferometers". Data is in CVS format. </p>
FIGURE 3 in Evaluation of three pesticides against phytophagous mites and their impact on phytoseiid predators in an eggplant open-field
FIGURE 3: General mean abundance per eggplant leaf (± SE) of Tetranychus urticae (a), Phytoseilus persimilis (b), Polyphagotarsonemus latus (c) and other phytoseiid species (d) in control, fenbutatin oxide (F.O.), acetamiprid (aceta.) and deltamethrin (delta.) treatments.
FIGURE 4 in Evaluation of three pesticides against phytophagous mites and their impact on phytoseiid predators in an eggplant open-field
FIGURE 4: Mean abundance per eggplant leaf (± SE) of Tetranychus urticae (continuous line) and Phytoseiulus persimilis (dotted line) observed during experiments in control (a) treated with water (gray arrows), fenbutatin oxide (b), acetamiprid (c) and deltamethrin (d) (black arrows).
Impact of modified caneberry trellis systems on microclimate and habitat suitability for Drosophila suzukii
<p>Caneberries are trellised to facilitate harvest and agrochemical applications as well as to improve crop yield and quality. Trellising can also increase airflow and light penetration within the canopy and affect its microclimate. We compared an experimental trellis that split the canopy into halves to standard I- and V-trellises, measuring <i>Drosophila suzukii</i> (Matsumura) fruit infestation as well as canopy temperature and relative humidity in raspberries at two commercial you-pick diversified farms. To evaluate the combined effects of trellising systems and pruning, we pruned one half of each row in blackberry plantings at two research farms and assessed <i>D. suzukii</i> infestation, canopy microclimate (temperature, relative humidity, and light intensity), fruit quality parameters (interior temperature, total soluble solids, and penetration force), and spray coverage/deposition. Trellis installation costs, labor inputs, and yield were used to further evaluate the trellis systems from an economic perspective. Fruit quality was not affected by trellising or pruning and lower total yield was observed in the experimental trellis treatment on one farm. Although <i>D. suzukii</i> infestation was only affected by trellising and pruning at one site, we observed a relationship between higher temperatures and reduced infestation on nearly all farms. Occasionally, lower relative humidity and high light intensity corresponded with lower infestation. Ultimately, the experimental trellis was less economically efficient than other trellising systems and our ability to successfully manipulate habitat favorability varied in a site-specific manner. <i>Drosophila suzukii </i>management approaches that rely upon unfavorable conditions are likely to be more effective in hot, dry regions.</p>
Modeling the economic and environmental impacts of land scarcity under deep uncertainty
<p>Code and input files for the Dolan et al. 2021 paper "Modeling the economic and environmental impacts of land scarcity under deep uncertainty"</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
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