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Figure 12 in Second specimen of the Late Cretaceous Australian sauropod dinosaur Diamantinasaurus matildae provides new anatomical information on the skull and neck of early titanosaurs

Figure 12. Diamantinasaurus matildae referred braincase (AODF 836). Three dimensional isosurface rendering of the endocast reconstructed from computed tomography scans in dorsal (A) and anterodorsal right lateral (B) views, showing incomplete anterodorsal portions of the endocast (arrows). Scale bar: 20 mm.

Figure 11 in Second specimen of the Late Cretaceous Australian sauropod dinosaur Diamantinasaurus matildae provides new anatomical information on the skull and neck of early titanosaurs

Figure 11. Diamantinasaurus matildae referred braincase (AODF 836). A–D, Three-dimensional digital reconstruction of the endocast and volume rendering of the braincase in ventral view, with the endocast opaque and the surrounding neurocranial bones semitransparent. Scale bar: 50 mm.

Figure 13 in Second specimen of the Late Cretaceous Australian sauropod dinosaur Diamantinasaurus matildae provides new anatomical information on the skull and neck of early titanosaurs

Figure 13. Diamantinasaurus matildae referred braincase (AODF 836). Two-dimensional computed tomography projections sectioned through the frontal in coronal (A–C, E), axial (D) and sagittal (F) planes. Note the increased pneumaticity (owing to the development of diverticula or sinuses) within the neurocranial bones (red arrows) and the caudal terminus of the hypophyseal fossa (blue arrows). Scale bars: 45 mm in A–F.

Figure 8 in Second specimen of the Late Cretaceous Australian sauropod dinosaur Diamantinasaurus matildae provides new anatomical information on the skull and neck of early titanosaurs

Figure 8. Diamantinasaurus matildae referred braincase (AODF 836). A–D, three-dimensional digital reconstruction of the endocast and volume rendering of the braincase in anteroventral right lateral view, with the endocast opaque and the surrounding neurocranial bones opaque to semitransparent. Scale bar: 40 mm.

Figure 9 in Second specimen of the Late Cretaceous Australian sauropod dinosaur Diamantinasaurus matildae provides new anatomical information on the skull and neck of early titanosaurs

Figure 9. Diamantinasaurus matildae referred braincase (AODF 836). A–D, Three-dimensional digital reconstruction of the endocast and volume rendering of the braincase in posteroventral right lateral view, with the endocast opaque and the surrounding neurocranial bones opaque to semitransparent. Scale bar: 40 mm.

Figure 52. A phylogeny derived from Figure 49 in On the history, osteology, and systematic position of the Wealden (Hastings group) dinosaur Hypselospinus fittoni (Iguanodontia: Styracosterna)

Figure 52. A phylogeny derived from Figure 49 calibrated, by reference to known stratigraphical ranges of individual taxa plotted, against the geological timescale. Approximate age ranges of known taxa are indicated by black rectangles, and where there are implied stratigraphical ranges these are indicated by connecting tramlines. In instances where implied divergence events have occurred and generated substantial ghost-ranges, these are indicated by cross-hatching.

Figure 10 in Second specimen of the Late Cretaceous Australian sauropod dinosaur Diamantinasaurus matildae provides new anatomical information on the skull and neck of early titanosaurs

Figure 10. Diamantinasaurus matildae referred braincase (AODF 836). A–D, Three-dimensional digital reconstruction of the endocast and volume rendering of the braincase in dorsal view, with the endocast opaque and the surrounding neurocranial bones opaque to semitransparent. Scale bar: 50 mm.

Figure 50. A tree based upon the analysis that generated Figure 48 in On the history, osteology, and systematic position of the Wealden (Hastings group) dinosaur Hypselospinus fittoni (Iguanodontia: Styracosterna)

Figure 50. A tree based upon the analysis that generated Figure 48, with particular nodes and stems named (see text for discussion/explanation). Abbreviations: CI, consistency index; RC, rescaled consistency index; RI, retention index.

Figure 48 in On the history, osteology, and systematic position of the Wealden (Hastings group) dinosaur Hypselospinus fittoni (Iguanodontia: Styracosterna)

Figure 48. Topology of a tree generated using the taxon-character matrix scored as in Appendix 2. This tree represents a strict consensus of the three most parsimonious trees created when the matrix was analysed with character scoring unordered and without weighting. The only ambiguity concerns the internal relationships between the taxa within the subclade referred to in Figures 49–50 as 'iguanodontoids'. Statistical support: consistency index: 0.578; retention index: 0.782; rescaled consistency index: 0.452. Tree length: 313 (minimum possible: 181, maximum possible: 786).

Figure 49 in On the history, osteology, and systematic position of the Wealden (Hastings group) dinosaur Hypselospinus fittoni (Iguanodontia: Styracosterna)

Figure 49. The tree used for Sereno's (1998, 2005) stabilized ornithopod clade nomenclature. Is this a stable tree? Specific points of contention include the status of: Hypsilophodontidae (status disputed, widely regarded as paraphyletic – Butler et al., 2008), Iguanodontia (constituent taxa and topographical position of Tenontosaurus disputed – here), Camptosauridae (status and constituent taxa uncertain – McDonald, 2011), Probactrosaurus (topographical position disputed – Norman, 2002, 2004; Wang et al., 2010; Wu & Godefroit, 2012), Iguanodontidae (family status disputed and inconsistent constituent taxa – here, Norman, 2004; Wu & Godefroit, 2012), Hadrosauriformes (constituent taxa disputed – here, Norman, 2004; McDonald, Barrett & Chapman, 2010a), Hadrosauroidea (topographical position of Ouranosaurus disputed – Norman, 2004; McDonald, Barrett & Chapman, 2010a; Wang et al., 2010; Wu & Godefroit, 2012).

Figure 46 in On the history, osteology, and systematic position of the Wealden (Hastings group) dinosaur Hypselospinus fittoni (Iguanodontia: Styracosterna)

Figure 46. Hypselospinus cf. fittoni. NHMUK R1834. Ilium (right, nearly complete). A, lateral; B, ventral view of postacetabular process; C, dorsal; D, medial. Abbreviations: ac, acetabulum; bl, abnormally truncated preacetabular process; brf, brevis fossa; fdm, flattened, narrow dorsal margin of the iliac blade; ip, ischiadic peduncle; lr, lateral ridge; mr, medial ridge; m.sc, blister-like strip of rugose tissue running parallel to the dorsal margin of the ilium; pp, pubic peduncle; prp, preacetabular process; th, dorsoventral thickening of the blister-like muscle scar. Scale bar = 10 cm.

Figure 51. A in On the history, osteology, and systematic position of the Wealden (Hastings group) dinosaur Hypselospinus fittoni (Iguanodontia: Styracosterna)

Figure 51. A tree 'adjusted' (using the MacClade 4 tree window editor) by the addition of three operational taxonomic units (Batyrosaurus, Hypselospinus, and Ouranosaurus) that lie immediately basal to the 'iguanodontoid' subclade into the stem of that subclade (compare with Fig. 49). Tree length: 316 (consistency index: 0.57; retention index: 0.78).

Figure 44 in On the history, osteology, and systematic position of the Wealden (Hastings group) dinosaur Hypselospinus fittoni (Iguanodontia: Styracosterna)

Figure 44. Hypselospinus cf. fittoni. NHMUK R1834. Dentary (left, partial). A, medial (lingual); B, lateral (labial); C, dorsal. Abbreviations: am, alveolar margin; alv, alveolar trough; dias, margin forming a diastema; ds, dentary symphysis; mgr, Meckelian groove; sa.s, surangular suture; sl, posterior 'slot-and-lip' portion of the dentary symphysis; vc, vascular channel. Scale bar = 10 cm.

Figure 43 in On the history, osteology, and systematic position of the Wealden (Hastings group) dinosaur Hypselospinus fittoni (Iguanodontia: Styracosterna)

Figure 43. Hypselospinus cf. fittoni. NHMUK R1831 (R1835). Sternal apparatus. A, external (ventral); B, internal (dorsal). Abbreviations: apr, apron area of sternal blade; con, condylar area for attachment of dorsal rib cartilage; co.s, coracoid suture; 'h', sternal handles; iso, intersternal ossification; k, midline keeled structure traversed by strands of bony tissue; lf, lateral fingers of ossified tissue; st, sternal bone. Scale bar = 10 cm.

Figure 45 in On the history, osteology, and systematic position of the Wealden (Hastings group) dinosaur Hypselospinus fittoni (Iguanodontia: Styracosterna)

Figure 45. Hypselospinus cf. fittoni. NHMUK R1834. Vertebrae. A−C, representative dorsal centra. D, NHMUK R1635 (holotype) caudal vertebra. E, NHMUK R1834. Caudal vertebral centrum. Abbreviations: cf, chevron facet; cr, caudal rib (base of). Scale bar = 10 cm.

Figure 42 in On the history, osteology, and systematic position of the Wealden (Hastings group) dinosaur Hypselospinus fittoni (Iguanodontia: Styracosterna)

Figure 42. Hypselospinus cf. fittoni. NHMUK R1831 (R1833). Pubis (right) in lateral view. Abbreviations: ac, acetabular surface; ap, anterior ramus of the pubis; il.p, iliac peduncle; p.pu, posterior ramus of the pubis. Scale bar = 10 cm.

Figure 22 in On the history, osteology, and systematic position of the Wealden (Hastings group) dinosaur Hypselospinus fittoni (Iguanodontia: Styracosterna)

Figure 22. Hypselospinus cf. fittoni. NHMUK R604. Fourth dorsal. A, lateral; B, ventral; C, anterior. Abbreviations: dia, diapophysis; k, midline keel; par, parapophysis; poz, postzygapophysis; prz, prezygapophysis; rs, rugose surface for ligamentous attachment of the neck of the rib. Scale bar = 10 cm.

Figure 25 in On the history, osteology, and systematic position of the Wealden (Hastings group) dinosaur Hypselospinus fittoni (Iguanodontia: Styracosterna)

Figure 25. Hypselospinus cf. fittoni. NHMUK R604a. Dorsal ribs. A, right anterior; B, right middle; C, right middleposterior; D, right posterior. Abbreviations: ar, anterior curved ridge (for intercostal ligaments/muscles); cap, capitulum (rib head); n, neck of the rib; tub, tuberculum. Scale bar = 10 cm.

Figure 21 in On the history, osteology, and systematic position of the Wealden (Hastings group) dinosaur Hypselospinus fittoni (Iguanodontia: Styracosterna)

Figure 21. Hypselospinus cf. fittoni. NHMUK R604. Third dorsal. A, A1, lateral (A is a reversed image of the right side); B, ventral; C, anterior. Abbreviations: dia, diapophysis; k, midline keel; ncs, neurocentral suture; ns, neural spine; par, parapophysis; poz, postzygapophysis; prz, prezygapophysis; rs, rugose surface for ligamentous attachment of the neck of the rib. Scale bar = 10 cm.

Figure 17 in On the history, osteology, and systematic position of the Wealden (Hastings group) dinosaur Hypselospinus fittoni (Iguanodontia: Styracosterna)

Figure 17. Hypselospinus cf. fittoni (Iguanodon hollingtoniensis holotype). NHMUK R1148. (R1629). Ischium proximal portion (left). A, A1, lateral view; B, B1, medial view. Abbreviations: m.sc, muscle scars on lateral surface of shaft; obt, broken base of the obturator process; ri, prominent curved ridge that extends from the base of the obturator process to the posterior margin of the shaft distally. Hatching indicates broken and/or filled surfaces. Scale bar = 10 cm.