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Fig. 9 in Sky island diversification in the Merodon rufus group (Diptera, Syrphidae)-recent vicariance in south-east Europe

Fig. 9 Species tree chronogram of the M. rufus group obtained in BEAST. Mean node ages were estimated using a Strict clock model and Calibrated Yule model of speciation. The numbers represent divergence time in million years ago (Mya)

Fig. 10 in Sky island diversification in the Merodon rufus group (Diptera, Syrphidae)-recent vicariance in south-east Europe

Fig. 10 Male genitalia of Merodon kozufensis Radenković et Vujić, sp. nova. a left surstyle, ventral view; b epandrium, lateral view; c hypandrium, lateral view. al—anterior surstyle lobe, mp— median part of surstyle, pl— posterior surstyle lobe, t—spines on medium part of surstyle, ce— cercus, s—lateral sclerite of aedeagus, th—thorn on thecal ridge

Fig. 8 Maximum parsimony strict-consensus tree for the concatenated 3 in Sky island diversification in the Merodon rufus group (Diptera, Syrphidae)-recent vicariance in south-east Europe

Fig. 8 Maximum parsimony strict-consensus tree for the concatenated 3′-end and 5′-end mtCOI and 28S rRNA genes. Filled circles denote unique changes and open circles non-unique changes. 72 trees, length = 1935 steps, CI = 34, RI = 64

Fig. 5 in Sky island diversification in the Merodon rufus group (Diptera, Syrphidae)-recent vicariance in south-east Europe

Fig. 5 Metaleg in female. a Merodon rufus Meigen, 1838; b M. kozufensis Radenković et Vujić, sp. nova; c M. olympius Vujić et Radenković, sp. nova

Fig. 2 in Sky island diversification in the Merodon rufus group (Diptera, Syrphidae)-recent vicariance in south-east Europe

Fig. 2 Head of Merodon olympius Vujić et Radenković, sp. nova. a, c male; b, d female; a, b lateral view; c, d anterior view. o—oral margin

Fig. 12 in Sky island diversification in the Merodon rufus group (Diptera, Syrphidae)-recent vicariance in south-east Europe

Fig. 12 Topographic map with known occurrences of the M. rufus group in Europe (black and white areas represent lower and higher elevation, respectively)

FIGURE 5 in More cautionary tales: family, generic and species synonymies of recently published taxa of ghost and mud shrimps (Decapoda: Axiidea and Gebiidea)

FIGURE 5. Paracalliax bollorei de Saint Laurent, 1979, SMF 44114, female holotype of Paracalliax stenophthalmus. A, front in dorsal vieW (A1/1–3: first to third antennular peduncular articles); B, pleomeres 5, 6, telson and left uropods in dorsal vieW. Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURE 3 in More cautionary tales: family, generic and species synonymies of recently published taxa of ghost and mud shrimps (Decapoda: Axiidea and Gebiidea)

FIGURE 3. Callianassa subterranea (Montagu, 1808). Relationship betWeen the lengths of male pleopods 1 and 2 and carapace length.

FIGURE 2 in More cautionary tales: family, generic and species synonymies of recently published taxa of ghost and mud shrimps (Decapoda: Axiidea and Gebiidea)

FIGURE 2. Callianassa subterranea (Montagu, 1808). A, NHMW 25024 (male, 2.4 mm), pleomeres 2 and 3, ventral aspect; B, NHMW 25641 (male, 4.3 mm), pleomeres 1–3, lateral aspect; C, NHMW 25023 (male, 10.3 mm), Plp2, ventral aspect. Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURE 4 in More cautionary tales: family, generic and species synonymies of recently published taxa of ghost and mud shrimps (Decapoda: Axiidea and Gebiidea)

FIGURE 4. Callianopsis mauritana (Sakai, Türkay, Beuck & FreiWald, 2015). A–E, holotype of Phaetoncalliax mauritana, F, paratype of P. mauritana, SMF 44111. A, carapace in lateral vieW; B, same in dorsal vieW; C, D, left pleopod, posterior vieW; E, same, anterior vieW; F, left and right pleopods 1 in situ, arroW points to pleuron 1 spine. Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURE 1 in More cautionary tales: family, generic and species synonymies of recently published taxa of ghost and mud shrimps (Decapoda: Axiidea and Gebiidea)

FIGURE 1. Guyanacaris caespitosa (Squires, 1979). SMF 31563, male (holotype of Neoaxius nicoyaensis). A, pleomeres 1–5 in ventral vieW; B, detail of pleopod 1 from frame in A; C, carapace in dorsal vieW (photo: S. M. Schnedl), arroWs point to spines behind cervical groove. Scale bar: A, C = 10 mm; B = 1 mm.

FIGURE 6 in More cautionary tales: family, generic and species synonymies of recently published taxa of ghost and mud shrimps (Decapoda: Axiidea and Gebiidea)

FIGURE 6. Upogebia balmaorum Ngoc-Ho, 1990. A, B, C, female holotype of Kuwaitupogebia nithyanandan, SMF 48913; D, male paratype of K. nithyanandan (3.4 mm); E, female paratype of K. nithyanandan (3.6 mm), SMF 48914; A, D, E, front, dorsal aspect; B, front, lateral aspect; C, uropods, arroW points to proXimal spine on eXopod. Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURE 7 in Six new species of Afrotropical Allodia (Diptera: Mycetophilidae): DNA barcodes indicate recent diversification with a single origin

FIGURE 7. The male terminalia of A. jaschhofi. A, left: dorsal view, right: ventral view; B, Gonostylus from inner side; C, Basal part of gonostylus. Scale bar = 1µm.

FIGURE 5 in Six new species of Afrotropical Allodia (Diptera: Mycetophilidae): DNA barcodes indicate recent diversification with a single origin

FIGURE 5. Habitus Allodia keurbosensis sp. nov. Holotype. Photo: Karsten Sund, Natural History Museum, University of Oslo.

FIGURE 2 in Six new species of Afrotropical Allodia (Diptera: Mycetophilidae): DNA barcodes indicate recent diversification with a single origin

FIGURE 2. The female terminalia of A. nyeriensis. A, Lateral view; B, Dorsal view; C, Hypogynium, ventral view. Abbreviations: ce = cerci, g ap = gonapophysis, hyp v = hypogynal valves, lab = labia, st = sternite, tg = tergite. Scale bar = 1µm.

FIGURE 4 in Six new species of Afrotropical Allodia (Diptera: Mycetophilidae): DNA barcodes indicate recent diversification with a single origin

FIGURE 4. The male terminalia of A. drakensbergensis. A, left: dorsal view, right: ventral view; B, Gonostylus from inner side; C, Basal part of gonostylus. Scale bar = 1µm.

FIGURE 1 in Six new species of Afrotropical Allodia (Diptera: Mycetophilidae): DNA barcodes indicate recent diversification with a single origin

FIGURE 1. The male terminalia of A. nyeriensis. A, Dorsal view; B, Lateral view; C, Ventral view; D, Gonostylus from inner side; E, Hypandrial lobe; F, Dorsal structures; G, Basal part of gonostylus. Abbreviations: ap = apodeme, b par = basal part, cerc = cerci, d lb = dorsal lobe, gc = gonocoxite, hyp = hypoproct, hyp lb = hypandrial lobe, i br = internal branch, m lb = median lobe, ps cerc = pseudocerci, tg 9 = tergite 9. Scale bar = 1µm.

FIGURE 3 in Six new species of Afrotropical Allodia (Diptera: Mycetophilidae): DNA barcodes indicate recent diversification with a single origin

FIGURE 3. The male terminalia of A. mazumbaiensis. A, left: dorsal view, right: ventral view; B, Gonostylus from inner side; C, Basal part of gonostylus. Scale bar = 1µm.

FIGURE 6 in Six new species of Afrotropical Allodia (Diptera: Mycetophilidae): DNA barcodes indicate recent diversification with a single origin

FIGURE 6. The male terminalia of A. keurbosensis. A, left: dorsal view, right: ventral view; B, Gonostylus from inner side; C, Basal part of gonostylus. Scale bar = 1µm.

FIGURE 11. Identification tree. Neighbor-Joining analysis involving 20 in Six new species of Afrotropical Allodia (Diptera: Mycetophilidae): DNA barcodes indicate recent diversification with a single origin

FIGURE 11. Identification tree. Neighbor-Joining analysis involving 20 CO1 sequences. Evolutionary distances were calculated using the p-distance model. Abbreviations: M = male, F = female. Sequences retrieved from BOLD (Ratasingham & Hebert 2007) are labelled with Process ID (see Appendix 1). See methods for details.