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Figure 4 in New data on the braincase of the aetosaurian archosaur (Reptilia: Diapsida) Stagonolepis robertsoni Agassiz
Figure 4. Stagonolepis robertsoni Agassiz. Incomplete synthetic cast of natural mould of right otic region in lateral view. Photograph and explanatory diagram not to same scale. Scale bar = 20 mm lcs = surface of loop closure suture.
Figure 3 in New data on the braincase of the aetosaurian archosaur (Reptilia: Diapsida) Stagonolepis robertsoni Agassiz
Figure 3. Stagonolepis robertsoni Agassiz. Medial view of left side of braincase of MCZD 2-4. The specimen has been longitudinally fractured close to the midline, revealing the cultriform process of the parabasisphenoid and the left side of the endocranial cavity. Areas of matrix are indicated by hatching. Anterior is to the top of the figure. For scale see Fig. 1. cp = cultriform process of parabasisphenoid; ec = endocranial cavity; g = groove; hf = hypophyseal fossa; ica = path of cerebral branch of internal carotid artery into hf; l.bpt = left basipterygoid process; l.btbs = left basal tuber of parabasisphenoid; l.ls = left laterosphenoid; l.vrop = left ventral ramus of the opisthotic; mpr = median pharyngeal recess; oa = foramen, possibly for orbital artery; pbs = prow of parabasisphenoid; V = position of foramen for trigeminal nerve; VI = position of path through floor of ec for abducens nerve; VII = position of depression, possibly leading to foramen for passage of facial nerve.
Figure 1 in New data on the braincase of the aetosaurian archosaur (Reptilia: Diapsida) Stagonolepis robertsoni Agassiz
Figure 1. Stagonolepis robertsoni Agassiz. General views of left posterodorsal corner of skull and braincase of MCZD 2-4 in (from top to bottom) lateral, medial, ventral and dorsal views. o = orbit; pf = postfrontal; po = postorbital; prf = prefrontal; utf = upper temporal fenestra. Scale bar in mm.
Figure 6 in New data on the braincase of the aetosaurian archosaur (Reptilia: Diapsida) Stagonolepis robertsoni Agassiz
Figure 6. Summary of hypothesis of suchian braincase evolution, based on phylogeny presented in Fig. 5B and morphological and phylogenetic evidence presented in text. Key caveats include the omission of ornithosuchians and Gracilisuchus stipanicicorum from consideration. Schematic figures depict the left otic region in lateral view. Some proposed braincase synapomorphies are shown on some branches – for a broader context and consideration of more characters, see Gower (2002b). Sphenosuchus redrawn from Walker (1990), Crocodylus redrawn from Gower & Weber (1998). For Crocodylus, only the detail of the ventral ramus of the opisthotic is shown. The metotic foramen does not exist because the metotic fissure is subdivided so that the external foramina for the vagus nerve (X) lies far posterior to the ventral ramus of the opisthotic. External foramina for the hypoglossal nerve (XII) are indicated by solid black dots. cr = cochlear recess; lcs = loop closure suture of ventral ramus of the opisthotic; pr = prootic. Diagrams not drawn to scale.
Figure 4 in New data on the Cainotheriidae (Mammalia, Artiodactyla) from the early Oligocene of south-western France
Figure 4. Caenomeryx cf. procommunis. A & B, occlusal view. A, right P2/-P3/ (PCT 420). B, left P/2-M/2 (PCT 951). C. filholi. C & D, occlusal view. C, left P2/-P4/ (PCT 417). D, left P/2-M/1 (PCT 933). Cainotherium sp. E, left P2/-M3/ (PCT 416). Scale bar = 1 mm.
Figure 5 in New data on the Cainotheriidae (Mammalia, Artiodactyla) from the early Oligocene of south-western France
Figure 5. Chronological extension of the early Oligocene Cainotheriidae lineages. MP: Mammalian Palaeogene reference levels from Schmidt-Kittler (1987). Numerical ages follow Odin (1994).
Figure 8 in Avian brain evolution: new data from Palaeogene birds (Lower Eocene) from England
Figure 8. Virtual endocranial cast of Phaethon rubricauda showing close morphological similarity to Prophaethon shrubsolei. A, left lateral and B, dorsal aspects. Note the absence of a vallecula and presence of well-marked impressions of the fissura cerebelli. Virtual endocranial cast reconstructed from publicly available data at http://www.digimorph.org/ specimens/Phaethon_rubricauda_melanorhynchos/ using MIMICS 8.13. See text for list of anatomical abbreviations.
Figure 3 in Avian brain evolution: new data from Palaeogene birds (Lower Eocene) from England
Figure 3. Virtual endocast of Odontopteryx toliapica in A, dorsal; B, rostral, and C, left lateral views. See text for list of anatomical abbreviations.
Figure 10 in Avian brain evolution: new data from Palaeogene birds (Lower Eocene) from England
Figure 10. Relative size of brain regions in selected modern bird species. A, B; pigeon (Columbia livia; Columbiiformes) in A, dorsal, and B, right lateral views. The wide rostrally positioned eminentia sagittalis with poor dorsal expansion is among the poorest developed in living birds. C, D; woodcock (Scolopax rusticola; Charadriiformes) in C, dorsal, and D, right lateral views. Note caudally positioned wide eminentia sagittalis with moderate dorsal expansion and moderate tectum mesencephali. E, F; tawny owl (Strix aluco; Strigiformes) in E, dorsal and F, right lateral views. Note the exceptionally well-developed (dorsally and laterally) rostral eminentia sagittalis, comparatively small cerebellum and moderately sized tectum mesencephali. G, H; macaw (Ara sp.; Psittaciformes) in G, dorsal and H, lateral views. Psittaciform brains are characterized by great lateral expansion of a caudally positioned eminentia sagittalis, and a very large telencephalon relative to the size of the cerebellum. The tectum mesencephali is particularly small relative to the telencephalon. I, J; raven (Corvus corax; Passeriformes) in I, dorsal and J, lateral views. The large, wide and dorsally well-developed rostrally positioned eminentia sagittalis of Passeriformes is exemplified in brains of Corvidae. The cerebellum is small relative to the exceptionally well-developed telencephalon. Of the species figured here, the charadriiform (Scolopax) (C, D) is typical in possessing the largest bulbus olfactorius. A, B adapted from Dubbeldam (1998); C, J adapted from Stingelin (1957). See text for abbreviations.
Figure 6 in Avian brain evolution: new data from Palaeogene birds (Lower Eocene) from England
Figure 6. Virtual endocast of Prophaethon shrubsolei in A, dorsal; B, rostral, and C, left lateral views. See text for list of anatomical abbreviations.
Figure 9 in Avian brain evolution: new data from Palaeogene birds (Lower Eocene) from England
Figure 9. Reconstruction of the left osseous labyrinth of Prophaethon shrubsolei in A, rostral; B, lateral; C, caudal, and D, medial views. See text for list of anatomical abbreviations.
Figure 5 in Avian brain evolution: new data from Palaeogene birds (Lower Eocene) from England
Figure 5. Reconstruction of the left osseous labyrinth of Odontopteryx toliapica in A, rostral; B, lateral; C, caudal, and D, medial views. See text for list of anatomical abbreviations.
Figure 2 in Avian brain evolution: new data from Palaeogene birds (Lower Eocene) from England
Figure 2. Transparent computed tomographic (CT) segmentation of two Lower Eocene skulls in right lateral views, revealing the virtual endocasts of the brain and osseous labyrinth. Compare positions of the canalis semicircularis horizontali indicating the in vivo alert head positions. A, Odontopteryx toliapica; all sutures are fully obliterated except that between the frontals and parietals. B, Prophaethon shrubsolei.
Data from: Molecular and morphological evidence reveals a new species of Antiphytum (Echiochiloideae, Boraginaceae) from Guerrero, Mexico
<p>Molecular and morphological evidence supports a new species in the genus <i>Antiphytum</i> from the Sierra Madre del Sur, in the state of Guerrero, Mexico, here described as <b><i>A. brevicalyx</i></b>. This species is unique in the genus by possessing a calyx shorter than the corolla tube at anthesis; it is similar to <i>A. floribundum</i> in inflorescence arrangement, but differs from that species in lacking a basal leaf rosette and having appendages on the corolla throat. According to phylogenetic analysis of nuclear ITS and plastid <i>ndhF-rpl32 </i>sequences representing seven of the eight North American species of the genus besides the proposed new species, accessions of <i>A. brevicalyx<b> </b></i>form a well-defined clade within <i>Antiphytum</i>, corroborating its distinctive morphology. However, the analyses do not resolve the phylogenetic position of <i>A. brevicalyx </i>within the genus.</p>
Data from: Dinosaurian survivorship schedules revisited: new insights from an age-structured population model
<p>Little is known on dinosaur population biology due to insufficient information on age-dependent fecundities and mortalities. So far, survivorship curves (hereafter SC) of only six dinosaurs (four tyrannosaurs, one ceratopsian, one hadrosaur) were erected from bone assemblages of aged specimens. They indicate high survival throughout most of their life with presumable higher mortalities after hatching and increasing mortalities towards its end. However, all studies ignored that assemblages must preserve stationary age distributions (i.e., the population's age distribution is stable and its size is constant over time as overall population fecundities match mortalities, hereafter SAD population) to infer a reliable SC for a taxon.</p> <p>To assess SCs of these dinosaurs, I built a simple population model with age-dependent fecundities and survival rates. Its few input parameters are maximum longevity, age at sexual maturation and maximum annual offspring number, on which information exists in these dinosaurs. As bone histological studies and scaling relationships provide estimates on its three parameters, my model is also applicable to other extinct taxa.</p> <p> Modelling suggests that bone assemblages did not preserve SAD populations. SCs determined for SAD populations of <i>Albertosaurus sarcophagus</i>,<i> Gorgosaurus libratus</i>, <i>Dasplatosaurus torosus</i> and <i>Tyrannosaurus rex</i> indicated that low mortalities follow high mortalities early in their life or that mortalities were rather constant throughout their life. In <i>Psittacosaurus lujiatuensis</i> modelling suggests low mortalities throughout most of its life that increase towards its end. The SC of <i>Maiasaura peeblesorum</i> was not questioned by my model as it is unable to capture sigmoidal or other composite SCs.</p>
FIG. 1 in New data on the distribution of the two mole species Talpa aquitania Nicolas, Matinez-Vargas & Hugot, 2017 and T. europaea Linnaeus, 1758 in France based on museum and newly collected specimens
FIG. 1. — Map of the distribution of Talpa aquitania Nicolas, Martínez-Vargas & Hugot, 2017 (◼) and T. europaea Linnaeus, 1758 (▲) in France based on 1058 verified species records. The Loire River is indicated in blue, and department boundaries are in black.
Figs 27-38 in New data on the genus Pycnoscelus Scudder, 1862 with the description of P. schwendingeri sp. nov. (Blaberidae: Pycnoscelinae)
Figs 27-38. Pycnoscelus striatus (Kirby, 1903), male from Batu Caves. (27) Facial part of head. (28) Pronotum, dorsal view. (29) Right fore leg seen from anterior (below). (30) Abdominal apex, dorsal view. (31) Hypandrium, ventral view. (32) Caudal part of hypandrium, dorsal view. (33) Right phallomere, dorsal view. (34) Caudal part of sclerite L2D, lateral view. (35) Sclerite L2D, dorsal view. (36) Sclerites L3 and L4U, dorsal view. (37-38) Apex of sclerite L3. Dotted areas show membranous parts. Abbreviations: ap.scl., b.L2D, b.L3, c.p.R1T, d.o., f.s., h., L4U, par., R2, R3, R4, R5, s.t. - see paragraph "abbreviation used in figures"; VIII, IX, X - abdominal tergites VIII-X; for details see text. Scale bars 1 mm: a: 27, b: 28, c: 29, d: 30, 32, e: 31, f: 33, g: 34-35, 37-38, h: 36.
Figs 12-26 in New data on the genus Pycnoscelus Scudder, 1862 with the description of P. schwendingeri sp. nov. (Blaberidae: Pycnoscelinae)
Figs 12-26. Pycnoscelus schwendingeri sp. nov., male holotype. (12) Facial part of head. (13) Pronotum, dorsal view. (14) Right fore leg seen from anterior (below). (15) Hind tarsus, anterior view. (16) Abdominal apex, dorsal view. (17) Paraprocts and adjacent structures, ventral view. (18) Eighth abdominal sternite, ventral view. (19) Hypandrium, ventral view. (20) Hypandrium and genitalia, dorsal view. (21) Right phallomere, dorsal view. (22) Sclerite R3, ventral view. (23) Caudal part of sclerite L2D, lateral view. (24) Sclerite L2D, dorsal view. (25) Sclerites L3 and L4U, dorsal view. (26) Apex of sclerite L3. Dotted areas show membranous parts. Abbreviations: ap.scl., b.L2D, c.p.R1T, d.o., f.s., h., L4U, par., R2, R3, R4, s.t. - see paragraph "abbreviation used in figures"; for details see text. Scale bars 1 mm: a: 12, b: 13, c: 14, d: 15, e: 16-17, f: 18, g: 19, h: 20, i: 21-24, j: 25, k: 26.
Figs 6-11 in New data on the genus Pycnoscelus Scudder, 1862 with the description of P. schwendingeri sp. nov. (Blaberidae: Pycnoscelinae)
Figs 6-11. Photos of males of Pycnoscelus schwendingeri sp. nov. (6-7: holotype) and P. striatus (Kirby, 1903) (8-11: specimen from Batu Caves). (6, 8) General view from above. (7, 9) General view from below. (10) Abdominal apex, dorsal view. (11) Same, ventral view. Stylus in Figs 10-11 in everted state. Scale bars 10 mm: a: 6, b: 8. Other photos not to scale.
Figs 1-5 in New data on the genus Pycnoscelus Scudder, 1862 with the description of P. schwendingeri sp. nov. (Blaberidae: Pycnoscelinae)
Figs 1-5. Pycnoscelus surinamensis (Linnaeus, 1758), female. (1) Abdominal apex, dorsal view. (2) Genital plate, ventral view. (3) Ovipositor and adjacent structures, ventral view. (4) Ovipositor, ventral view. (5) Basal part of ovipositor, dorsal view. Dotted areas show membranous parts, except for valves of ovipositor in Figs 3-4. Abbreviations: aa., bsv., Cer., gg., par., pl., teVIII., teIX., v.I., v.II., v.III., vs. - see paragraph "abbreviation used in figures"; VIII, IX, X - abdominal tergites VIII-X; for details see text. Scale bars 1 mm: a: 1, b: 2, c: 3, d: 4-5.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.