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opencc-by-4.0Nov 2023View details →

Accompanying data for "The Response of Tropical Rainfall to Idealized Small-Scale Thermal and Mechanical Forcing", by Martin Velez-Pardo and Timothy W. Cronin

Data accompanying the manuscript "The Response of Tropical Rainfall to Idealized Small-Scale Thermal and Mechanical Forcing", by Martin Velez-Pardo and Timothy W. Cronin.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2014View details →

FIGURE 17 in Systematics of the Octopleura Clade of Miconia (Melastomataceae: Miconieae) in Tropical America

FIGURE 17. Distributions of Miconia renatoi, M. sessilis, M. spiciformis, and M. variabilis.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2014View details →

FIGURE 10 in Systematics of the Octopleura Clade of Miconia (Melastomataceae: Miconieae) in Tropical America

FIGURE 10. Elevation ranges of the Octopleura clade species across their range.

dryad36/100

Decadal survival of tropical pioneer seeds in the soil seedbank is accompanied by fungal infection and dormancy release

Pioneer trees require high-light environments for successful seedling establishment. Consequently, seeds of these species often persist in the soil seed bank (SSB) for periods ranging from several weeks to decades. How they survive despite extensive pressure from seed predators and soilborne pathogens remains an intriguing question. This study aims to test the hypotheses that decades-old seeds collected from the SSB in a lowland tropical forest remain viable by i) escaping infection by fungi, which are major drivers of seed mortality in tropical soils, and/or ii) maintaining high levels of seed dormancy and seed coat integrity when compared to inviable seeds. We collected seeds of Trema micrantha and Zanthoxylum ekmanii at Barro Colorado Island, Panama, from sites where adult trees previously occurred in the past 30 years. We used carbon dating to measure seed age and characterized seed coat integrity, seed dormancy, and fungal communities. Viable seeds from the SSB ranged in age from 9 to 30 years for T. micrantha, and 5 to 33 years for Z. ekmanii. We found no evidence that decades-old seeds maintain high levels of seed dormancy or seed coat integrity. Fungi were rarely detected in fresh seeds (no soil contact), but phylogenetically diverse fungi were detected often in seeds from the SSB. Although fungal infections were more commonly detected in inviable seeds than in viable seeds, a lack of differences in fungal diversity and community composition between viable and inviable seeds suggested that viable seeds are not simply excluding fungal species to survive long periods in the SSB. Synthesis: Our findings reveal the importance of a previously understudied aspect of seed survival, where the impact of seed-microbial interactions may be critical to understand long-term persistence in the SSB.

opencc-zeroNov 2023View details →

Fig. 8 in Revision of the Small Tropical Whipsnakes Previously Referred to Demansia olivacea (Gray, 1842) and Demansia torquata (Günther, 1862) (Squamata: Elapidae)

Fig. 8. Head shields and colour pattern of the head

Fig. 21 in Revision of the Small Tropical Whipsnakes Previously Referred to Demansia olivacea (Gray, 1842) and Demansia torquata (Günther, 1862) (Squamata: Elapidae)

Fig. 21. Holotype of Demansia torquata (BMNH 1946.1.17.41).

Fig. 10 in Revision of the Small Tropical Whipsnakes Previously Referred to Demansia olivacea (Gray, 1842) and Demansia torquata (Günther, 1862) (Squamata: Elapidae)

Fig. 10. Distribution of Demansia olivacea

Fig. 11 in Revision of the Small Tropical Whipsnakes Previously Referred to Demansia olivacea (Gray, 1842) and Demansia torquata (Günther, 1862) (Squamata: Elapidae)

Fig. 11. Holotype of Demansia quaesitor (NTM R16836).

Fig. 6 in Revision of the Small Tropical Whipsnakes Previously Referred to Demansia olivacea (Gray, 1842) and Demansia torquata (Günther, 1862) (Squamata: Elapidae)

Fig. 6. Head shields and colour pattern of the head and

Fig. 16 in Revision of the Small Tropical Whipsnakes Previously Referred to Demansia olivacea (Gray, 1842) and Demansia torquata (Günther, 1862) (Squamata: Elapidae)

Fig. 16. Holotype of Demansia rufescens (WAM R52747).

Fig. 4 in Revision of the Small Tropical Whipsnakes Previously Referred to Demansia olivacea (Gray, 1842) and Demansia torquata (Günther, 1862) (Squamata: Elapidae)

Fig. 4. Holotype of Demansia calodera (WAM R54992).

Fig. 9 in Revision of the Small Tropical Whipsnakes Previously Referred to Demansia olivacea (Gray, 1842) and Demansia torquata (Günther, 1862) (Squamata: Elapidae)

Fig. 9. Holotype of Elapocephalus ornaticeps (AM R31918).

Fig. 18 in Revision of the Small Tropical Whipsnakes Previously Referred to Demansia olivacea (Gray, 1842) and Demansia torquata (Günther, 1862) (Squamata: Elapidae)

Fig. 18. Holotype of Demansia shinei (NTM R6489).

Fig. 2 in Natural-Licks Use By Orangutans And Conservation Of Their Habitats In Bornean Tropical Production Forest

Fig. 2. Two pairs of females with infants drink the seepage water at a natural-lick.

Fig. 6 in Natural-Licks Use By Orangutans And Conservation Of Their Habitats In Bornean Tropical Production Forest

Fig. 6. Visitation time of each orangutan class to the naturallicks.

Fig. 4 in Natural-Licks Use By Orangutans And Conservation Of Their Habitats In Bornean Tropical Production Forest

Fig. 4. Visiting proportion of each orangutan class: flanged male, female with infant, and others.

Fig. 3 in Natural-Licks Use By Orangutans And Conservation Of Their Habitats In Bornean Tropical Production Forest

Fig. 3. Proportion of visitation frequency of top 3 species among the natural-licks.

Fig. 5 in Natural-Licks Use By Orangutans And Conservation Of Their Habitats In Bornean Tropical Production Forest

Fig. 5. Duration of the visit of each orangutan class to the naturallicks.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2023View details →

Data and code for Spaulding-Astudillo and Mitchell (2023c), "Clear-sky convergence and the origin of tropical congestus clouds"

Data and code for Spaulding-Astudillo and Mitchell (2023c), "Clear-sky convergence and the origin of tropical congestus clouds".The Python code used to create Figures 1, 3-6 and supplementary Figure 1 are included in separate directories. Within each directory, we include experimental data generated by the Reference Forward Model (RFM; Dudhia 2017) that is needed to reproduce the figures. To create the figures, run the provided code in a Jupyter notebook or from the command line. Helper functions for data processing within the figure scripts have the nomenclature ..._data.py. Note that the provided code only allows you to visualize RFM data, not produce it yourself. To do so, you must download and run RFM yourself (https://eodg.atm.ox.ac.uk/RFM/). In addition, Figure 1 requires spatio-temporally averaged data from MERRA-2, ERA5, and CloudSat/CALIPSO (Betrand et al. 2023), which we provide in pickle files. See the main text for data citations, which will allow you to access the original, non-averaged climate data. RFM data directories have the nomenclature /ctrl-..... For example, ctrl-RHmid-75-zmid-7-uniform-1 where: RHmid=75% is the relative humidity at a mid-tropospheric height zmid=7.5 km. Uniform=True indicates that the tropospheric relative humidity is constant with height. When uniform=False, the relative humidity follows a C-shaped distribution between the surface and the tropopause. The helper functions in ..._data.py allow you to read the RFM output from .asc files. The nomenclature of the RFM output files is standardized: https://eodg.atm.ox.ac.uk/RFM/.