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5,510 results for “Foods”
Data for: Landscape of fear or landscape of food? Moose hunting triggers an anti-predator response in brown bears
<p><span>Hunters can affect the behavior of wildlife by inducing a landscape of fear, selecting individuals with specific traits, or by altering resource availability across the landscape. Most research investigating the influence of hunting on wildlife resource selection has focused on target species and less attention has been devoted to non-target species, such as scavengers that can be both attracted or repelled by hunting activities. We used resource selection functions to identify areas where hunters were most likely to kill moose (<em>Alces</em> <em>alces</em>) in south-central Sweden during the fall. Then, we used step-selection functions to determine whether female brown bears (<em>Ursus</em> <em>arctos</em>) selected or avoided these areas and specific resources during the moose hunting season. We found that, </span><span>during both day and nighttime</span><span>, female brown bears avoided areas where hunters were more likely to kill moose. We found evidence that resource selection by brown bears varied substantially during the fall and that some behavioral changes were consistent with disturbance associated with moose hunters. Brown bears were more likely to select concealed locations in young (i.e., regenerating) and coniferous forests and areas further away from roads during the moose hunting season. Our results suggest that brown bears react to both spatial and temporal variations in apparent risk during the fall: moose hunters create a landscape of fear and trigger an anti-predator response in a large carnivore even if bears are not specifically targeted during the moose hunting season. Such anti-predator responses might lead to indirect habitat loss and lower foraging efficiency and the resulting consequences should be considered when planning hunting seasons.</span></p>
Data for "Food demand displaced by global refugee migration1 has unequal effects on country-level water stress"
<p>Dataset associated with the paper "Food demand displaced by global refugee migration1<br> has unequal effects on country-level water stress" to appear in Nature Communications in 2023.</p>
FIG. 1 in A novel food preference in the greater short-nosed fruit bat, Cynopterus sphinx: mother-pup interaction a strategy for learning
FIG. 1. Out-flying activity of different groups of C. sphinx pups during novel food preference test. The recorded number of out-flying activity did not significantly vary between the groups of pups. Data were shown as 0 ± SEM
FIG. 2 in A novel food preference in the greater short-nosed fruit bat, Cynopterus sphinx: mother-pup interaction a strategy for learning
FIG. 2. Behavioural responses of C. sphinx pups to the novel food during preference test. Pups feeding attempts (A), and feeding bouts (B) to the known and novel fruits, pups trained with mother showed more number of feeding attempts and bouts towards the novel fruits than other group pups. Data were shown as 0 ± SEM; *** — P <0.001
Data and scripts for: "Food demand displaced by global refugee migration influences water use in already water stressed countries"
<p>Data and script for the paper "Food demand displaced by global refugee migration influences water use in already water stressed countries"</p>
Data for paper "Integration of staple perennial food crops"
<p>This is the data for data for paper: Integration of staple perennial food crops in agroforestry systems: exploring growers’ motivations, aims, and challenges of sweet chestnut (Castanea ssp.) in Germany</p>
Survey: Motivation, capability and opportunity for food safety messages
<p><strong>Background</strong></p> <p>A significant part of foodborne infections is caused by food eaten at home, and food safety messages are given to help consumers mitigate risk. The World Health Organisation (WHO) "Five Keys to Safer Food", developed about 20 years ago has been used with success worldwide to provide general advice on how to prepare food safely.</p> <p><strong>Scope and Approach</strong></p> <p>In this commentary, we discuss how food safety messages could be updated using a holistic approach built on implementation science, considering new food consumption patterns and insights from natural and social sciences. A stepwise approach for developing and evaluating food safety messages, performed in the European project SafeConsume, is presented. The top pathogen-food combinations associated with foodborne disease in Europe combined with common consumer practices were used to identify behaviours potentially leading to illness. Food safety messages were suggested and evaluated for understanding as well as capability, opportunity and motivation in an expert survey.</p> <p><strong>Key Findings and Conclusions</strong></p> <p>Overall, the food safety topics prioritised overlapped with those from WHO. The opportunity and motivation for changing behaviour, (e.g. choose pasteurised egg) were identified as important restrictions for uptake of messages. Also, the large variation in basic terminology, such as "thoroughly cooked" is a challenge. Therefore, to enhance the capability, there is a need to be very specific, without excluding other safe alternatives or making lengthy <a>explanations</a>. The food safety messages suggested by the expert group were evaluated as more likely to the implemented among domestic cooks and resulting in safer practices than corresponding WHO messages.</p>
Online survey data: Exploring the socio-economic dynamics and innovation capacities of rural food and farming microbusinesses
<p>Online survey data which, in compilation with focus group data, formed the basis for our NICRE-funded report into the socio-economic dynamics and innovation capacities of rural food and farming microbusinesses. Full report is available here: https://eprints.glos.ac.uk/11449/ </p>
Data for: Exogenous carbon turnover within the soil food web strengthens soil carbon sequestration through microbial necromass accumulation
<p>Exogenous carbon turnover within soil food web is important in determining the trade-offs between soil organic carbon (SOC) storage and carbon emission. However, it remains largely unknown how soil food web influences carbon sequestration through mediating the dual roles of microbes as decomposers and contributors, hindering our ability to develop policies for soil carbon management. Here, we conducted a 13C-labeled straw experiment to demonstrate how soil food web regulated the residing microbes to influence the soil carbon transformation and stabilization process after 11 years no-tillage. Our work demonstrated that soil fauna, as a "temporary storage container", indirectly influenced the SOC transformation processes and mediated the SOC sequestration through feeding on soil microbes. Soil biota communities acted as both drivers of and contributors to SOC cycling, with 32.0% of exogenous carbon being stabilizing in the form of microbial necromass as "new" carbon. Additionally, the proportion of mineral-associated organic carbon and particulate organic carbon showed that the "renewal effect" driven by the soil food web promoted the SOC to be more stable. Our study clearly illustrated that soil food web regulated the turnover of exogenous carbon inputs and mediated soil carbon sequestration through microbial necromass accumulation.</p>
Data for: Coping with abrasive food – diverging composition of radular teeth in two Porifera-consuming nudibranch species (Mollusca, Gastropoda)
<p><span>Molluscs forage with their radula, a chitinous membrane with teeth. Adaptations to hard or abrasive ingesta were well studied in Polyplacophora and Patellogastropoda, but for other taxa, there are large gaps in knowledge. Here, we investigated the nudibranch gastropods <em>Felimare</em> <em>picta</em> and <em>Doris</em> <em>pseudoargus</em>, both of which feed on Porifera. Tooth morphologies were documented by scanning electron microscopy and mechanical properties were tested by nanoindentation. We found that these parameters are rather similar in both species, indicating that teeth are similar in their function. To study the composition, teeth were visualized using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), to determine the degree of tanning, and analysed with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, to test the elemental composition. The emitted autofluorescence signal and the inorganic content differed between the species. This was especially prominent when studying the inner and outer tooth surfaces (leading and trailing edges). In <em>F. picta</em>, we detected high proportions of Si, whereas teeth of <em>D. pseudoargus</em> contained high amounts of Ca, which influenced the autofluorescence signal in CLSM. Employing nanoindentation, we determined high Young's modulus and hardness values for the leading edges of teeth, which relate to the Si- and Ca-content. This highlights that teeth with a similar morphology and mechanical properties can be mechanically enhanced via different chemical pathways in Nudibranchia.</span></p>
Dashboard "Communication technologies used and parameters measured in Food Supply Chains in the scientific literature"
<p>This dashboard collects information about the communication technologies used and parameters measured in several scientific papers. Data can be filtered according to different criteria:</p> <ol> <li>Year of publication of the paper.</li> <li>Main topic in which the objetive of the paper is framed within.</li> <li>Stage of the food supply chain where the study is developed.</li> <li>Product group according to the Classification of Products by Activity (CPA) of the European Union.</li> </ol> <p>This dashboard was created by Manuel Amador Cervera for the University of Deusto in the context of the Horizon 2020 project "FOODRUS". The information contained in it refers to the scientific publications outlined in the table that can be found in the "References" sheet.<br> This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research & Innovation programme under Grant Agreement no. 101000617. This dashboard is the sole responsibility of the University of Deusto, and the European Union or any user is not liable for any use that may be made of the information contained therein.</p>
Datasets for "Levelling foods for priority micronutrient value can provide more meaningful environmental footprint comparisons"
<p>Supplementary Data Tables for the article "Levelling foods for priority micronutrient value can provide more meaningful environmental footprint comparison".</p>
Data repository for "Navigating trade-offs and sustainable development pathways in the Andean water-energy-food-ecosystem nexus"
<p>Data and code supporting the research article: Navigating trade-offs and sustainable development pathways in the Andean water-energy-food-ecosystem nexus.</p>
TSOTSATable dataset: a dataset of food and its composition
<p>TSOTSATable dataset aims to be the reference Food Composition Table dataset. The current version contains tables extracted from papers published in the "Journal of Food Composition and Analysis". The tables extracted are annotated using FoodOn and Wikidata. Concerning the annotation of the scientific papers from which tables are extracted, we used Open Research Knowledge Graph, a Scholarly Knowledge Graph. The annotations involve Column Entity Annotation, Column Type Annotation, Column Property Annotation, Irrelevant Table Detection.</p>
Data and Code for the Manuscript: Aquatic insects balance growth with future supply of algal food resources
<p>Some consumers depend on the contemporaneous growth of the resources they feed on. For example, <em>Tanytarsus gracilentus</em> midges feed on algae, and because midge generation time is much longer than that of algae, midges benefit not just from the standing stock but also from the growth of algae. This implies that an intermediate consumption rate maximizes midge somatic growth: low consumption rates constrain midge growth, whereas high consumption rates reduce algae and future food abundance. In an experiment, we manipulated midge presence and initial algal abundance. We found that midges could suppress algal growth, as measured by changes in algal primary production (GPP). We also found a positive relationship between GPP and midge growth. We then fit a consumer-resource model to the experimental data, which showed the expected hump-shaped relationship between midge consumption rates and their somatic growth. In the model, projected midge growth rates were only positively associated with GPP when midge consumption was below the value that optimized midge growth. Therefore, the observed relationship between instantaneous primary production and midge growth seen in the experiment suggests that midges did not overexploit algae. This work highlights the challenges faced by consumers that depend on contemporaneously growing resources.</p>
Data for the project: Climatic impacts on the availability and transfer of chemical elements through Arctic terrestrial food-chains: a pilot study
<p>Uploaded data contain trace element concentrations measured in various biological samples collected at Zackenberg Research station (northeast Greenland) in August 2021</p> <p>Fifty (50) sample plots were visited to collect invertebrates (using pitfalls) and sample soil, vegetation, muskox feces and wool.</p> <p>The sheet PlotInfo provides information on the sample plots, which were placed using a stratified random placement procedure across 5 vegetation types and the elevational gradient</p> <p>The sheet Soil contains trace element concentrations (ppm) as well as N and C (%) measured in the soil samples across all 50 sample plots</p> <p>The sheet Vegetation contains trace element concentrations (ppm) as well as N and C (%) measured in the vegetation samples across all 50 sample plots</p> <p>The sheet Insects contains trace element concentrations (ppm) measured in the various insect groups captured in pitfall traps in 9 sample plots</p> <p>The sheet Muskox feces contains trace element concentrations (ppm) measured in the feces samples collected at all 50 sample plots</p> <p>The sheet Muskox Wool contains trace element concentrations (ppm) measured in 25 wool samples collected throughout the sampling area (not at specific sample plots).</p> <p> </p> <p>Trace element concentrations were measured at the ICP-MS platform at the Observatoirie Midi-Pyrenees, Toulouse, France</p> <p>N and C analyses were done at Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark</p> <p> </p> <p>For further information on the project, samples, methods used contact flbe@ecos.au.dk</p>
Figure 3 in The Roman snail (Gastropoda: Helicidae) is not a generalist herbivore, but shows food preferences for Urtica dioica and plant litter
Figure 3. Relationship between the average width (a and c) and height (b and d) of Helix pomatia shells per subpopulation independent of the sample date (), and for individual sample dates (●), and the average proportion of individuals feeding on (a, b) Urtica dioica, or (c, d) plant litter.
Figure 2 in The Roman snail (Gastropoda: Helicidae) is not a generalist herbivore, but shows food preferences for Urtica dioica and plant litter
Figure 2. Relationship between the average feeding height of Helix pomatia in the vegetation per subpopulation, independent of the sample date () or for individual sample dates (●), and the average proportion of individuals feeding on (a) Urtica dioica or (b) plant litter.
Figure 1 in The Roman snail (Gastropoda: Helicidae) is not a generalist herbivore, but shows food preferences for Urtica dioica and plant litter
Figure 1. Distance-based redundancy analysis db (RDA) plot showing the resemblance between Helix pomatia subpopulations based on the average diet composition of snails in different subpopulations and at different dates. Subpopulations 1–8 are indicated by different colours and symbols. Vectors are fitted for the predictor variables selected in the distance-based linear model (black: Hgt.shl, average shell height, Hgt.veg, average feeding heigh; Wdt.shl, average width of shells; Smp.day, sample day). Diet resources (in red, with: Urt.dio, Urtica dioica; litter, plant litter) with multiple correlation coefficients> 0.3 are superimposed.
FIGURE 2 in Two new neotropical species of the ectomycorrhizal gasteroid genus Calostoma (Sclerodermatineae, Boletales) used as a food source by the Ayuuk jä'äy ethnic group from Southern Mexico
FIGURE 2. Calostoma naaxtututs (a–b) and C. tooteic (c–f). a. Gasterocarp appearance (Holotype), showing color variation (in the top right corner). b) Scanning electronic microphotography showing the ornamentation pattern of spores; c–d) Gasterocarp appearance (Holotype), showing colour variation in (e). f. Scanning electronic microphotography showing the ornamentation pattern of spores; (g) Gathering of Calostoma ethnotaxa by Ayuuk jä´äy women.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.