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FIGURE 5 in The taxonomy of the Japanese oak red scale insect, Kuwania quercus (Kuwana) (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Kuwaniidae), with a generic diagnosis, a key to species and description of a new species from California

FIGURE 5. Kuwania raygilli Wu & Gullan sp. nov., first-instar nymph. A, a pair of coeloconic sensilla; B, multilocular disc pore; C, long ventral seta; D. claw of hind leg; E, short ventral seta; F, discoidal pore; G, dorsal seta.

FIGURE 1 in The taxonomy of the Japanese oak red scale insect, Kuwania quercus (Kuwana) (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Kuwaniidae), with a generic diagnosis, a key to species and description of a new species from California

FIGURE 1. Kuwania quercus (Kuwana), adult female. A, antenna; B, a pair of coeloconic sensilla; C, small type of multilocular disc pore, showing variation in locular number; D, thoracic spiracle; E, multilocular disc pore in atrium or at opening of spiracle; F, abdominal spiracle; G, short ventral seta; H, large type of multilocular disc pore; I, discoidal pore; J, hind leg, K, knobbed seta; L. long ventral seta; M, dorsal seta.

FIGURE 4 in The taxonomy of the Japanese oak red scale insect, Kuwania quercus (Kuwana) (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Kuwaniidae), with a generic diagnosis, a key to species and description of a new species from California

FIGURE 4. Kuwania raygilli Wu & Gullan sp. nov., adult female. A, antenna; B, a pair of coeloconic sensilla; C, thoracic spiracle; D, short ventral seta; E, abdominal spiracle; F, large type of multilocular disc pore, showing variation in locular number; G, hind leg; H, knobbed seta; I, claw; J, long ventral seta; K. small type of multilocular disc pore, showing variation in locular number; L, dorsal seta.

FIGURE 6 in The taxonomy of the Japanese oak red scale insect, Kuwania quercus (Kuwana) (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Kuwaniidae), with a generic diagnosis, a key to species and description of a new species from California

FIGURE 6. Kuwania raygilli Wu & Gullan sp. nov., intermediate-stage female. A, conical seta; B, thoracic spiracle; C, multilocular disc pores in atrium of spiracle; D, abdominal spiracle; E, antenna; F, microduct; G. multilocular disc pores.

FIGURE 3 in The taxonomy of the Japanese oak red scale insect, Kuwania quercus (Kuwana) (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Kuwaniidae), with a generic diagnosis, a key to species and description of a new species from California

FIGURE 3. Kuwania quercus (Kuwana), intermediate-stage female. A, antenna; B, multilocular disc pores; C, conical seta with round tip; D, thoracic spiracle; E, multilocular disc pores in atrium of spiracle; F, abdominal spiracle.

FIGURE 7 in A new generic name, Semigothograptus, for Gothograptus? meganassa Rickards & Palmer, 2002, from the Silurian post- lundgreni Biozone recovery phase, and comparative morphology of retiolitids from the lowermost upper Homerian (upper Wenlock)

FIGURE 7. SEM pictures of nassa type genicular hoods of Gothograptus nassa Holm, 1890 and Semigothograptus meganassa (Rickards & Palmer, 2002). A – D. Semigothograptus meganassa, ZPAL G. 54 / 1, 1649.2 m, Bartoszyce IG- 1 drill core, Poland, uppermost part of dubius / nassa Biozone, A. hood of th 2 2 with marked surface bandages (arrow). B. enlargement showing pustules on parallel bandages (arrow), C. hood of th 1 2 with marked space between bandages (arrow), D. hood of th 3 2, surface bandages (arrow). E – H. Gothograptus nassa, Bartoszyce IG- 1, 1655.8 m, dubius / nassa Biozone, E. whole hood of th 3 2, irregular bandages arrowed, specimen ZPAL G. 54 / 3. F – G. enlargement of hood, ZPAL G. 54 / 9, F. showing pustules on parallel bandages (arrows), G. presenting edges of subjacent bandages (arrows). H. fragment of hood of mature specimen with thick layer of irregular bandages with distinctive pustules and parallel bandages (arrow), ZPAL G. 54 / 6.

FIGURE 6 in A new generic name, Semigothograptus, for Gothograptus? meganassa Rickards & Palmer, 2002, from the Silurian post- lundgreni Biozone recovery phase, and comparative morphology of retiolitids from the lowermost upper Homerian (upper Wenlock)

FIGURE 6. Silurian paleogeographic map with occurrences of Semigothograptus new genus. Localities and graptolite data derived from the following literature sources; 1. Northeastern Poland (Baltica): this paper. 2. United Kingdom (Avalonia): Rickards & Palmer 2002. 3. Bohemia: KozłowskāDawidziuk et al. 2001. 4. Thuringia (Saxo-Thuringia): Jaeger 1991.

FIGURE 5 in A new generic name, Semigothograptus, for Gothograptus? meganassa Rickards & Palmer, 2002, from the Silurian post- lundgreni Biozone recovery phase, and comparative morphology of retiolitids from the lowermost upper Homerian (upper Wenlock)

FIGURE 5. Stratigraphical ranges of the Semigothograptus meganassa (Rickards & Palmer, 2002) in the Homerian at United Kingdom (Rickards & Palmers 2002), Czech Republic (Kozłowska et al. 2001), Germany (Maletz 2010), and Poland (Kozłowska this paper). Abbreviations: L. Hom.—Lower Homerian, Rep.—Republic.

FIGURE 3 in A new generic name, Semigothograptus, for Gothograptus? meganassa Rickards & Palmer, 2002, from the Silurian post- lundgreni Biozone recovery phase, and comparative morphology of retiolitids from the lowermost upper Homerian (upper Wenlock)

FIGURE 3. Light photos of Semigothograptus meganassa (Rickards & Palmer, 2002), specimen broken into two parts, ZPAL G.54/2, Bartoszyce IG-1 drill core, depth 1649.2 m; A. with sediment before cleaning in HF; B–C. two sides of lower part of the fragment after cleaning in HF. Abbreviation: lat. ap. rod—lateral apertural rod.

FIGURE 4 in A new generic name, Semigothograptus, for Gothograptus? meganassa Rickards & Palmer, 2002, from the Silurian post- lundgreni Biozone recovery phase, and comparative morphology of retiolitids from the lowermost upper Homerian (upper Wenlock)

FIGURE 4. Comparison of the main structures of tubaria used in this study. A. Papiliograptus papilio Lenz & Kozłowska- Dawidziuk, 2002, Šiupyliai-69 borehole, Lithuania; B. Semigothograptus meganassa (Rickards & Palmer, 2002), ZPAL G.54/ 1, Bartoszyce IG-1 drill core, depth 1649.2 m; C-D. Gothograptus nassa Holm, 1890, C. young colony, reverse side, ZPAL G.54/4, Bartoszyce IG-1 drill core, depth 1656.8 m, D. mature colony with broken distal end, obverse side, ZPAL G.54/5, Bartoszyce IG-1 drill core, depth, 1655.8 m. Scale 1 mm for all pictures. Abbreviations: anc.—ancora, sl.—sleeve, umbr.— umbrella.

FIGURE 2 in A new generic name, Semigothograptus, for Gothograptus? meganassa Rickards & Palmer, 2002, from the Silurian post- lundgreni Biozone recovery phase, and comparative morphology of retiolitids from the lowermost upper Homerian (upper Wenlock)

FIGURE 2. Proximal ends showing ancora umbrella looping meshes of A. Gothograptus nassa Holm, 1890 early growth stage, ZPAL G.54/7, Bartoszyce IG-1 drill core, depth 1656.8 m; B. Semigothograptus meganassa (Rickards & Palmer, 2002), ZPAL G.54/1, Bartoszyce IG-1 drill core, depth 1649.2 m.

FIGURE 1 in A new generic name, Semigothograptus, for Gothograptus? meganassa Rickards & Palmer, 2002, from the Silurian post- lundgreni Biozone recovery phase, and comparative morphology of retiolitids from the lowermost upper Homerian (upper Wenlock)

FIGURE 1. Tubaria of A–C. Gothograptus nassa Holm, 1890 and D. Semigothograptus meganassa (Rickards & Palmer, 2002) from dubius/nassa Biozone, Bartoszyce IG-1 drill core, Poland. A. Gothograptus nassa, obverse view of mature tubarium with destroyed distal end, long morphotype, ZPAL G.54/5, 1655.8 m, B. latero-ventral view of mature tubarium with appendix, short morphotype, ZPAL G.54/8, 1658.8 m, C. long appendix, ZPAL G.54/10, 1656.8 m. D. Semigothograptus meganassa, obverse view, ZPAL G.54/1, 1649.2 m, uppermost part of dubius/nassa Biozone.

FIGURE 4 in The larva of the genus Palaeosynthemis Förster, 1903 (Odonata: Anisoptera: Synthemistidae) and a generic key to the larvae of non-New Caledonian Synthemistidae

FIGURE 4. Frontal plate and right antenna, dorsal view. FIGURE 5. Mask, dorsal view. FIGURE 6. labial palps, frontal view. FIGURE 7. left pronotal epaulet. FIGURE 8. Female S9 showing the rudiments of ovipositor (exuvia), ventral view, setae figured only on left side. FIGURE 9. Male anal pyramid, a) dorsal view, b) lateral view. FIGURE 10. Female anal pyramid, a)

FIGURES 1–2 in The larva of the genus Palaeosynthemis Förster, 1903 (Odonata: Anisoptera: Synthemistidae) and a generic key to the larvae of non-New Caledonian Synthemistidae

FIGURES 1–2. photographs of last-instar larva showing the peculiar color pattern: 1) dorsal view; 2) ventral view.

FIGURE 9 in Phylogenetic relationships of the comb-footed spider subfamily Spintharinae (Araneae, Araneoidea, Theridiidae), with generic diagnoses and a key to the genera

FIGURE 9. Opisthosoma (dorsal view). A, Spintharus flavidus Ƥ; B, Stemmops orsus Ƥ; C, S. ornata Ƥ; D, Thwaitesia bracteata Ƥ.

FIGURE 7. Male pedipalp. A in Phylogenetic relationships of the comb-footed spider subfamily Spintharinae (Araneae, Araneoidea, Theridiidae), with generic diagnoses and a key to the genera

FIGURE 7. Male pedipalp. A, Steatoda grossa (left palp, ventral view, arrow = cymbial hood); B, Episinus cognatus (left palp, ventral view); C, Spintharus flavidus (left palp, ventral view, arrow = cymbial hood); D, Thwaitesia affinis (left palp, dorsal view, arrow = alveolar cavity of cymbium); E, Euryopis californica (left palp, dorsal view); F, Chrosiothes portalensis (left palp, ventral view, arrow = apex of flagellum); G, C. silvaticus (left palp, ventral view, arrow = apex of flagellum).

FIGURE 5 in Phylogenetic relationships of the comb-footed spider subfamily Spintharinae (Araneae, Araneoidea, Theridiidae), with generic diagnoses and a key to the genera

FIGURE 5. Tree from the implied weights analysis (k = 6). This topology corresponds to one of the two trees from the unweighted analysis under collapsing rule 1. Bremer support values (above) and ≥50% bootstrap values (below).

FIGURE 4 in Phylogenetic relationships of the comb-footed spider subfamily Spintharinae (Araneae, Araneoidea, Theridiidae), with generic diagnoses and a key to the genera

FIGURE 4. Tree from the implied weights analysis (k = 2, 3, 9). This topology corresponds to one of the two trees from the unweighted analysis under collapsing rule 1. Bremer support values (above) and ≥50% bootstrap values (below).

FIGURE 8 in Phylogenetic relationships of the comb-footed spider subfamily Spintharinae (Araneae, Araneoidea, Theridiidae), with generic diagnoses and a key to the genera

FIGURE 8. Opisthosoma (dorsal view). A, Chrosiothes chirica Ƥ; B, C. silvaticus Ƥ; C, C. portalensis Ƥ; D, Episinus bruneoviridis Ƥ; E, E. erythrophthalmus 3; F, E. cognatus Ƥ.

FIGURE 3 in Phylogenetic relationships of the comb-footed spider subfamily Spintharinae (Araneae, Araneoidea, Theridiidae), with generic diagnoses and a key to the genera

FIGURE 3. Tree from the successive weighting analysis with RC as character weighting function. The same topology was obtained as a strict consensus of six equally most parsimonious trees under branch collapsing rule 3, or as a single tree under branch collapsing rule 1, through PAUP. Bremer support values (above) and ≥50% bootstrap values (below) are from the unweighted analysis.