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5,108 results for “North America”
FIGURES 7, 8. Acmopolynema spp. 7a, A in Illustrated key to genera and catalogue of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera) in America north of Mexico
FIGURES 7, 8. Acmopolynema spp. 7a, A. varium (Girault), wings; 7b, A. immaculatum Schauff, wings; A. sema Schauff, mesosoma, dorsal. Scale bars: 7=500 μm; 8=200 μm.
FIGURES 32–34. Alaptus spp. 32a in Illustrated key to genera and catalogue of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera) in America north of Mexico
FIGURES 32–34. Alaptus spp. 32a, head, anterior; 32b, head, anterior (internal), showing ocular apodeme; 33, antenna (note small additional segment between fu2 and fu3); 34, head, anterodorsal. Scale bars=100 μm.
FIGURES 2–5. Acmopolynema spp., head except 6. 2, A in Illustrated key to genera and catalogue of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera) in America north of Mexico
FIGURES 2–5. Acmopolynema spp., head except 6. 2, A. sema Schauff, anterior; 3, A. sema Schauff, posterior; 4a, A. varium (Girault), lateral; 4b, A. varium, lateral (internal) showing ocular apodeme; 5, A. varium, dorsal; 6, antennae, lower image medial surface, upper image lateral surface. Scale bars=200 μm.
FIGURES 43–48 in Illustrated key to genera and catalogue of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera) in America north of Mexico
FIGURES 43–48. Alaptus sp., head. 43, anterior; 44, posterior; 45, lateral; 46, dorsal; 47, ventral, 48, mouthparts. Scale bars=20 μm.
FIGURES 13–18 in Illustrated key to genera and catalogue of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera) in America north of Mexico
FIGURES 13–18. Acmopolynema sp., head. 13, anterior; 14, posterior; 15, lateral; 16, dorsal; 17, ventral; 18, mouthparts. Scale bars=50 μm.
FIGURES 55–60 in Illustrated key to genera and catalogue of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera) in America north of Mexico
FIGURES 55–60. Alaptus sp., metasoma. 55, dorsal; 56, ventral; 57, lateral; 58, apex of gaster, male dorsal (genitalia exserted); 59, apex of gaster, male, lateral; 60, apex of gaster, male, ventral. Scale bars=20 μm.
FIGURES 11–12. 5 in First record of Nesomesochorinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) from America north of Mexico with descriptions of two new species of Nonnus Cresson
FIGURES 11–12. 5. Nonnus spp., lateral view of second metasomal tergite. 11. N. spurius Wahl & Bennett, holotype female; AEI photo voucher specimen #1074. 12. N. atratus Cresson, holotype female; ANSP.
FIGURES 7–8 in First record of Nesomesochorinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) from America north of Mexico with descriptions of two new species of Nonnus Cresson
FIGURES 7–8. Nonnus spurius Wahl & Bennett, lateral habitus. 7. Paratype male (Mexico: Durango); AEI photo voucher specimen #1073. 8. Paratype male (USA: Arizona); AEI photo voucher specimen #1068.
FIGURES 5–6. Nonnus spp., lateral habitus. 5. N in First record of Nesomesochorinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) from America north of Mexico with descriptions of two new species of Nonnus Cresson
FIGURES 5–6. Nonnus spp., lateral habitus. 5. N. barnesae Wahl & Bennett, paratype male (USA: Arizona); AEI photo vouch- er specimen #1069. 6. N. spurius Wahl & Bennett, holotype female; AEI photo voucher specimen #1074.
FIGURES 3–4 in First record of Nesomesochorinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) from America north of Mexico with descriptions of two new species of Nonnus Cresson
FIGURES 3–4. Nonnus barnesae Wahl & Bennett, lateral habitus. 3. Holotype female; AEI photo voucher specimen #1075. 4. Paratype male (Mexico: Oaxaca); AEI photo voucher specimen #1076.
Formation binning: a new method for increased temporal resolution in regional studies, applied to the Late Cretaceous dinosaur fossil record of North America
<p>The advent of palaeontological occurrence databases has allowed for detailed reconstruction and analyses of species richness through deep time. While a substantial literature has evolved ensuring that taxa are fairly counted within and between different time periods, how time itself is divided has received less attention. Stage-level or equal-interval age bins have been frequently used for regional and global studies in vertebrate palaeontology. However, when assessing diversity at a regional scale, these resolutions can prove inappropriate with the available data. Herein, we propose a new method of binning geological time for regional studies that intrinsically incorporates the chronostratigraphic heterogeneity of different rock formations to generate unique stratigraphic bins. We use this method to investigate the diversity dynamics of dinosaurs from the Late Cretaceous of the Western Interior of North America prior to the Cretaceous–Palaeogene mass extinction. Increased resolution through formation binning pinpoints the Maastrichtian diversity decline to between 68–66 Ma, coinciding with the retreat of the Western Interior Seaway. Diversity curves are shown to exhibit volatile patterns using different binning methods, supporting claims that heterogeneous biases in this time-frame affect the pre-extinction palaeobiological record. We also show that apparent high endemicity of dinosaurs in the Campanian is a result of non-contemporaneous geological units within large time bins. This study helps to illustrate the utility of high-resolution, regional studies to supplement our understanding of factors governing global diversity in deep time and ultimately how geology is inherently tied to our understanding of past changes in species richness.</p>
FIGURE 2 in Systematics of a survivor: the Cambrian kingstoniid trilobite Blountia Walcott, 1916 across the Marjuman-Steptoean (Guzhangian-Paibian) extinction interval in Laurentian North America
FIGURE 2. Phylogenetic analysis of Blountia and related taxa. 1. Strict consensus of six trees of length 30 (CI, 0.50; RI, 0.62; RC, 0.31). Names of species from Steptoean strata are identified by bold font. 2. Optimized character distribution plotted on one of the most parsimonious trees. Only unambiguous transformations (i.e., optimize to the same nodes under the assumptions of ACCTRAN and DELTRAN) are shown; open circles indicate characters that are homoplastic. Numbers above the circles refer to characters and those below identify particular states (Table 2).
FIGURE 2. Eremidrilus artzaini n in New Eremidrilus species (Clitellata: Lumbriculidae) from western North America Part 1, species with two spermathecal segments
FIGURE 2. Eremidrilus artzaini n. sp. from Summit Creek. A. Chaeta, VIII ventral. B. Atria, from a dissected worm. C. Atrium, sagittal section. D. Transverse section of atrium, near base of ampulla, with vas deferens deeply embedded in muscle layer. E. Vas deferens embedded in atrial muscle layer, from a transverse section. F. Detail of atrial ampulla, showing muscle layer, narrow epithelium and short prostates, transverse section. G. Male pore on small papilla within concave porophore, from a transverse section. H. First spermathecal ampulla, sagittal section. I, J. Spermathecal ducts, transverse sections. Note: in Figures 2A-C, the specimen is facing left.
FIGURE 1. Eremidrilus artzaini n in New Eremidrilus species (Clitellata: Lumbriculidae) from western North America Part 1, species with two spermathecal segments
FIGURE 1. Eremidrilus artzaini n. sp. from Wildhorse Creek (A); East Fork Big Lost River (B–D, F); Summit Creek (E). A. Anterior end, external view of an unmounted worm; arrows indicate limits of clitellum. B. Chaetal pairs; left to right: III dorsal, III ventral, XII ventral. C. Atria, transverse section in X. D. Spermathecae, transverse section in XI; arrows indicate position of ventral chaetae. E. Reproductive organs, segments X–XII; both spermathecal pairs with sperm. F. Reproductive organs, segments X–XII; sperm funnels and spermatheca in XII without sperm.
SCDNA: a serially complete precipitation and temperature dataset in North America from 1979 to 2018 (Version 1.1)
<p>Version updates:</p> <p>Version 1.1 is generally consistent with Version 1 in data estimation but (1) provides source flags in the final dataset, (2) adds individual station files for every merged station, and (3) excludes some stations due to their quality problems.</p> <p>Station-based serially complete datasets (SCDs) of precipitation and temperature observations are important for hydrometeorological studies. We developed a SCD for North America (SCDNA) of precipitation, minimum temperature, and maximum temperature from 1979 to 2018. Raw meteorological station data were obtained from the Global Historical Climate Network Daily (GHCN-D), the Global Surface Summary of the Day (GSOD), Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC), and a compiled station database in Mexico (Livneh et al. 2015).</p> <p>There are three types of missing values that are infilled/reconstructed by this dataset:</p> <ol> <li>Missing value during the observation period when the station still works.</li> <li>Missing value beyond the observation period (reconstruction period) before the station is deployed or after the station ceases working.</li> <li>Station measurements that fail quality control checks are treated as missing values and imputed.</li> </ol> <p>This dataset is useful for various purposes of applications that require:</p> <ol> <li>Quality-controlled actual station observations from multiple datasets in North America;</li> <li>Station observations without missing values in the observation period;</li> <li>Serially complete station observations. Users should be cautious when using this dataset for trend analysis because it is possible that trends are not well reconstructed.</li> </ol> <p>Three types of dataset files are provided:</p> <ol> <li>“SCDNA_v1.1.nc4”. This NetCDF file contains basic information (ID, location, elevation) and the final variables of stations. For each variable (precipitation, minimum temperature, and maximum temperature), this file provides the serially complete data, the estimation flag indicating whether a value is from observation or estimation, and accuracy index (KGE) of estimated data.</li> <li>“SCD_complete_part1.zip” to “SCD_complete_part10.zip”. These ten compressed files contain complete data for the production of the SCD, including quality flags, estimates from 16 strategies (quantile mapping, interpolation, machine learning, and multiple-strategy merging), corrected/uncorrected SCD estimates, accuracy indices, etc.</li> <li>"overlap_station.zip". This file contains the list and data of stations that have the same latitude and longitude records due to various reasons, such as the same stations from different sources, naming rules, recording bias, etc, network design, etc.</li> </ol> <p>We recommend that users download "SCDNA_v1.1.nc4" for quick and direct application, and adopt the second type for in-depth investigation of different strategies and potential methodology improvement. Please refer to Readme.txt for more details.</p> <p>The codes used to produce this dataset are available on GitHub (<a href="https://github.com/tgq14/GapFill">https://github.com/tgq14/GapFill</a>).</p>
Figure 19 in Diversity of late Maastrichtian Tyrannosauridae (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from western North America
Figure 19. Diagram of the results of a quantitative reconstruction of a growth series of five Tyrannosaurus rex specimens.
Figure 8 in Diversity of late Maastrichtian Tyrannosauridae (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from western North America
Figure 8. Comparison of the dorsal skull roof of LACM 28345 with other tyrannosaurids. AMNH 5027 modified after Osborn (1912) and CMN 8506 modified after Russell (1970).
Figure 13 in Diversity of late Maastrichtian Tyrannosauridae (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from western North America
Figure 13. Comparison of the surangular of LACM 23845 with other tyrannosaurids in left lateral view. AMNH 5027 modified after Osborn (1912) and CMN 8506 after Russell (1970).
Figure 12 in Diversity of late Maastrichtian Tyrannosauridae (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from western North America
Figure 12. Comparison of the quadratojugal of LACM 23845 with other tyrannosaurids in left lateral view. AMNH 5027 modified after Osborn (1912) and PIN 551–2 after Maleev (1974).
Data from: Postglacial recolonization of North America by spadefoot toads: integrating niche and corridor modeling to study species' range dynamics over geologic time
<p>Understanding the factors that shape species' distributions is a key topic in biogeography. As climates change, species can either cope with these changes through evolution, plasticity or by shifting their ranges to track the optimal climatic conditions. Ecological niche modeling (ENM) is a widespread technique in biogeography that estimates the niche of the organism by using occurrences and environmental data to estimate species' potential distributions. ENMs are often criticized for failing to take species' dispersal abilities into consideration. Here, we attempt to fill this gap by combining ENMs with dispersal and corridor modeling to study the range dynamics of North American spadefoot toads (Scaphiopodidae) over the Holocene. We first estimated the current and past distributions of spadefoot toads and then estimated their past distributions from the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) to the present day. Then, we estimated how each taxon recolonized North American by using dispersal and corridor modeling. By combining these two modeling approaches we were able to 1) estimate the LGM refugia used by the North American spadefoot toads, 2) further refine these projections by estimating which of the putative LGM refugia contributed to the recolonization of North America via dispersal, and 3) estimate the relative influence of each LGM refugium to the current species' distributions. The models were tested using previously published phylogeographic data, revealing a high degree of congruence between our models and the genetic data. These results suggest that combining ENMs and dispersal modeling over time is a promising approach to investigate both historical and future species' range dynamics.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.