Find research datasets worth reusing

Host traits and environment interact to drive persistence of bat populations impacted by white-nose syndrome

Emerging infectious diseases have resulted in severe population declines across diverse taxa. In some instances, despite attributes associated with high extinction risk, disease emergence and host declines are followed by host stabilization for unknown reasons. While host, pathogen, and the environment are recognized as important factors that interact to determine host-pathogen coexistence, they are often considered independently. Here, we use a translocation experiment to disentangle the role of host traits and environmental conditions in driving the persistence of remnant bat populations a decade after they declined 70-99% due to white-nose syndrome and subsequently stabilized. While survival was significantly higher than during the initial epidemic within all sites, protection from severe disease only existed within a narrow environmental space, suggesting host traits conducive to surviving disease are highly environmentally dependent. Ultimately, population persistence following pathogen invasion is the product of host-pathogen interactions that vary across a patchwork of environments.

Impacts of male-killing Spiroplasma on the metabolic rate and ectoparasite resistance capacity (endurance) of Drosophila

Ectoparasitic mites are hypothesized to horizontally transmit bacterial endosymbionts, especially male-killing Spiroplasma. In this study we test how Spiroplasma poulsonii MSRO affects fly physiology and behaviour, and potential mite interactions.

Both consumptive and non-consumptive effects of predators impact mosquito populations and have implications for disease transmission

Predator-prey interactions influence prey traits through both consumptive and non-consumptive effects, and variation in these traits can shape vector-borne disease dynamics. Meta-analysis methods were employed to generate predation effect sizes by different categories of predators and mosquito prey. This analysis showed that multiple families of aquatic predators are effective in consumptively reducing mosquito survival, and that the survival of Aedes, Anopheles, and Culex mosquitoes is negatively impacted by consumptive effects of predators. Mosquito larval size was found to play a more important role in explaining the heterogeneity of consumptive effects from predators than mosquito genus. Mosquito survival and body size were reduced by non-consumptive effects of predators, but development time was not significantly impacted. In addition, Culex vectors demonstrated predator avoidance behavior during oviposition. The results of this meta-analysis suggest that predators limit disease transmission by reducing both vector survival and vector size, and that associations between drought and human West Nile virus cases could be driven by the vector behavior of predator avoidance during oviposition. These findings are likely to be useful to infectious disease modelers who rely on vector traits as predictors of transmission.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2021View details →

Impact of Intraventricular Septal Fiber Orientation on Cardiac Electromechanical Function

Data and materials regarding the submission of the paper. See Data Availability section and https://github.com/valeryozenne/Cardiac-Structure-Database/tree/master/Article-3

Impact of model assumptions on the inference of the evolution of ectomycorrhizal symbiosis in fungi

Ectomycorrhiza (ECM) is a symbiotic relation between plant and fungi that is essential for nutrient uptake of many stand forming trees. There are two conflicting views about the evolution of ECM in fungi suggesting (1) relatively few transitions to ECM followed by reversals to non-ECM, or (2) many independent origins of ECM and no reversals. In this study, we compare these, and other, hypotheses and test the impact of different models on inference. We assembled a dataset of five marker gene sequences (nuc58, nucLSU, nucSSU, rpb1, and rpb2) and 2,174 fungal taxa covering the three subphyla: Agaricomycotina, Mucoromycotina and Pezizomycotina. The fit of different models, including models with variable rates in clades or through time, to the pattern of ECM fungal taxa was tested in a Bayesian framework, and using AIC and simulations. We find that models implementing variable rates are a better fit than models without rate shift, and that the conclusion about the relative rate between ECM and non-ECM depend largely on whether rate shifts are allowed or not. We conclude that standard constant-rate ancestral state reconstruction models are not adequate for the analysis of the evolution of ECM fungi, and may give contradictory results to more extensive analyses.

Socio-economic and environmental impacts of ants: data to support global assessments

Risk assessments are fundamental to invasive species management and are underpinned by comprehensive characterization of invasive species impacts. Our understanding of the impacts of invasive species is growing constantly, and several recently developed frameworks offer the opportunity to systematically categorize environmental and socio-economic impacts of invasive species. Invasive ants are among the most widespread and damaging invaders. We provide a global, comprehensive assessment on the impacts of ants and propose a priority list of risk species. We used the Socio-Economic Impact Classification for Alien Taxa (SEICAT), Environmental Impact Classification for Alien Taxa (EICAT) and Generic Impact Scoring System (GISS) to analyse 642 unique sources for 100 named species. This dataset includes the raw recrods on which our assessments were based, and some summary data. Other data can be found in the publication.

The impact of life stage and pigment source on the evolution of novel warning signal traits

Our understanding of how novel warning color traits evolve in natural populations is largely based on studies of reproductive stages and organisms with endogenously produced pigmentation. In these systems, genetic drift is often required for novel alleles to overcome strong purifying selection stemming from frequency-dependent predation and positive assortative mating. Here, we integrate data from field surveys, predation experiments, population genomics, and phenotypic correlations to explain the origin and maintenance of geographic variation in a diet-based larval pigmentation trait in the redheaded pine sawfly (Neodiprion lecontei), a pine-feeding hymenopteran. Although our experiments confirm that N. lecontei larvae are indeed aposematic—and therefore likely to experience frequency-dependent predation—our genomic data do not support a historical demographic scenario that would have facilitated the spread of an initially deleterious allele via drift. Additionally, significantly elevated differentiation at a known color locus suggests that geographic variation in larval color is currently maintained by selection. Together, these data suggest that the novel white morph likely spread via selection. However, white body color does not enhance aposematic displays, nor is it correlated with enhanced chemical defense or immune function. Instead, the derived white-bodied morph is disproportionately abundant on a pine species with a reduced carotenoid content relative to other pine hosts, suggesting that bottom-up selection via host plants may have driven divergence among populations. Overall, our results suggest that life stage and pigment source can have a substantial impact the evolution of novel warning signals, highlighting the need to investigate diverse aposematic taxa to develop a comprehensive understanding of color variation in nature.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2021View details →

Impairment of aversive episodic memories during Covid-19 pandemic: The impact of emotional context on memory processes

The threatening context of the COVID-19 pandemic provided a unique setting to study the effects of negative psychological symptoms on memory processes. Episodic memory is an essential function of the human being related to the ability to store and remember experiences and anticipate possible events in the future. Studying this function in this context is crucial to understand what effects the pandemic will have on the formation of episodic memories. To study this, the formation of episodic memories was evaluated by free recall, recognition, and episode order tasks for an aversive and neutral content. The results indicated that aversive episodic memory is impaired both in the free recall task and in the recognition task. Even the beneficial effect that emotional memory usually has for the episodic order was undermined as there were no differences between the neutral and aversive condition. The present work adds to the evidence that indicates that the level of activation does not modify memory processes in a linear way, which also depends on the type of recall and the characteristics of the content to be encoded.

opencc-zeroJan 2022View details →

Metabarcoding of canopy arthropods reveals negative impacts of forestry insecticides on community structure across multiple taxa

1. Insecticides used to combat outbreaks of forest defoliators can adversely affect non-target arthropods. Forest use insecticides typically suppress Lepidoptera larvae which are the keystone of the canopy community of deciduous oak forests. The abrupt removal of this dominant component of the food web could have far-reaching implications for forest ecosystems, yet it is rarely investigated in practice owing to several methodological shortcomings. The taxonomic impediment and the biased nature of arthropod sampling techniques particularly impede the assessment of insecticide impacts on diverse communities. 2. To tackle this issue, we propose an experimental approach combining pyrethrum knockdown sampling and species determination via DNA metabarcoding, using community subsampling to derive estimates of species abundances. We applied this protocol to investigate the short-term effects of the insecticides diflubenzuron (DFB) or Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (BTK) on canopy-dwelling arthropod communities in German oak woodlands. 3. Our approach allowed us to include most of the detected diversity and integrate species abundances in our analyses. By classifying arthropod species into assemblages based on their expected sensitivity rather than coarse taxonomic groupings, we could unveil substantial effects of DFB across multiple taxa five weeks after application. 4. Although strong effects on single species appear related to direct toxicity, substantial impacts of DFB on parasitoids and xylophagous beetles suggest that anti-defoliator treatments can have previously unsuspected indirect effects on some components of forest arthropod communities. The impacts of BTK on community structure were consistent with but much weaker than that of DFB. 5. Synthesis and applications. Comparing diversity patterns in the arthropod communities of sprayed and unsprayed oak canopies, our results show that selective insecticides can alter species diversity in presumably non-sensitive taxa. Even though the ecological significance of these impacts has yet to be assessed in an operational setting, their existence calls for increased regulatory scrutiny on indirect effects. As community approaches become more attainable with the rapid development of DNA metabarcoding, we suggest the inclusion of community level endpoints as regulatory requirements for the approval of forest use insecticides.

Data for Impact of Salinity Origin on Microbial Communities in Saline Springs Within the Illinois Basin, U.S.

Original data for Impact of Salinity Origin on Microbial Communities in Saline Springs Within the Illinois Basin, U.S.

Data in "Impact of microstructure on solar radiation transfer within sea ice during summer in the Arctic: A model sensitivity study"

The files contain the data of results in the paper "Impact of microstructure on solar radiation transfer within sea ice during summer in the Arctic: A model sensitivity study".

opencc-zeroJan 2022View details →

Miniaturization eliminates detectable impacts of drones on bat activity

A new way to survey wildlife populations may be possible with advancements in drones, or unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) that render aerial technology more accessible and promote surveying in inapproachable habitats. However, it remains unclear whether UAV disturbance deters animals, which would make this method inaccurate for data collection and hazardous to wildlife welfare. This study addresses the viability of UAV use for wildlife research by measuring the effects of UAV flight on acoustic bat detection and comparing bat activity in response to varying UAV models. Depending on the way UAVs effect bat detection rate, it may be possible to identify whether wildlife surveys should be done with UAVs and the drone models best suited for this purpose. The results reveal that larger and louder UAVs deterred significantly more bats, and the smallest and quietest model had no effect on bat detection. Indeed, drone noise was positively correlated with drone size, but drone size had little effect on the range of frequencies emitted. While detecting bats with small and quiet UAVs may be possible, complications still arise with acoustic detection and the species-specific effects of drone flight. The reliability of automatic identification with the acoustic detecting software is limited, as over a quarter of detections were triggered by non-bat noises yet still classified as bats (25.99%). Overall, using drones for wildlife detection should be approached with caution, as this study illustrates that some drones deter and disturb wild bats. If drones are used in wildlife habitat, consider flying smaller and quieter models, which are significantly less disturbing. Otherwise, large and loud drones will likely deter more animals and skew the results of the survey.

Dataset from paper "Weathering of plastic SODIS containers and the impact of ageing on their lifetime and disinfection efficacy"

<ul> <li>Evolution of the molar mass distribution curves for the samples of both polypropylenes for each time of weathering.</li> <li>Evolution of the Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) curves for the first melting for both polypropylenes.</li> </ul>

Surface Ocean Biogeochemistry Regulates the Impact of Anthropogenic Aerosol Fe Deposition on the Cycling of Iron and Iron Isotopes in the North Pacific

Monthly-average (year 2014) netcdf output files of NEMO/PISCES Fe isotope model experiments on the ORCA2 grid for experiments with updated iron deposition fields; "ptrc" files contain model outputs for heavy and light iron tracers, "diad" files contain diagnostic model outputs for iron uptake (of light and heavy iron), primary production (for diatoms and nanophytoplankton), and iron deposition fluxes (from dust, anthropogenic, and fire sources).

Analyzing the Impact of Undersampling on the Benchmarkingand Configuration of Evolutionary Algorithms - Dataset

This repository contains the raw data and code nessecary to reproduce the results from the paper "Analyzing the Impact of Undersampling on the Benchmarkingand Configuration of Evolutionary Algorithms" The main file is the python-notebook 'reproducibility.ipynb', which details the full process for reproduction of the results shown in the paper. The two additional .py files are included for computation which takes longer and can be parallelized. The folder 'irace_conf_static_modcma.zip' contains the verification runs: 200 independent runs of each configuration. Indexes are according to 'Irace_confs_static_modcma_v2.csv' The folder 'logs_baseline_cs.zip' contains the raw irace files on which the analysis is based. This data is taken from the following repository: de Nobel, Jacob, Vermetten, Diederick, Wang, Hao, Doerr, Carola, & Bäck, Thomas. (2021). Data and Code from: Tuning as a means of assessing the benefits of new ideas in interplay with existing algorithmic modules (1.0) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4524959

Data and analysis scripts for "Impact of grid spacing, convective parameterization and cloud microphysics in ICON simulations of a warm conveyor belt"

The data relates to the analysis of "Impact of grid spacing, convective parameterization and cloud microphysics in ICON simulations of a warm conveyor belt" and is in support and reference to the work titled as the same for a research article authored by Choudhary and Voigt. The file 'data.zip' contains different directories named as per the computations related to particular analysis as mentioned below: <table> <tbody> <tr> <td> Directory names and content inside 'data.zip' </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Name of directory </td> <td> Content </td> </tr> <tr> <td> trajectories  </td> <td> Output from run of LAGRANTO tool on regridded ICON simulations* (the input data is not provided here). The output contains computations of 'warm conveyor belt (WCB)' trajectories and different variables traced along them which are stored in different files named as outtrace1.nc and so on. The subdirectories are named as per the resolution, convection and cloud microphysics parametrization used in model setup, for e.g. '0.025convon/1m' corresponds to 2.5 km resolution with parametrized convection and 1-moment cloud microphysics. The file with name ending with 'box' corresponds to different subclasses of trajectory as described in the work.  </td> </tr> <tr> <td> dhr </td> <td> diabatic heating rate, traced along WCB and binned in pressure levels (for 1-moment cloud microphysics) </td> </tr> <tr> <td> dynamical variables </td> <td> av- absolute vorticity, pv- potential vorticity and w- vertical wind traced along WCB and binned in pressure levels (for 1-moment cloud microphysics) </td> </tr> <tr> <td> statistics </td> <td> statistics (different statistical computation of WCB parcels ascent for 1- and 2- moment cloud microphysics, details described in work) </td> </tr> <tr> <td> theta_e </td> <td> equivalent potential temperature for 2.5 km explicit convection simulation (.pkl file) for 2016.09.22 12UTC, 2016.09.23 12UTC and 2016.09.24 12UTC in files numbered 1, 2 and 3 respectively. </td> </tr> <tr> <td> ipv </td> <td> same as above but for isentropic potential vorticity </td> </tr> <tr> <td> mslp </td> <td> mslp.nc- same as above but for mean sea level pressure field  </td> </tr> <tr> <td> cyclone_track </td> <td> File name with convention 'nawdexnwp-5km-mis-0001_vladiana_cyclonepressure.nc' corresponds to file containing central mean sea level pressure of cyclone Vladiana during the simulation period for 5 km resolution with parametrized convection and 1-moment cloud microphysics.  coord_1m.npy- the coordinate/ location of cyclone Vladiana based on central mean sea level pressure  </td> </tr> <tr> <td> pte </td> <td> Pressure tendency equation (PTE) analysis. Subdirectories are named after different resolutions of simulation with 1-moment cloud microphysics and parametrized convection (except for 10, 5 and 2.5 km where convection is explicit). Further, the .npy files are named as per the different vertically integrated tendency terms of PTE equation they represent, as mentioned below: dp_dt: surface pressure dfi_dt: geopotential (upper boundary of integral) i_diab_res: diabatic heating (including residual) i_itt: virtual temperature i_tadv: temperature advection i_vmt: vertical motions </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>   *Note: The original ICON simulations which are not part of this dataset were carried out by Prof. Aiko Voigt (University of Vienna) at the Mistral High Performance Computing system of the German Climate Computing Center (DKRZ) in Hamburg, Germany. The primary data of the ICON simulations (run scripts, namelists, scripts for lateral boundary data) are published at KITopen of Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, https://doi.org/10.5445/IR/1000123695. Note that the KITopen dataset includes all simulations of \cite{svchd20}, from which a subset is analyzed here.   The file 'scripts.zip' contains two directories which is related with analysis presented in the work: 'plotting_scripts' includes script for creating different plots/ figures showcased in the work  'processing_scripts' includes computations for producing different quantities/ data that are named as described above in the table for  'data.zip'

Global Impact of Heat from Wildfire on Convection and Aerosols

Dataset of model output in the work 'Global Impact of Heat from Wildfire on Convection and Aerosols'. Dataset File List File headed with 'CTL' : model output in the CTL run with aerosols but without heat from fires 1. CTL_Aerosols.nc : output of aerosol variables in the CTL run  2. CTL_Convection_Part1.nc : part1 output of convection variables in the CTL run 3. CTL_Convection_Part2.nc : part1 output of convection variables in the CTL run File headed with 'EXP' : model output in the EXP run with both aerosols and heat from fires 1. EXP_Aerosols.nc : output of aerosol variables in the EXP run  2. EXP_Convection_Part1.nc : part1 output of convection variables in the EXP run 3. EXP_Convection_Part2.nc : part1 output of convection variables in the EXP run

Reaching articular limits can negatively impact embodiment in virtual reality

Dataset for the paper Reaching articular limits can negatively impact embodiment in virtual reality.

Impact of green clay authigenesis on element sequestration in marine settings

Supplementary Information to article "Impact of green clay authigenesis on element sequestration in marine settings", published in Nature Communications (Baldermann et al., 2022).

The indirect impact of COVID-19 on major clinical outcomes of people with Parkinson's disease or atypical parkinsonism: a cohort study. Raw data

Raw dataset of the study "The indirect impact of COVID-19 epidemic on major clinical outcomes of people with Parkinson’s disease (PD) or atypical parkinsonism: a cohort study"