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3,121 results for “Resources”
Resource selection functions based on hierarchical generalized additive models provide new insights into individual animal variation and species distributions
<p>Habitat selection studies are designed to generate predictions of species distributions or inference regarding general habitat associations and individual variation in habitat use. Such studies frequently involve either individually indexed locations gathered across limited spatial extents and analyzed using resource selection functions (RSF), or spatially extensive locational data without individual resolution typically analyzed using species distribution models. Both analytical methodologies have certain desirable features, but analyses that combine individual- and population-level inference with flexible non-linear functions may provide improved predictions while accounting for individual variation. Here, we describe how RSFs can be fit using hierarchical generalized additive models (HGAMs) using widely available software, providing a means to explore individual variation in habitat associations and to generate species distribution maps. We used GPS tracking data from Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) from across eastern North America with four environmental predictors to generate monthly distribution models. We considered three model structures that assumed different amounts of individual variation in the functional relationship between predictors and habitat use and used k-fold cross-validation to compare model performance. Models accounting for individual variability in shape and smoothness of functional responses performed best. Eagles exhibited the least amount of individual variation in response to land cover variables during winter months, with most individuals more closely adhering to the population-level trend. During summer months, eagles exhibited more substantial individual variation in shape and smoothness of the functional relationships, suggesting some need to account for individual variation in eagle habitat use for both inferential and predictive purposes, during this time of year. Because they allow users to blend flexible functions with random effects structures and are well-supported by a variety of software platforms, we believe that HGAMs provide a useful addition to the suite of analyses used for modeling habitat associations or predicting species distributions.</p>
Performance tradeoffs and resource availability drive variation in reproductive isolation between sympatrically diverging crossbills
<p>Theoretical models indicate that speciation, especially when the scope for gene flow is great (e.g., sympatric speciation), is most likely when strong performance tradeoffs coincide with reproduction. We tested this classic hypothesis using measures of the strength of three prezygotic reproductive isolating barriers (habitat isolation, reduced immigrant fecundity, and behavioral isolation) between two young (~2,000 yrs) and sympatric red crossbill (<i>Loxia curvirostra</i>) ecotypes. All three isolating barriers increased with increases in performance tradeoffs, with total reproductive isolation varying between 0.72 and 1 (0 represents random mating, 1 represents complete reproductive isolation). Strong tradeoffs led to strong habitat isolation, an inability to breed in the "wrong" habitat, and more assortative flocks, with the latter leading to stronger behavioral isolation. Reproductive isolation decreased as resource availability increased relative to the demands of breeding, with higher resource availabilities eliminating the positive relationship between reproductive isolation and performance tradeoffs. This latter result is consistent with previous work suggesting that increasing resource abundance dampens the effect of strong performance tradeoffs on evolutionary divergence. Because many organisms, with the notable exception of host-specific phytophagous insects, rely on abundant food resources with weak performance tradeoffs while breeding, our results may explain why sympatric speciation is uncommon.</p>
Data on physico-chemical quality and microbial community level physiological profiles of drinking water and freshwater resources in Mega Manila Philippines
<p><strong>Samples of drinking water and freshwater resources in Mega Manila, Philippines were analyzed for physical and chemical quality as well as physiological profiles of microbial communities. Temperature, pH, oxidation-reduction potential, absolute conductivity, resistivity, total dissolved solids, salinity, pressure, and dissolved oxygen were measured using a multi-parameter probe and reported as averages from three biological replicates per sample. Detection and quantification of arsenic were carried out via 3114 B: Hydride Generation AAS method, while analysis for lead and cadmium was carried out via 3111 B: Direct Air-Acetylene Flame method. Detection and quantification of mercury was performed via Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Detection and quantification of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were carried out via Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and Gas Chromatography-Electron Capture Detection (GC-ECD). Assessment of the physiological activities of microbial communities in the water samples was done using the Biolog EcoPlateTM system. Eight samples returned less than the minimum detection limit for analysis of heavy metals and no samples contained polyaromatic hydrocarbons and organochlorine pesticides. In terms of microbial community physiological profiles, 66% of the samples (19 out 29) are found to demonstrate consistent increases in AMR and CMD over time. These data can be reused as comparators for retrospective and prospective quality assessments of drinking water and freshwater sources.</strong></p>
Divergent growth-differentiation balance strategies and resource competition shape mortality patterns in ponderosa pine
<p><span>Dynamic resource availability leads to trade-offs among functions in plants. The growth-differentiation balance hypothesis (GDBH) predicts greater allocation of carbon to defense than growth when resources are scarce; with optimum defense production occurring at a point between the minimum and maximum growth rates. While the GDBH has been widely tested, consideration of phenotypic variation in rates for which defense is traded for growth and what this variation means for plant resistance remains rare. For defense, pines produce and store oleoresin in "resin ducts." Retrospective comparisons of resin ducts in pines have revealed that trees with greater numbers, sizes, or areas of xylem resin ducts are more likely to avoid or survive insect attacks. We used tree ring chronologies to quantify phenotypic variation in growth and resin duct defenses in pairs of living and bark beetle-killed <em>Pinus ponderosa</em> trees in southern New Mexico, USA, and to test the utility of the GDBH for explaining tree mortality. We also assessed the sensitivity of annual growth to climate and competitor density in years preceding mortality in each pair. Survivors had greater growth rates and total cross-sectional areas of resin ducts than trees killed by bark beetles. We did not observe a difference in climate-growth relationships among the groups, however, trees killed by bark beetles suffered negative effects of competition while survivors did not. Growth-defense trade-offs conformed to the GDBH's prediction of a quadratic relationship, however, the two groups significantly differed in the rate at which defense was traded for increasing levels of annual growth.<em> </em> Our results demonstrate that phenotypic variation in the trade-off between growth and defense could be used to characterize trees that were killed by or survived recent natural enemy epidemics. We hypothesize that the GDBH could be integrated with the characterization of phenotypic variation in growth-differentiation strategies—along with parsing of gene versus environment influences on phenotypes—at both local and landscape scales to increase our understanding of patterns of natural enemy impacts in plant populations.</span></p>
Data of the Paper: Stateful Depletion and Scheduling of Containers on Cloud Nodes for Efficient Resource Usage
<p>This is the online artifact containing the code, data and evaluation log of the experiment performed for the research paper accepted at IEEE QRS 2022 with the title: </p> <p><strong>Stateful Depletion and Scheduling of Containers on Cloud Nodes for Efficient Resource Usage</strong></p> <p><strong>Abstract:</strong> Container scheduling is a fundamental part of today’s service and cloud-based applications. Schedulers operate at different levels depending on how much control the system developers have. On the one hand, container orchestration managers such as Google Kubernetes manage the scheduling of containers to different nodes. On the other hand, serverless managers, such as Google Autopilot, take care of the underlying infrastructure automatically, and developers do not need to manage the nodes. However, when it comes to container depletion, i.e., removing the assigned cloud resources to an idle container, current scheduling technologies have limitations. In this paper, we propose our approach to managing cloud resource usage when containers are idle efficiently. For this purpose, we deplete idle containers statefully, i.e., propose a novel manager that monitors idle containers, saves their state, and efficiently depletes them. This manager reconstructs a depleted container using the saved state when reconstruction is needed. In our approach, we suggest an Infrastructure as Code component to automate the creation of new nodes if a depleted container cannot be scheduled on the same node, e.g., because of being overloaded. We provide an analytical model for the stateful depletion of containers and their rescheduling and empirically evaluate the accuracy of our model. For this purpose, we ran an experiment on a private cloud infrastructure and Google Cloud Platform. Our model has a low error rate of 4.28% averaged over public and private clouds.</p>
High-resolution African HLA resource uncovers HLA-DRB1 expression effects underlying vaccine response: summary statistics
<p>How human genetic variation contributes to vaccine immunogenicity and effectiveness is unclear, particularly in infants from Africa. We undertook genome-wide association analyses of eight vaccine antibody responses in 2,499 infants from three African countries and identified significant associations across the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) locus for five antigens spanning pertussis, diphtheria and hepatitis B vaccines. Using high-resolution HLA typing in 1,706 individuals from 11 African populations we constructed a continental imputation resource to fine-map signals of association across the class II HLA observing genetic variation explaining up to 10% of the observed variance in antibody responses. Using follicular helper T-cell assays, <em>in silico</em> binding, and immune cell eQTL datasets we find evidence of <em>HLA-DRB1</em> expression correlating with serological response and inferred protection from pertussis following vaccination. This work improves our understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying HLA associations that should support vaccine design and development across Africa with wider global relevance.</p>
ARCH-COMP 2022 Category Report: Falsification with Ubounded Resources
<p>This report presents the results from the 2022 friendly competition in the ARCH workshop for the falsification of temporal logic specifications over Cyber-Physical Systems. We briefly describe the competition settings, which have been inherited and adapted from the previous years, give background on the participating teams and tools, and discuss the selected benchmarks. In this year’s competition, in addition to the result validation introduced in the previous year, we change the experimental settings for a better account of the difficulty of benchmarks and for a better comparability between the tools.</p> <p>There are three files. The data submitted by the participants is stored in the <strong>results </strong>archive. The validator infrastructure is stored in <strong>validation</strong> and the produced validation report is stored in <strong>report</strong>.</p> <p>To re-run the validation on Linux with a somewhat recent MATLAB installation, unpack the first two archives in the same directory. Make sure that the <strong>models</strong> folder from <a href="https://gitlab.com/goranf/ARCH-COMP">https://gitlab.com/goranf/ARCH-COMP</a> is available at relative path <strong>../../models/</strong> which you can check by:</p> <p>ls ../../models<br> ls validation/falstar.sh<br> <br> To run validation, proceed as follows</p> <p>cd validation<br> ./falstar-config.sh # once<br> ./falstar.sh validate-$TOOL.cfg<br> <br> where $TOOL is the name of one of the tools such that the corresponding configuration file exists.</p> <p>If there are open issues, please contact Gidon Ernst <gidon.ernst@lmu.de></p>
SWaveform resource CHM data
<p>This is a part of data associated with SWaveform resource (swaveform.compbio.ru). The data encompasses depth of coverage (DOC) signals from YRI, CHS and PUR family trio's children characterized in Chaisson et al [Chaisson, Mark J P et al., 2019]. We envision it to be a demo collection to deploy the SWaveform locally and to test the accompanying toolset.</p>
SWaveform resource GIAB HG002 data
<p>This is a part of data associated with SWaveform resource (swaveform.compbio.ru). The data encompasses depth of coverage (DOC) signals from Genome in a Bottle consortia (GIAB) [Zook, Justin M et al. 2016] sample HG002. As the latter provides variant calls and regions for use in benchmarking and validating variant calling pipelines and contains a smaller number of individuals, we envision it to be a demo collection to deploy the SWaveform locally and to test the accompanying toolset.</p>
Dataset for Energy Resource Management Considering Participation in the Wholesale Day-Ahead Market
<p>This release is associated with a paper entitled "A Novel Framework for Day-Ahead Market Clearing Process Featuring a Hybrid Pricing Mechanism".</p> <p>In this document, we provide the mathematical manipulation employed to linearize an MPEC problem that models the market-clearing process considering the participation of generation companies and distribution operators in the day-ahead market. Additionally, we provide a numerical example of the pricing mechanism designed for solving the optimization problem. </p> <p>Finally, we include information regarding the transmission and distribution power systems adopted to present the results shown in the paper. These systems are modified versions of the IEEE <a href="https://icseg.iti.illinois.edu/ieee-14-bus-system/">14-bus</a> and the IEEE <a href="https://cmte.ieee.org/pes-testfeeders/resources/">34-bus</a>, respectively. Three renewable non-dispatchable generators were added to the original 14-bus system, while 5 dispatchable generators and 3 non-dispatchable generators were added to the distribution system. 13 load shapes were considered as well as 5 scenarios for each uncertain variable (wind velocity, solar irradiance, distribution load oscillation, and transmission load oscillation). The data regarding the costs and physical parameters of each of the power system's elements are provided in this document.</p>
Reproduction ecology of an emerging fishery resource, the amphibious mudskipper Periophthalmus chrysospilos, in the Mekong Delta
<p>The Gold-Spotted mudskipper<i> Periophthalmus chrypsospilos</i> is a potential aquarium pet living in the mudflats in coastal and estuarine regions, but populations of this mudskipper within the Mekong Delta are facing extirpation risks due to indiscriminate harvesting for the growing aquarium and food-fish trade. Consequently, this research aims to provide first reproductive references such as spawning type and season, length at first mature, batch fecundity, being used in conservation and artificially propagation research. Analysis results from 1,031 individuals (523 males and 508 females) reveal that the sex ratio of total individuals recorded is 1:1 (523 males and 508 females) (<i>c<sup>2</sup></i>=0.22, <i>p</i>=0.64). The <i>GSI</i> values are found to exhibit a non-normal distribution (Shapiro-Wilk Test, NJ=0.87, <i>p</i><0.01) and change by gender (Mann-Whitney U, <i>Z</i>=27.04, <i>p</i><0.01), season (<i>Z</i>=6.17, <i>p</i><0.01) and site (Kruskal-Wallis H, <i>c<sup>2</sup></i>=40.72,<i> p<</i>0.01). A combination of <i>GSIs</i> and the monthly appearance of mature gonads suggest that this species reproduces throughout the year, with a peak from July to October. This species exhibits sexual and spatial variation in the size at first maturity (<i>L<sub>m</sub></i>) as <i>L<sub>m</sub></i> is 6.2-8.6 cm in males and 6.4-7.3 cm in females. The batch fecundity (<i>F</i>=2,614 to 23,465 eggs/female) exhibits non-normal distribution (Shapiro-Wilk Test, NJ=0.96, <i>p</i><0.01) and varies with site (Kruskal-Wallis H, <i>c<sup>2</sup> </i>=35.55,<i> p<</i>0.01), reaching the highest point at Dam Doi, Ca Mau (13,336±1,279 SE) and the lowest point at Tran De, Soc Trang (6,654±851 SE). In addition, <i>F</i> is directly proportional to body size due to high determination values of relationships between <i>F</i> and fish size (<i>r<sup>2</sup></i>>0.64 for all cases). Information derived on the reproductive biology of this species can inform its conservation, sustainable exploitation, and ex-situ propagation.</p>
The effect of short term storage operation on resource adequacy
<table> <tbody> <tr> <td> <p>Input data and results used for paper "The effect of short term storage operation on resource adequacy", to be published soon in SEGAN. Associated git repository can be found here: https://gitlab.kuleuven.be/u0128861/storage-operation-and-lole. Instructions for how to use the data here can be found in the README of the above GitLab repository. (Written on 2023-01-18)</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>
Supplementary material 2 from: Bila Dubaić J, Plećaš M, Raičević J, Lanner J, Ćetković A (2022) Early-phase colonisation by introduced sculptured resin bee (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae, Megachile sculpturalis) revealed by local floral resource variability. NeoBiota 73: 57-85. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.73.80343
Study area – Belgrade (Serbia): basic topography, biogeography, ecological patterns and urbanistic zonation
Supplementary material 3 from: Bila Dubaić J, Plećaš M, Raičević J, Lanner J, Ćetković A (2022) Early-phase colonisation by introduced sculptured resin bee (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae, Megachile sculpturalis) revealed by local floral resource variability. NeoBiota 73: 57-85. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.73.80343
Quantitative survey of distribution and abundance parameters of M. sculpturalis and S. japonicum in the Belgrade area in August 2019
Mineral resources and the salience of ethnic identities
<p>This paper shows how ethnic identities may become more salient due to natural resources extraction. We combine individual data on the strength of ethnic – relative to national – identities with geo-localized information on the contours of ethnic homelands and on the timing and location of mineral resources exploitation in 25 African countries, from 2005 to 2015. Our strategy takes advantage of several dimensions of exposure to resources exploitation: time, spatial proximity, and ethnic proximity. We find that the strength of an ethnic group identity increases when mineral resource exploitation in that group’s historical homeland intensifies. We argue that<br> this result is at least partly rooted in feelings of relative deprivation associated with the exploitation of the resources. We show that such exploitation has limited positive economic spillovers, especially for members of the indigenous ethnic group; and that the link between mineral resources and the salience of ethnic identities is reinforced among members of powerless ethnic groups, and<br> groups with strong baseline identity feelings or living in poorer areas, or areas with a history of conflict. Put together, these finding suggest a new dimension of the natural resource curse: the fragmentation of identities, between ethnic groups and nations.</p>
Spatial and temporal resource partitioning in a mixed-species colony of avian echolocators
<p><span>Resource partitioning may facilitate the coexistence of sympatric species with similar ecological requirements. Here, we study a colony of unusual echolocating birds called swiftlets, which nest underground on an island off the coast of Singapore. The colony comprises two congeneric swiftlet species, black-nest swiftlets (<em>Aerodramus maximus</em>) and edible-nest swiftlets (<em>A</em>. <em>fuciphagus</em>), nesting at high densities and in close proximity. Bioacoustic recordings and monitoring of nesting biology at the site across multiple seasons revealed significant differences in echolocation calls as well as survival rates between the species, with the larger black-nest swiftlet nesting at locations with the highest fledging rates. We also observe an additional off-season breeding peak by the smaller species, the edible-nest swiftlet. Unexpectedly, off-season egg hatching rates were significantly higher compared to rates during the shared breeding season (mean difference = 14%). Our study on the breeding biology of these echolocating cave-dwelling birds provides an example of spatial and temporal strategies that animals employ to partition resources within a confined habitat.</span></p>
Resources for "Function-as-a-Service Performance Evaluation with Application-level Workflows"
<p><strong>Thesis</strong></p> <p>"Function-as-a-Service Performance Evaluation with Application-level Workflows"</p> <p><strong>Dataset</strong></p> <p>All extracted data from the benchmark runs in each CSP are available as machine-readable CSV.</p>
Resources for Page Stream Segmentation dataset SIGIR 2023
<p>Resources for the paper "SIGIR 2023 Short Paper: Agglomerative Clustering for Page Stream Segmentation", submitted to the short track of SIGIR 2023</p>
Negative effects of the spatial clumping of thermal resources on lizard thermoregulation in a fragmented habitat
<p>Abstract of the manuscript associated to this dataset:</p> <p>In ecosystems threatened by the expansion of croplands, habitat fragmentation and climate change, two of the main extinction drivers, may have thermoregulationmediated interacting effects on demographic trends of terrestrial ectotherms. We studied the thermal biology of a metapopulation of the widespread Mediterranean lacertid Psammodromus algirus in fragments of evergreen or deciduous oak forests interspersed among cereal fields. We obtained thermoregulation statistics (selected temperature range, body and operative temperatures, thermal quality of the habitat, and precision, accuracy, and effectiveness of thermoregulation) that could be compared among fragments and with conspecific populations living in unfragmented habitat. We also measured the selection (use vs. availability) and spatial distribution of sunlit and shaded patches used for behavioral thermoregulation in fragments, and we estimated operative temperatures and thermal habitat quality in the agricultural matrix surrounding the fragments. Variation of the thermal environment was much larger within fragments than among them, and thermoregulation was accurate, precise, and efficient throughout the fragmented landscape; its effectiveness was similar to that of previously studied unfragmented populations. The average distance between sunlit and shaded patches was shorter in deciduous than in evergreen fragments, producing a more clumped distribution of the mosaic of thermal resources. Consequently, in evergreen habitat the cost of thermoregulation was higher, because lizards were more selective in their choice of sunlit sites (they used sunlit patches closer to shade and refuge than expected at random, and the extent of such selection was larger than at deciduous habitat). Temperatures available in croplands were too high to allow lizard dispersal, at least in the post-breeding season. This result confirms the role of croplands as a thermal barrier that promotes inbreeding in isolated fragments, and it forecasts a dark future for populations of forest lizards in agricultural landscapes under the combined effects of habitat fragmentation and global warming.</p>
Figure 10 in Towards completing the crocodile newts' puzzle with all-inclusive phylogeographic resources
Figure 10. Appearance of Tylototriton (Tylototriton) houi sp. nov. Top: live individual observed near the type locality (credits: Mian Hou); middle: the holotype MZL-46960 curated at the Cantonal Museum of Zoology of Lausanne (credits: CD); bottom: the type locality in Jade Dragon Snow Mountain (Hengduan massif in northern Yunnan) and observation of a larvae of the new species (credits: AH).
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.