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FIGURE 2. Strict consensus tree from the unweighted analysis. The same topology was obtained from 12 in Phylogenetic relationships of the comb-footed spider subfamily Spintharinae (Araneae, Araneoidea, Theridiidae), with generic diagnoses and a key to the genera

FIGURE 2. Strict consensus tree from the unweighted analysis. The same topology was obtained from 12 (PAUP, branch collapsing rule 3) and two (TNT, branch collapsing rule 1) equally most parsimonious trees (spintharine synapomorphies with character numbers above and character states below).

FIGURE 10 in Phylogenetic relationships of the comb-footed spider subfamily Spintharinae (Araneae, Araneoidea, Theridiidae), with generic diagnoses and a key to the genera

FIGURE 10. Opisthosoma (dorsal view). A, Thwaitesia affinis Ƥ; B, Euryopis californica Ƥ; C, Steatoda grossa 3; D, Latrodectus mactans 3.

FIGURE 6. Carapace. A in Phylogenetic relationships of the comb-footed spider subfamily Spintharinae (Araneae, Araneoidea, Theridiidae), with generic diagnoses and a key to the genera

FIGURE 6. Carapace. A, Latrodectus geometricus Ƥ (dorsal view); B, L. geometricus Ƥ (lateral view); C, Stemmops orsus Ƥ (dorsal view); D, S. orsus Ƥ (lateral view).

FIGURE 9 in Tarsal tetramery and extreme size reduction in Anillini (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechinae): the case of Typhlocharis Dieck, 1869; description of three new species and definition of a new intra-generic species group

FIGURE 9. Map of southwestern Iberian Peninsula. Black circles represent the distribution of quadridentata group: 1) T. quadridentata (Coiffait, 1969), 2) T. crespoi Serrano & Aguiar, 2008, 3) T. baeturica sp.n., 4) T. scrofa sp.n., 5) T. tetramera sp.n. Dotted lines indicate political frontiers.

FIGURE 8 in Tarsal tetramery and extreme size reduction in Anillini (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechinae): the case of Typhlocharis Dieck, 1869; description of three new species and definition of a new intra-generic species group

FIGURE 8. Comparison of pentamerous and tetramerous conditions in the tarsi of Typhlocharis. Light microscopy photographs and schematic diagrams of: A) Metatarsus with five tarsomeres in T. elenae Serrano & Aguiar, 2002. B) Metatarsus with four tarsomeres in T. baeturica sp.n. Note the fused aspect of the "fourth" tarsomere in T. baeturica sp.n. and the presence of remaining chaetotaxy in the middle region, equivalent to the distal setae of the fourth tarsomere in regular pentamerous tarsi.

FIGURE 6 in Tarsal tetramery and extreme size reduction in Anillini (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechinae): the case of Typhlocharis Dieck, 1869; description of three new species and definition of a new intra-generic species group

FIGURE 6. Typhlocharis tetramera sp.n. (A, B) Aedeagus: A) median lobe (dorsal view); B) median lobe and parameres (lateral view). C) Female genitalia (ventral view).

FIGURE 7 in Tarsal tetramery and extreme size reduction in Anillini (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechinae): the case of Typhlocharis Dieck, 1869; description of three new species and definition of a new intra-generic species group

FIGURE 7. Different types of gula in the genus Typhlocharis. Light microscopy photographs and schematic diagrams of: A) T. pacensis Zaballos & Jeanne, 1987; wide gula, approx. twice as long as wide, lateral sutures clearly visible. B) T. elenae Serrano & Aguiar, 2002; narrow gula, approx. four of five times as long as wide, lateral sutures clearly visible, subparallel. C) T. scrofa sp.n.; diffuse gula, same proportions as wide gula, but lateral sutures only visible in the proximal and distal ends, partially fused to the cephalic capsule.

FIGURE 5 in Tarsal tetramery and extreme size reduction in Anillini (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechinae): the case of Typhlocharis Dieck, 1869; description of three new species and definition of a new intra-generic species group

FIGURE 5. Typhlocharis tetramera sp.n. habitus: ventral (left half: male, right half: female) and dorsal (male) views. Abdomen not shown in dorsal view for a clearer view of elytral apex.

FIGURE 3 in Tarsal tetramery and extreme size reduction in Anillini (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechinae): the case of Typhlocharis Dieck, 1869; description of three new species and definition of a new intra-generic species group

FIGURE 3. Typhlocharis scrofa sp.n. habitus: ventral (left half: male, right half: female) and dorsal (male) views. Abdomen not shown in dorsal view for a clearer view of elytral apex.

FIGURE 4 in Tarsal tetramery and extreme size reduction in Anillini (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechinae): the case of Typhlocharis Dieck, 1869; description of three new species and definition of a new intra-generic species group

FIGURE 4. Typhlocharis scrofa sp. n. (A, B) Aedeagus: A) median lobe (dorsal view); B) median lobe and parameres (lateral view). C) Female genitalia (ventral view).

FIGURE 1 in Tarsal tetramery and extreme size reduction in Anillini (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechinae): the case of Typhlocharis Dieck, 1869; description of three new species and definition of a new intra-generic species group

FIGURE 1. Typhlocharis baeturica sp.n. –habitus: ventral (left half: male, right half: female) and dorsal (male) views. Abdomen not shown in dorsal view for a clearer view of elytral apex.

FIGURE 2 in Tarsal tetramery and extreme size reduction in Anillini (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechinae): the case of Typhlocharis Dieck, 1869; description of three new species and definition of a new intra-generic species group

FIGURE 2. Typhlocharis baeturica sp.n. (A, B) Aedeagus: A) median lobe (dorsal view); B) median lobe and parameres (lateral view). C) Female genitalia (ventral view).

FIGURE 3 in Re-description of the gudgeon species Saurogobio gracilicaudatus Yao & Yang in Luo, Yue & Chen, 1977 (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from the Chang-Jiang basin, South China, with a note on its generic classification

FIGURE 3. Distribution of Saurogbio gracilicaudatus in the middle Chang-Jiang basin, South China. Squares are locations of specimens examined.

FIGURE 2 in Re-description of the gudgeon species Saurogobio gracilicaudatus Yao & Yang in Luo, Yue & Chen, 1977 (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from the Chang-Jiang basin, South China, with a note on its generic classification

FIGURE 2. Lateral view of Saurogbio gracilicaudatus, IHB 2012120223, 97.7 mm SL; Xiang-Jiang of Dongting Lake system of middle Chang-Jiang at Xiangyin County, Hunan Province, South China

FIGURE 1 in Re-description of the gudgeon species Saurogobio gracilicaudatus Yao & Yang in Luo, Yue & Chen, 1977 (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from the Chang-Jiang basin, South China, with a note on its generic classification

FIGURE 1. Ventral view of head in: (A) Saurogbio gracilicaudatus, IHB 2012120223, 97.7 mm SL, Xiang-Jiang of Dongting Lake system of middle Chang-Jiang basin at Xiangying County, Hunan Province, South China. (B) Saurogobio dumerili, IHB 59-010, 204.1 mm SL, Chang-Jiang at Yichang, Hubei Province, South China. (C) Saurogobio lissilabris, uncatalogued, 105.0 mm SL, Yuan-Jiang of Dongting Lake system of middle Chang-Jiang basin at Hanshou County, South China. (D) Saurogobio dabry, IHB uncatalogued, 105.8 mm SL, mainstream of middle Chang-Jiang basin at Wuhan, South China. (E) Saurogobio xiangjiangensis, IHB20120086, 105.6 mm SL, Gan-Jiang of lower Chang-Jiang basin at Wan'an, Jiangxi Province, South China. (F) Saurogobio immaculatus IHB 602447, 119.5 mm SL, Jin-Jiang of Nandu-Jiang basin at Chengmai County, Hainan Province, South China. af = anterior fold; cp = central pad; ll = lateral lobe of lower lip; pg = postlabial groove; rc= rostral cap; ul = upper lip.

FIGURE 17 in A new species of Sphaeronemoura (Plecoptera: Nemouridae) from Henan Province of China, with additions to generic characters of the female and larva

FIGURE 17. Known distribution of Sphaeronemoura Shimizu & Sivec, 2001 species—grey areas are above 2000 m.

FIGURES 5–8 in A new species of Sphaeronemoura (Plecoptera: Nemouridae) from Henan Province of China, with additions to generic characters of the female and larva

FIGURES 5–8. Female genitalia of Sphaeronemoura separata sp. n.; paratype, China, Henan Province—5: terminalia, ventral view; 6: terminalia, lateral view; 7: pilosity around the genital opening, ventral view; 8: inner genitalia, dorsal view—scales 1 mm.

FIGURES 1–4 in A new species of Sphaeronemoura (Plecoptera: Nemouridae) from Henan Province of China, with additions to generic characters of the female and larva

FIGURES 1–4. Male terminalia of Sphaeronemoura separata sp. n.; paratype, China, Henan Province—1: dorsal view; 2: laterodorsal view; 3: lateral view; 4: ventral view—scale 1 mm.

FIGURES 10–16 in A new species of Sphaeronemoura (Plecoptera: Nemouridae) from Henan Province of China, with additions to generic characters of the female and larva

FIGURES 10–16. Mature larva of Sphaeronemoura separata sp. n.; paratype, China, Henan Province—10: left hind leg, outer face; 11: left fore femur, outer face; 12: left fore femur, inner face; 13: tergite V, dorsal view; 14: cervical gills, ventral view; 15: right lateral edge of pronotum, dorsal view; 16: right cercus, dorsal view—scale 1 mm.

FIGURE 9 in A new species of Sphaeronemoura (Plecoptera: Nemouridae) from Henan Province of China, with additions to generic characters of the female and larva

FIGURE 9. Habitus of mature larva of Sphaeronemoura separata sp. n.; paratype, China, Henan Province—scale 1 mm.