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Figure 1. A in Molecular phylogeny of interstitial Polycopidae ostracods (Crustacea) and descriptions of a new genus and four new species

Figure 1. A, map of Japan; B, type localities of Kliecope mihoensis gen. et sp. nov. and Parapolycope subtidalis sp. nov.; C, type locality of Parapolycope setouchiensis sp. nov.; D, type locality of Parapolycope miurensis sp. nov.

Figure 27 in Molecular phylogeny of interstitial Polycopidae ostracods (Crustacea) and descriptions of a new genus and four new species

Figure 27. Parapolycope miurensis sp. nov. A–F, male holotype (SUM-CO-2236). A, left lateral view of upper lip; B, antennula, arrowhead indicates inward bulge; C, antenna (A2); C′, endopodite of A2; D, mandibula; E, maxillula (Mxl); E′, precoxa of Mxl; E″, coxa of Mxl; F, fifth limb. Abbreviations: ba, basis; cx, coxa; en, endopodite; ep, epipodite; ex, exopodite; pc, precoxa. Scale bar = 50 μm.

Figure 4 in Molecular phylogeny of interstitial Polycopidae ostracods (Crustacea) and descriptions of a new genus and four new species

Figure 4. Scanning electron micrographs of valves of Kliecope mihoensis gen. et sp. nov., internal lateral view, male paratype (SUM-CO-2180). A–F, right valve; G–L, left valve. A, anterodorsal bar and groove; B, anterior part of marginal infold; C, socket at dorsal end of hinge structure; D, posterodorsal bar of hinge structure; E, posterior element of hinge structure; F, posteroventral ridge; G, anterior part of marginal infold; H, anterodorsal bar and groove; I, knob at dorsal end of hinge structure; J, posterodorsal bar of hinge structure; K, posterior element of hinge structure; L, posteroventral bar.

Figure 2 in Molecular phylogeny of interstitial Polycopidae ostracods (Crustacea) and descriptions of a new genus and four new species

Figure 2. Kliecope mihoensis gen. et sp. nov., male holotype (SUM-CO-2178). A, internal lateral view of left valve; B, internal lateral view of right valve. Scale bar = 50 μm.

Figure 3 in Molecular phylogeny of interstitial Polycopidae ostracods (Crustacea) and descriptions of a new genus and four new species

Figure 3. Scanning electron micrographs of valves of Kliecope mihoensis gen. et sp. nov. A, B, male paratype (SUM- CO-2179); C, D, male paratype (SUM-CO-2180); E, male paratype (SUM-CO-2181); F, G, female paratype (SUM-CO- 2193); H, I, female paratype (SUM-CO-2194); J, female paratype (SUM-CO-2195). A, external lateral view of right valve (RV); B, external lateral view of left valve (LV); C, internal lateral view of LV; D, internal lateral view of RV; E, dorsal view of carapace; F, external lateral view of RV; G, external lateral view of LV; H, internal lateral view of LV; I, internal lateral view of RV; J, dorsal view of carapace. Scale bar = 50 μm.

Figure 21 in Molecular phylogeny of interstitial Polycopidae ostracods (Crustacea) and descriptions of a new genus and four new species

Figure 21. Scanning electron micrographs of male soft parts of Parapolycope subtidalis sp. nov. A, C, D, male paratype (SUM-CO-2224); B, male paratype (SUM-CO-2225). A, left lateral view of upper lip; B, left lateral view of fifth limb; C, left lateral view of posterior trunk segment, uropod, and uropodal projection; D, left lateral view of uropodal projection with numerous small spines.

Figure 9. The 50 in Integrative taxonomy of the stunt nematodes of the genera Bitylenchus and Tylenchorhynchus (Nematoda, Telotylenchidae) with description of two new species and a molecular phylogeny

Figure 9. The 50% majority rule consensus trees from Bayesian analysis generated from the 18S rRNA gene data set with a transitional model of invariable sites and a gamma-shaped distribution model. Posterior probabilities more than 65% are given for appropriate clades; bootstrap values greater than 50% are given on appropriate clades in the maximum likelihood analysis. Newly obtained sequences are in bold letters.

Figure 7. The 50 in Integrative taxonomy of the stunt nematodes of the genera Bitylenchus and Tylenchorhynchus (Nematoda, Telotylenchidae) with description of two new species and a molecular phylogeny

Figure 7. The 50% majority rule consensus trees from Bayesian analysis generated from the D2–D3 of 28S rRNA gene data set with a general time reversible of invariable sites and a gamma-shaped distribution model. Posterior probabilities more than 65% are given for appropriate clades; bootstrap values greater than 50% are given on appropriate clades in the maximum likelihood analysis. Newly obtained sequences are in bold letters.

Figure 6 in Integrative taxonomy of the stunt nematodes of the genera Bitylenchus and Tylenchorhynchus (Nematoda, Telotylenchidae) with description of two new species and a molecular phylogeny

Figure 6. Scanning electron microscope photographs of Tylenchorhynchus mediterraneus sp. nov. A, female anteri- or region; B, C, en face view showing oral (oa) and amphidial (am) apertures; D, lateral fields at mid-body; E, female tail showing anus (a). Scale bars: A = 20 μm; B, C, D = 10 μm; E = 20 μm.

Figure 4 in Integrative taxonomy of the stunt nematodes of the genera Bitylenchus and Tylenchorhynchus (Nematoda, Telotylenchidae) with description of two new species and a molecular phylogeny

Figure 4. Line drawings of Tylenchorhynchus mediterraneus sp. nov. A, female pharyngeal region; B, vulval region showing part of gonads and spermatheca; C, female lip region; D, details of lip region showing oral disc (en face view); E, F, male tails showing spicules and gubernaculum; G–I, female tails, showing areolated lateral fields and phasmid in the middle.

Figure 8. The 50 in Integrative taxonomy of the stunt nematodes of the genera Bitylenchus and Tylenchorhynchus (Nematoda, Telotylenchidae) with description of two new species and a molecular phylogeny

Figure 8. The 50% majority rule consensus trees from Bayesian analysis generated from the ITS rRNA gene data set with a transversional model of invariable sites and a gamma-shaped distribution model. Posterior probabilities more than 65% are given for appropriate clades; bootstrap values greater than 50% are given on appropriate clades in the maximum likelihood analysis. Newly obtained sequences are in bold letters.

Figure 3 in Integrative taxonomy of the stunt nematodes of the genera Bitylenchus and Tylenchorhynchus (Nematoda, Telotylenchidae) with description of two new species and a molecular phylogeny

Figure 3. Scanning electron microscope photographs of Bitylenchus hispaniensis sp. nov. A, female lip region; B, en face view showing oral (oa) and amphidial (am) apertures; C, lateral fields at mid-body; D, E, female tails showing anus (a) and phasmid (ph); F, male tail showing spicules (sp). Scale bars: A, C = 10 μm; B = 5 μm; D–F = 20 μm.

Figure 2 in Integrative taxonomy of the stunt nematodes of the genera Bitylenchus and Tylenchorhynchus (Nematoda, Telotylenchidae) with description of two new species and a molecular phylogeny

Figure 2. Photomicrographs of Bitylenchus hispaniensis sp. nov. A, whole body of female and male; B, female pharyngeal region; C, female lip region; D, vulval region; E, female tails; F, male tail; G, lateral fields at mid-body. Scale bars: A = 50 μm, B, E = 10 μm; C, D, G = 5 μm; F = 20 μm.

Figure 5 in Integrative taxonomy of the stunt nematodes of the genera Bitylenchus and Tylenchorhynchus (Nematoda, Telotylenchidae) with description of two new species and a molecular phylogeny

Figure 5. Photomicrographs of Tylenchorhynchus mediterraneus sp. nov. A, whole body of female and male; B, female pharyngeal region showing excretory pore (ep); C, female lip region showing stylet knobs (kn); D, vulval region; E–G, female tails showing anus (a) and phasmid (ph); H, male tail showing spicules (sp) and gubernaculum (gb). Scale bars: A = 50 μm, B, D = 20 μm; C, E–H = 10 μm.

Figure 1 in Integrative taxonomy of the stunt nematodes of the genera Bitylenchus and Tylenchorhynchus (Nematoda, Telotylenchidae) with description of two new species and a molecular phylogeny

Figure 1. Line drawings of Bitylenchus hispaniensis sp. nov. A, female pharyngeal region; B, vulval region showing part of gonads and spermatheca; C, female lip region; D, details of lip region showing oral disc (en face view); E, F, male tails showing spicules and gubernaculum; G–J, female tails, with H and I showing intestinal fasciculi/sinuous canals present and extending back to tail, and J with areolated lateral fields and phasmid in the middle.

Figure 7 in Molecular phylogeny of hinge-beak shrimps (Decapoda: Caridea: Rhynchocinetes and Cinetorhynchus) and allies: a formal test of familiar and generic monophyly using a multilocus phylogeny

Figure 7. Presence/absence of the 'robustus' morphotype and sexual systems of Rhynchocinetes and Cinetorhynchus shrimps synthesized on the tree resulting from the one-phase SATé-II analysis of maximum likelihood. Robustus morphotype: presence (black squares), absence (white squares), unknown (grey squares). Sexual system: separate sexes (white squares), protandry (black squares), unknown (grey squares). The photographs show a 'robustus' male morphotype of Rhynchocinetes typus (left, bottom) and a male specimen of the protandric Cinetorhynchus uritai (right, bottom). Males in the latter species exhibit poorly developed chelipeds and maxillipeds in comparison with 'robustus' males of species of Rhynchocinetes. For further details see text. Photographic credits: M. Thiel (C. uritai), I. Hinojosa (Rhynchocinetes typus).

Figure 4 in Molecular phylogeny of hinge-beak shrimps (Decapoda: Caridea: Rhynchocinetes and Cinetorhynchus) and allies: a formal test of familiar and generic monophyly using a multilocus phylogeny

Figure 4. One-phase simultaneous alignment and tree estimation (SATé-II) analysis of maximum likelihood (ML) for representatives of the family Rhynchocinetidae using two nuclear genes. The phylogenetic tree resulted from the combined analysis of 12S, Histone (H3), and Enolase gene fragments of Rhynchocinetes (seven taxa and eight terminals), Cinetorhynchus (five taxa and 12 terminals), Lipkius (one taxon and two terminals), Eugonatonotus (one taxon), and outgroups. The numbers above or below the branches represent the bootstrap values obtained from the ML analyses in SATé-II.

Figure 1 in Molecular phylogeny of hinge-beak shrimps (Decapoda: Caridea: Rhynchocinetes and Cinetorhynchus) and allies: a formal test of familiar and generic monophyly using a multilocus phylogeny

Figure 1. Some morphological characters of shrimps from the genera Rhynchocinetes and Cinetorhynchus. A, 'cage' position during mating in the shrimp Rhynchocinetes typus, the only species of marine caridean shrimp for which alternative mating tactics have been demonstrated so far. Notice the well-developed third maxillipeds and chelipeds characteristic of the 'robustus' male morphotype. B, habitus (view of the entire animal) of the hinged-beak shrimp genus Cinetorhynchus. C, lateral view of the rostrum of R. typus. Notice the articulation (arrow) of the rostrum with the remainder of the carapace. D, lateral view of the rostrum of Cinetorhynchus rigens. Notice the indistinct articulation between the carapace and the rostrum (compared with Rhynchocinetes). E, dorsal view of the carapace in C. rigens. Notice the three teeth at the median carina of the carapace and the absence of a supraorbital spine. F, dorsal view of the carapace in R. typus. Notice the two acute teeth at the median carina of the carapace and the supraorbital spine. G, lateral view of the fourth and fifth pereopods of R. typus. Notice the presence of only one row of meral spines on these pereopods. H, lateral view of the fourth and fifth pereopods of C. rigens. Notice the presence of two rows of meral spines. A from Correa et al. (2003); B–H from de Melo (2007).

Figure 3. A in Molecular phylogeny of hinge-beak shrimps (Decapoda: Caridea: Rhynchocinetes and Cinetorhynchus) and allies: a formal test of familiar and generic monophyly using a multilocus phylogeny

Figure 3. A, one-phase simultaneous alignment and tree estimation (SATé-II) analysis of maximum likelihood (ML) for representatives of the superfamily Nematocarcinoidea using two nuclear genes. B, two-phase phylogenetic analysis of Bayesian inference (BI) using two nuclear genes for representatives of the superfamily Nematocarcinoidea. The two phylogenetic trees resulted from the combined analysis of Histone (H3) and Enolase gene fragments of Rhynchocinetes (seven taxa and eight terminals), Cinetorhynchus (five taxa and 12 terminals), Lipkius (one taxon and two terminals), Nematocarcinus (three taxa), Eugonatonotus (one taxon), and outgroups. In (B), the general topology of the trees obtained from two-phase ML and BI analyses was the same. In (A), the numbers above or below the branches represent the bootstrap values obtained from the ML analysis in SATé-II. In (B), numbers above or below the branches represent the posterior probabilities from the BI analysis in MrBayes and bootstrap values obtained from the ML analyses in TREEFINDER (ML/BI).

Figure 2 in Molecular phylogeny of hinge-beak shrimps (Decapoda: Caridea: Rhynchocinetes and Cinetorhynchus) and allies: a formal test of familiar and generic monophyly using a multilocus phylogeny

Figure 2. Habitus and morphological diversity of hinged-beak shrimps from the genera Rhynchocinetes and Cinetorhynchus and allied species in the superfamily Nematocarcinoidea. A, lateral view of Eugonatonotus crassus (Eugonatonotidae) (photo credit: Charles Bump, SERT). B, lateral view of Cinetorhynchus cf. maningi (photo credit: Arthur Anker). C, pair of Cinetorhynchus hendersoni in situ (photo credit: Nicolas Ory). Notice the male on the right with extremely elongated pereopods. D, large aggregation of Rhynchocinetes uritai in Japan (photo credit: Martin Thiel). E, dorsal view of a 'robustus' male of Rhynchocinetes typus (photo credit: Ivan Hinojosa). Notice the elongated third maxillipeds and the dense setae in the chelipeds. F, small aggregation of Rhynchocinetes serratus (photo credit: Ivan Hinojosa). In the male perched on the roof of the crevice, notice the elongated third maxillipeds and the absence of dense setae on the chelipeds. G, lateral view of Cinetorhynchus cf. rigens (photo credit: Arthur Anker).