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Fig. 4 in Cuticular Hydrocarbon Profile Analyses Help Clarify the Species Identity of Dry-Mounted Cuckoo Wasps (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), Including Type Material, and Reveal Evidence for a Cryptic Species

Fig. 4. Exemplar chromatograms showing diagnostic differences (specified inTables 1 and 2) between the cuticular hydrocarbon profiles of Chrysis parabrevitarsis n. sp. and Chrysis pseudobrevitarsis in the female (A) and male (B) sex. The x-axis represents the retention time shown in form of Kovats retention indices (Kováts 1958), the y-axis shows the total intensity of ions (TIC). Diagnostic alkenes are indicated with their Kovats retention index (Kováts 1958) in parentheses to differentiate them from alkenes with the same chain length but differing in the location of their double bond.

Fig. 3 in Cuticular Hydrocarbon Profile Analyses Help Clarify the Species Identity of Dry-Mounted Cuckoo Wasps (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), Including Type Material, and Reveal Evidence for a Cryptic Species

Fig. 3. Two-dimensional non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) ordination of Bray-Curtis dissimilarities between cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) profiles of males and females of the cuckoo wasps Chrysis parabrevitarsis n. sp. (6 ♂♂, 25 ♀♀) and Chrysis pseudobrevitarsis (6 ♂♂, 11 ♀♀) as well as of three vespid wasps known to serve as hosts of these two cuckoo wasps, Ancistrocerus antilope (23 ♂♂, 17 ♀♀), Euodynerus notatus (13 ♂♂, 11 ♀♀), and Euodynerus quadrifasciatus (14 ♂♂, 14 ♀♀). Note that the plot includes the CHC profile data of the holotype of C. parabrevitarsis n. sp. and CHC profile data of the lectotype of C. pseudobrevitarsis.

Fig. 2 in Cuticular Hydrocarbon Profile Analyses Help Clarify the Species Identity of Dry-Mounted Cuckoo Wasps (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), Including Type Material, and Reveal Evidence for a Cryptic Species

Fig. 2. Neighbor-joining tree inferred from Kimura-2-parameter nucleotide sequence distances between COI haplotypes of Chrysis parabrevitarsis n. sp. (blue branches), Chrysis brevitarsis and Chrysis pseudobrevitarsis (yellow branches). Support values are based on 10 000 bootstrap replicates. Acronyms in capital letters after the species names specify the country of origin: Belorussia (BLR), Estonia (EST), Finland (FIN), Germany (GER), Lithuania (LIT), Norway (NOR), Russia (RUS), and Sweden (SWE). Sample IDs are given in parentheses.

Fig. 7 in Cuticular Hydrocarbon Profile Analyses Help Clarify the Species Identity of Dry-Mounted Cuckoo Wasps (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), Including Type Material, and Reveal Evidence for a Cryptic Species

Fig. 7. SEM micrographs of antennal flagellomeres (F) 4–6 in females of Chrysis pseudobrevitarsis (top, voucher ID: TUZ117252) and Chrysis parabrevitarsis n. sp. (bottom, voucher ID:TUZ102387).

Fig. 6 in Cuticular Hydrocarbon Profile Analyses Help Clarify the Species Identity of Dry-Mounted Cuckoo Wasps (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), Including Type Material, and Reveal Evidence for a Cryptic Species

Fig. 6. Shape of the internal metasomal segments (T4–T7 and S4–S6) of female Chrysis parabrevitarsis n. sp. (voucher ID:TUZ102402). Scale bar: 1.0 mm.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2022View details →

Lipidomic profiling indicate protection of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury on neonatal rats ingesting Acer truncatum Bunge oil

Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) has a serious effect on newborn growth and development, and there are currently no effective interventions. In this study, we discovered administering Acer truncatum Bunge seed oil (ASO) for 30 days reduces the damage caused by HIE and improves the learning and memory ability. Using lipidomics approaches to compare metabolite changes in HIE and sham rats, we discovered that glycerophospholipids, plasmalogen, unsaturated fatty acids decreased and lysophospholipids increased in HIE rats' brain. After 30 days of ASO treatment, glycerophospholipids, plasmalogen, and unsaturated fatty acids increased in serum and brain, while lysophospholipids and oxidized glycerophospholipids decreased. Based on cluster, correlation and attribution analysis, we find changes of glycerophospholipids, plasmalogen, w3/6/9 fatty acid, oxidized GP and lysophospholipids contributes to improvement of cognitive ability, indicated by eliminating the oxidative injury by HIE. Our findings suggest that ASO may be a potential special medical food for ischemic hypoxic newborns.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2021View details →

Data from: Metabolomic profiling reveals shifts in defenses of an invasive plant

Abstract. The Shifting Defense Hypothesis predicts that introduced exotic plants evolve increased defenses against generalist herbivores and decreased defenses against specialists that are often absent in the introduced range. This hypothesis has received mixed evidence, and there is limited insight in its chemical basis from targeted analysis. Here, we provide an untargeted metabolomic analysis of native and invasive Purple Loosestrife populations and we experimentally test if admixture between introduced populations provides a basis for rapid defense chemistry evolution. Invasive populations showed improved growth and generalist herbivore resistance, but lower resistance to a specialist weevil. Metabolomic profiling revealed large shifts in chemistry between native and invasive populations, including differences in alkaloids and flavonoids. Experimental admixture increased chemical diversity and plant growth in the native populations, indicating its potential to fuel rapid evolution, but admixture did not affect generalist and specialist herbivory. Our comprehensive untargeted metabolomics results provide strong support for the Shifting Defense Hypothesis.   Data sets description:   <ul> <li>Metabolite data: LCMS_pos.xlsx and LCMS_neg.xlsx</li> </ul> Metabolites were extracted from the 3rd to 4th pairs of leaves (from top to bottom) of experimental Lythrum salicaria plants, which originated from three regions in Europe and three regions in North America, and were analyzed by LC-MS. Electrospray ionization was carried in in positive mode (LCMS_pos.xlsx) and in negative mode (LCMS_neg.xlsx). The LC-MS profiles were analyzed by software SIMCA v13.0, and the number of metabolites and their unique compounds were also classified and analyzed. The data sets show retention times and mass-over-charge ratios (in rows) organized by individual plant samples (in columns). Plant samples were analyzed in four batches (two each for positive and negative mode), and are labeled by their population of origin and cross type: IALS:      Iowa – Little South Storm Lake IML:       Idaho – Middleton NJS1:      New Jersey – Site 1 NW:        Netherlands – Wageningen PG:         Potsdam – Geltow TR:         Tübingen – Reusten Intra:       sample from intra-population cross Pop:        sample from cross between populations from the same region Reg:        sample from cross between populations from different regions   <ul> <li>Herbivory and plant trait data: Phenotypes.xlsx</li> </ul> The plant height, main stem width, generalist and specialist feeding results of L. salicaria plants used in the experiments. Data are from individual plants, which are characterized by origin (North America or Europe), Region (three regions per origin), Sample site (three sites per region) and cross type (experimental plant derived from either ‘intrapop’ cross (cross within sample site) or ‘interregion’ cross (cross between sample sites from different regions)). Height: plant height in cm Diameter: main stem diameter in mm Specialist: number of holes eaten on the tested leaf Generalist: total leaf surface area consumed by herboivores (cm2)

opencc-byJan 2018View details →

Sonnou shell midden profile/千葉市園生貝塚剥ぎ取り断面

Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab

FIGURE 27. A in Collection management and study of microscope slides: Storage, profiling, deterioration, restoration procedures, and general recommendations

FIGURE 27. A. Absorbent purified cotton wool wrapped on skewer. B. Coverslips 24 mm x 24 mm with paraffin rings ready for mounting each specimen in a drop of glycerol on a Cobb aluminum slide. C, D. Slide mounting device for Cobb aluminum slides. E. Storage of labels in 4-flap paper envelopes filed in cardboard boxes provided by Klug Conservation. F, G. Storage of labels in Secol polyester slide and negative film preserver sheets housed in a custom-made cardboard file system made by Klug Conservation. Note certificate of deacidification with Bookkeeper™ in front of the labels (F) and sheet of paper behind labels in polyester envelope (G). H, I. Restoration of a microscope slide by soaking the slide in distilled water on a hot plate in the lower part of a Petri dish (Pd) covered with a watch glass (wg) before (H) and after removal of labels and their storage under the top of the Petri dish (I, toPd). Note drops of water dripping back into lower Petri dish (I).

FIGURE 26 in Collection management and study of microscope slides: Storage, profiling, deterioration, restoration procedures, and general recommendations

FIGURE 26. Chemical structure of ingredients of shellac from the hemipteran Kerria lacca and related species.

FIGURE 23 in Collection management and study of microscope slides: Storage, profiling, deterioration, restoration procedures, and general recommendations

FIGURE 23. Chemical structure of monoterpenes, seaquiterpenes, and more volatile ingredients of gum mastic from Pistacia lentiscus.

FIGURE 21 in Collection management and study of microscope slides: Storage, profiling, deterioration, restoration procedures, and general recommendations

FIGURE 21. Chemical structure of the ingredients of gum colophony (= rosin, Greek pitch) from various species of Pinus.

FIGURE 20. A-F in Collection management and study of microscope slides: Storage, profiling, deterioration, restoration procedures, and general recommendations

FIGURE 20. A-F. Kinorhyncha mounted in Fluoromount G™ between 2002 and 2008 (A, B), 2003 and 2007 (C, D: same slide), and 2006 and 2010 (E) by Sørensen (A-E) and 1999 and 2012 by Herranz (F). Currently not affected mounting medium (mo) with severe deterioration like cavities (ca), platelet-like (A), rectangularly growing (B-D), radially growing (B-E, arrowheads), small chaotic (D) crystals (cy), and segregation of ingredients of mounting medium resulting in formation of bubbles (F). Specimens marked by asterisks. A, DF: DIC; B, C: bright field illumination. Scalebars: A, E, 300 µm; B, C, 2 mm; D, 500 µm; F, 200 µm.

FIGURE 18. A in Collection management and study of microscope slides: Storage, profiling, deterioration, restoration procedures, and general recommendations

FIGURE 18. A. Polychaete in glycerol-gelatin with unharmed medium (mo), formation of cavities (ca), and coverslip cracked above specimen (arrowheads). B-H. Kinorhyncha mounted in polyvinyl lactophenol between 1985 and 1990 by Neuhaus, unringed; currently not affected mounting medium (mo) and areas at different stages of deterioration with extensive cavities (ca), drops of fluid (fl; B, F), and formation of different kinds of crystals (cy). B, C. Overview of damage on two slides. Arrowheads mark specimens. D-F. Details of radially growing (D, F), rectangularly growing (F, H), leaf-like (D, E, G), and tree-like (H) crystals. A-C: bright field illumination; D-H: DIC. Scalebars: A-C, 5 mm; D-H, 500 µm.

FIGURE 19. A-D in Collection management and study of microscope slides: Storage, profiling, deterioration, restoration procedures, and general recommendations

FIGURE 19. A-D. Kinorhyncha mounted in polyvinyl lactophenol between 1985 and 1990 by Neuhaus, unringed; currently not affected mounting medium (mo) and areas at different stages of deterioration with extensive cavities (ca) and formation of different kinds of crystals (cy). Specimens marked by asterisk. E, F. Aphidina mounted in Polyviol; now deteriorating with cavities and crystals. A-F: DIC. Scalebars: A-D, 500 µm.

FIGURE 17. A-F in Collection management and study of microscope slides: Storage, profiling, deterioration, restoration procedures, and general recommendations

FIGURE 17. A-F. Kinorhyncha mounted in Permount™ between 1964 and 1968 by Higgins; intermediate stage of deterioration with incomplete crack coverage (A: see also same slide in Fig. 15J), and final stages with entirely cracked and whitish (B, C: see also same slide in Fig. 15E) or yellowish (D-F: see also same slide in Fig. 15F) mounting medium. Cracks at specimen (E) and at margin of coverslip (F). Arrowheads mark specimens. A, C: DIC; B, D: bright field illumination; E, F: dark field illumination. Scalebars: A, C, E, F, 500 µm; B, D, 5 mm.

FIGURE 15. A, B. Liquid mounts, mostly dry except for 1 in Collection management and study of microscope slides: Storage, profiling, deterioration, restoration procedures, and general recommendations

FIGURE 15. A, B. Liquid mounts, mostly dry except for 1st slide in A with central gas bubble (white arrowhead) and B; mounted probably in formaldehyde about 1913 (A) and about 1897 by Rousselet (B). Notice precipitations in A (black arrowheads) and inner coverslip seal of foamy brownish structure (B, asterisk). C. Kinorhynch mounted in Aquatex® between 1985 and 1990 by Neuhaus showing cracks in the medium. D. Part of Aphidina mounted in Caedax with numerous small bright crystals. E, F. Aphidina mounted in Canada balsam 1907 by Heymont (E) and in Celochloral in 1965 by Göllner-Scheiding (F). Notice yellowed mounting medium in periphery of coverslips. G, H. Kinorhynch mounted in CMCP-10 in 1992 by Neuhaus. Notice crystals near specimen (arrows in G) and in periphery of coverslip (H). I, J. Histological sections mounted in DPX in the 1980s in the lab of Sluys. Notice crystals at a distance from section (I), enlarged in J. A, B, E, F: macro lens; C, D, G-J: DIC. Scalebars: A, B, E, F 2 cm; C, G-I, 500 µm; D, 300 µm; J, 50 µm.

FIGURE 16. A-C in Collection management and study of microscope slides: Storage, profiling, deterioration, restoration procedures, and general recommendations

FIGURE 16. A-C. Aphidina mounted in lactophenol gum about 1950 by Heinze, overview (A) and enlargements with cracked and darkened medium (B, C) with crystals (C). D-J. Kinorhyncha mounted in Permount™ between 1964 and 1968 by Higgins; early stage of deterioration with initial cracks (G-I), intermediate stage with incomplete crack coverage (D, J: see also same slide in Fig. 16A), and final stages with entirely cracked and whitish (E: see also same slide in Fig. 16B, C) or yellowish (F: see also Fig. 16D-F; same slide) mounting medium. Arrowheads mark specimens. A, D-F: macro lens; B, G, J: bright field illumination; C, H, I: DIC. Scalebars: A, D-F, 2 cm; B, G, J, 5 mm; C, H, 300 µm; I, 200 µm.

FIGURE 14 in Collection management and study of microscope slides: Storage, profiling, deterioration, restoration procedures, and general recommendations

FIGURE 14. Chemical structure of various chemicals such as clearing agents, macerating agents, plasticizer, and organic solvents used for microscope slide preparation, part 2. Et, ethyl; n-Bu, n-butyl; OBu, butoxy.

FIGURE 13 in Collection management and study of microscope slides: Storage, profiling, deterioration, restoration procedures, and general recommendations

FIGURE 13. Chemical structure of various chemicals such as clearing agents, macerating agents, plasticizer, and organic solvents used for microscope slide preparation, part 1. Me, methyl; Phe, phenyl.