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FIG. 1 in State of the Amphibia 2020: A Review of Five Years of Amphibian Research and Existing Resources

FIG. 1. Trends in amphibian research from 2016 through 2020 by (A) proportion change in publication number and (B) absolute number of publications in each biological subfield. The additional categories of ''amphibian'' and ''background'' in panel A refer to the proportional change of all amphibian publications and all publications (not amphibian-specific) from 2016 to 2020.

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FIG. 8 in State of the Amphibia 2020: A Review of Five Years of Amphibian Research and Existing Resources

FIG. 8. The cumulative number of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), nuclear DNA (nDNA), and messenger RNA (mRNA) sequences, as well as species, added to the GenBank Nucleotide database from 1982 to 2020, highlighting the last five years, 2016–2020, in blue. Some of the projects that contributed substantially to increase sequence numbers are highlighted on the figure; see text for references. Years missing data points indicate that no data were submitted that year for that order.

Figure 6 in Improving kettle holes as habitat and reproduction areas for amphibians - a case study in organic farms in north-eastern Germany

Figure 6. Influence of the clearance of woody plants on the number of kettle holes with priority species occurrence (a) and priority species with reproduction (b) in organically farmed fields in north-eastern Germany. 6 pairs of kettle holes are shown each with a maximum of 4 priority species (2018-2020). Each point represents a pair of kettle holes. The diagonal line describes no difference in species numbers, and points above show an incidence of more species after the removal.

Figure 5 in Improving kettle holes as habitat and reproduction areas for amphibians - a case study in organic farms in north-eastern Germany

Figure 5. Influence of the clearance of woody plants on the number of kettle holes with species occurrence (a) and species with reproduction (b) in organically farmed fields in north-eastern Germany. 6 pairs of kettle holes are shown each with a maximum of 7 species (2018-2020). Each point represents a pair of kettle holes. The diagonal line describes no difference in species numbers, and points above show an incidence of more species after the removal.

Figure 2 in Improving kettle holes as habitat and reproduction areas for amphibians - a case study in organic farms in north-eastern Germany

Figure 2. Number of kettle holes with occurrence (left) and reproduction (right) of amphibian species on organically farmed fields in north-eastern Germany (n = 44 kettle holes, 2016-2020).

Figure 3 in Improving kettle holes as habitat and reproduction areas for amphibians - a case study in organic farms in north-eastern Germany

Figure 3. Number of kettle holes with single species occurrence and reproduction on organically farmed fields in northeastern Germany (n = 44 kettle holes, 2016-2020).

Figure 4 in Improving kettle holes as habitat and reproduction areas for amphibians - a case study in organic farms in north-eastern Germany

Figure 4. Preferences of the different amphibian species for four types of kettle holes (I to IV) with occurrence (left) and reproduction (right) (standard error, n = number of kettle holes, 2016-2020).

Figure 4 in COI barcoding provides reliable species identification and pinpoints cryptic diversity in Western Palearctic amphibians

Figure 4. Representation of the barcoding gap for the Anura (upper panel) and Caudata (bottom panel) datasets. Each individual in the dataset is represented by a vertical line in: blue, when a barcoding gap exists (the bottom of the line representing the maximum intraspecific distance, and the top of the line representing the minimum interspecific distance);

Figure 3 in COI barcoding provides reliable species identification and pinpoints cryptic diversity in Western Palearctic amphibians

Figure 3. Gene tree constructed using the DNA barcode fragment of the COI mitochondrial gene tree for Western Palearctic urodeles, estimated under a Bayesian framework. Nodes are collapsed at the genus level and colours correspond to genera; images are a representative species for each genus. Black dots on nodes indicate posterior probabilities> 0.90.

Figure 5 in COI barcoding provides reliable species identification and pinpoints cryptic diversity in Western Palearctic amphibians

Figure 5. Results from barcoding efficiency methods (BOLDi and Meier's BCM) to determine the consistency of DNA barcodes with currently accepted taxonomy for Anura (top) and Caudata (bottom) datasets.

Figure 2 in COI barcoding provides reliable species identification and pinpoints cryptic diversity in Western Palearctic amphibians

Figure 2. Gene tree constructed using the DNA barcode fragment of the COI mitochondrial gene tree for Western Palearctic anurans, estimated under a Bayesian framework. Nodes are collapsed at the genus level and colours correspond to genera; Downloaded from Brill.com 08/07/2024 04:59:37PM images are for one representative species for via eachOpen genus. Access Black. dots Thisonis an nodesopen indicateaccessposterior articleprobabilities distributed> 0.90 under. the terms

Figure 1 in Improving kettle holes as habitat and reproduction areas for amphibians - a case study in organic farms in north-eastern Germany

Figure 1. Location of the two study areas in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania (study area 1) and Brandenburg (study area 2), Germany.

Figure 1 in COI barcoding provides reliable species identification and pinpoints cryptic diversity in Western Palearctic amphibians

Figure 1. The distribution of samples for Anura and Caudata datasets included in this study with the limits of the Western Palearctic region and georeferenced samples indicated.

Figure 3 in Hydroperiod of temporary ponds threats amphibian recruitment in Mediterranean environments

Figure 3. Precipitation fallen per month each hydrological year during the studied period. Colours represent the number of ponds filled at the beginning of the spring. The total amount of precipitation each year is showed in bold.

Figure 2 in Hydroperiod of temporary ponds threats amphibian recruitment in Mediterranean environments

Figure 2. Annual rainfall in Maamora forest from 2008 to 2022. Each hydrological year includes data from September of

Figure 1 in Hydroperiod of temporary ponds threats amphibian recruitment in Mediterranean environments

Figure 1. Location of the study area and distribution of the temporary ponds in 2017 (medium bright green dots), in 2018 Downloaded from Brill.com 08/07/2024 04:58:47PM (bigger light green dots), in 2019 (medium dark viablue Opendots) Access and.inThis 2021is(an smallestopenlight accessblue dots article). distributed under the terms

Figure 4 in Groundwater decline has negatively affected the well-preserved amphibian community of Doñana National Park (SW Spain)

Figure 4. Number of amphibian species in each grid cell in the 2003-2004 and 2021-2022 survey periods (grid cells with red borders = dry ponds with 0 species).

Figure 3 in Groundwater decline has negatively affected the well-preserved amphibian community of Doñana National Park (SW Spain)

Figure 3. Number of grid cells in which each amphibian species occurred in the 2003-2004 and 2021-2022 survey periods. (Number of grid cells in 2003-2004 = 128, number of grid cells in 2021-2022 = 102).

Figure 2 in Groundwater decline has negatively affected the well-preserved amphibian community of Doñana National Park (SW Spain)

Figure 2. Occurrence of each amphibian species in Doñana National Park during the 2003-2004 and 2021-2022 survey periods. The first map shows the grid cells sampled during each survey period; in orange are the grid cells only surveyed in 2003-2004, in dark green are those only surveyed in 2021-2022, and in light green are those sampled during both periods. Red-bordered are the grid cells with data for 2003-2004 from ponds that were dry in 2021-2022. Similar colours are shown

Figure 1 in Groundwater decline has negatively affected the well-preserved amphibian community of Doñana National Park (SW Spain)

Figure 1. (A): Map of Doñana National Park (SW Spain) showing the sandy area (stabilized and moving dunes), and marsh. It also includes the cartography of temporary ponds, and permanent ponds (as per Gómez-Rodríguez et al., 2011). (B): Ponds Downloaded from Brill.com 08/07/2024 04:54:25PM sampled and the percentage of terrestrial vegetation via Openobserved Accessin. This their is basinsan.open access article distributed under the terms