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2,608 results for “breed”
Sympatrically-breeding congeneric seabirds (Stercorarius spp.) from Arctic Canada migrate to four oceans
<p>Polar systems of avian migration remain unpredictable. For seabirds nesting in the Nearctic, it is often difficult to predict which of the world's oceans birds will migrate to after breeding. Here we report on three related seabird species that migrated across four oceans following sympatric breeding at a central Canadian high Arctic nesting location. Using telemetry we tracked pomarine jaeger (<i>Stercorarius pomarinus</i>, n=1) to the Arctic Ocean to the western Pacific Ocean; parasitic jaeger (<i>S. parasiticus</i>, n=4) to the western Atlantic Ocean, and long-tailed jaeger (<i>S. longicaudus</i>, n=2) to the eastern Atlantic Ocean and western Indian Ocean. We also report on extensive nomadic movements over ocean during the post-breeding period (19,002 km) and over land and ocean during the pre-breeding period (5,578 km) by pomarine jaeger, an irruptive species whose full migrations and nomadic behavior have been a mystery. While the small sample sizes in our study limit the ability to make generalizable inferences, our results provide a key input to the knowledge of jaeger migrations. Understanding the routes and migratory divides of birds nesting in the Arctic region has implications for understanding both the glacial refugia of the past and the Anthropocene-driven changes in the future.</p>
Habitat use and foraging parameters of breeding Skylarks indicate no seasonal decrease in food availability in heterogeneous farmland
<p>Reduced food availability during chick raising is a major driver of farmland bird declines. For the Eurasian Skylark (<i>Alauda arvensis</i>), food availability is determined by various factors (i.e., arthropod abundance/diversity, accessibility of the vegetation, distance to foraging sites). In modern farmland, it is supposed to decrease over the breeding season due to less penetrable vegetation. We explored foraging habitat selection by chick-raising Skylarks with a focus on the seasonal dynamics of habitat use and food availability. We investigated i) habitat selection concerning prey biomass/diversity, vegetation cover, and distance to foraging sites, ii) the overall and seasonal habitat use, and iii) seasonal developments of foraging parameters (e.g., the feeding frequency) as indicators of food availability. We collected data on foraging habitats and foraging parameters of chick-raising Skylark pairs at 51 nests from a Central European population in 2018 and 2019. Prey biomass/diversity and vegetation cover were measured for all habitats around 42 of these nests. As revealed by multivariate and compositional analyses, Skylarks mainly selected foraging habitats based on the proximity to nests. The most frequent habitats within home ranges could not be ranked according to an overall importance for foraging and their use partially changed over time. The feeding frequency increased throughout the breeding season, while other foraging parameters did not show significant changes. In contrast to our expectations, our data indicated therefore an increase, not a decrease in food availability in the late breeding season. This also implies that the habitat use was constantly suitable to raise offspring. We interpret this to be a consequence of the heterogeneous farmland composition of the study area that enabled Skylarks to establish a diverse home range and to benefit from synergetic effects of neighboring habitat types. Thus, our findings provide support for the high importance of crop diversity in Skylark conservation.</p>
Large-scale movement patterns in a social vulture are influenced by seasonality, sex, and breeding region
<p>Dataset (in RData format) and Scripts corresponding to each of the analyses carried out for the manuscript entitled "Large-scale movement patterns in a social vulture are influenced by seasonality, sex, and breeding region".</p>
Rapid formation of new migration route and breeding area by Arctic geese
<p>Scripts and datasets used for demographic and climate data analyses in the paper "Rapid formation of new migration route and breeding area by Arctic geese" by Jesper Madsen, Kees H.T. Schreven, Gitte H. Jensen, Fred A. Johnson, Leif Nilsson, Bart A. Nolet and Jorma Pessa</p>
Black-tailed Godwit abundancies across key European breeding habitats
<p>The endangered continental Black-tailed Godwit (<em>Limosa limosa limosa</em>) is a migratory ground-nesting wader breeding in a wide variety of open, wet habitats across Europe. Conservation research has concentrated on the causes of population decline, but we know surprisingly little about whether any resources limit local breeding populations and, if so, whether these are resources for the adults or the chicks. We collected data from 63 key breeding sites in five countries across Europe to test whether, after correcting for differences in surveyed areas, the size of Godwit breeding populations was related to environmental variables (vegetation biomass, soil moisture) or food resources for adult birds (soil invertebrates) or chicks (vegetation dwelling arthropods) measured during different times of the reproductive cycle. We found the number of Godwit territories to be positively related to arthropod abundance during the chick-hatching period. We found additional, weaker support for a positive relation between Godwit territory numbers and the abundance of soil-dwelling invertebrates (mostly earthworms) at clutch laying, but not at chick-hatching. These relationships were observed across countries, while we found little support for relationships within countries, possibly due to the smaller range in conditions that exist within countries. Both vegetation growth and soil moisture weren't related to Godwit territory numbers. Our results suggest that food abundance for chicks, and to a lesser extent adult birds, are key factors determining the size of local Godwit breeding populations. Conservation management aiming to enhance local Godwit populations should therefore consider the impacts of management strategies on the arthropod prey of chicks.</p>
Evaluation of forage quality in a pea breeding program using a hyperspectral sensing system
<p>The dataset includes the leaf reflectance spectra collected using a spectroradiometer and the associated biomass quality traits from laboratory-based near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) analysis from pea breeding trials. The data is used for analysis in the publication "Evaluation of Forage Quality in a Pea Breeding Program Using a Hyperspectral Sensing System".</p>
Data for: Effects of domestication and captive breeding on reaction to moving objects: Implications for avoidance behaviors of obstacles and predators by masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou
<p>Domestication and captive breeding can compromise obstacle- and predator-avoidance of animals in the wild. Whereas previous studies only examined these effects in combination, here we examine them individually by comparing the abilities of wild, F1 (offspring of wild parents), and captive-bred (approx. F15) masu salmon (<em>Oncorhynchus</em> <em>masou</em>) to avoid a falling object under experimental conditions. Rates of avoidance failure were low (wild, 12.5%; F1, 10.7%; captive-bred, 8%) under light conditions but increased under dark conditions (wild, 11.1%; F1, 32.1%; captive-bred, 60.0%). We attribute the elevated avoidance-failure rate among F1 fish to the lack of learning opportunities in hatchery environments, and the further elevation of avoidance-failure rate among captive-bred fish to the degradation of sensory organ function. These results imply reduced survival rates for F1 and captive-bred fish in the wild and are consistent with the low stocking efficiencies reported for captive-bred masu salmon.</p>
Data from: Environmental quality mediates the ecological dominance of cooperatively breeding birds
<p>Code and data associated with the publication: Lin, YH. et al. (2023) Environmental quality mediates the ecological dominance of cooperatively breeding birds. Ecology Letters, in press.</p>
FIG. 3 in Breeding Population Dynamics of Threatened Crawfish Frogs Inform Targets for Habitat Management
FIG. 3. Correlation between tadpole survival and the instantaneous population growth rate (k) for 1,000 points drawn randomly from 1,000 simulations of stochastic population simulations of Nate's Pond with (left panel) and without (right panel) immigration included in the simulation model. The white line is a third order polynomial function fitted to the data, and the gray band represents the 95% confidence interval. The horizontal dashed line indicates a k of 1. The distributions of tadpole survival rates and k values are provided as marginal plots.
FIG. 2 in Breeding Population Dynamics of Threatened Crawfish Frogs Inform Targets for Habitat Management
FIG. 2. Percent change in the instantaneous population growth rate (k) in response to a percent change in female Crawfish Frog tadpole, juvenile, or adult survival rates for a population located in southwest Indiana, USA, between 2009–2013. Percent change in each vital rate represents the general range of that vital rate observed in this study. Change was estimated by varying the focal rate while holding all other rates constant.
FIG. 1 in Breeding Population Dynamics of Threatened Crawfish Frogs Inform Targets for Habitat Management
FIG. 1. (A) Post-birth, females-only, stage matrix model of Crawfish Frogs that accommodates age and state-specific transition probabilities and the ''temporary emigration'' of individuals that skip breeding or breed at other sites. (B) Projection matrix of the model used to estimate elasticities and sensitivities of vital rates. Parameters in the matrix model: embryonic survival (Se), tadpole survival (St), metamorph and juvenile survival (Sj), adult survival following the first breeding event (Sa1), adult survival following two or more breeding events (Sa2), probability that a one-year-old juvenile matures at age 2 (p), probability that a two-year-old juvenile matures at age 3 (q), the probability that a mature individual emigrates to become a non-breeding individual (c22), probability that a non-breeding individual remains a non-breeding individual (c'), and clutch size multiplied by 0.5 to represent half of all eggs developing into females (C). We assumed that all individuals mature by age 4. Individuals that emigrate to become a nonbreeding individual may either skip reproduction or breed at another site.
Figure 4. a in One tree, many colonies: colony structure, breeding system and colonization events of host trees in tunnelling Melissotarsus ants
Figure 4. a, number of matings per queen for each monogyne colony in each population. b, relatedness values among nestmate workers for each colony. Arrows indicate relatedness values between alate queens (rA-A) and the triangle indicates relatedness value between queens in the SL11 polygyne colony.
Figure 3 in One tree, many colonies: colony structure, breeding system and colonization events of host trees in tunnelling Melissotarsus ants
Figure 3. Clustering of nests in the overall sampling using principal component analysis of the microsatellite markers. Clustering analyses were subsequently run for each of the four populations of nests.
Figure 1 in One tree, many colonies: colony structure, breeding system and colonization events of host trees in tunnelling Melissotarsus ants
Figure 1. Geographic positions of the 34 nests of Melissotarsus sampled in four localities in South Africa, and one pooled sample from Mozambique. Insets indicate sampling positions of nests within the localities of uMkhuze (left) and St Lucia (right). Nests located on the same branch or tree are indicated with the same label.
Figure 2 in One tree, many colonies: colony structure, breeding system and colonization events of host trees in tunnelling Melissotarsus ants
Figure 2. Graphical representation of STRUCTURE results determining the number of genetic groups in the overall dataset for different values of K. Each genetic group is characterized by a colour; and each individual is represented by a vertical bar according to its probability of belonging to each group. Distinct simulations were subsequently run for the four populations, separately. In each population, grey bars below the plot indicate different colonies assigned to a single genetic group by STRUCTURE (only the pairs EC1/2 and CEc/ma are not significant using the G-test of differentiation).
Figure 3 in Artificial water bodies as amphibian breeding sites: the case of the common midwife toad (Alytes obstetricans) in central Spain
Figure 3. Geolocations of Alytes obstetricans males (left) and females (right) in the locality of Valtierra during the breeding season of 2020-2021. White polygons approximate home ranges for individuals captured three or more times, white lines represent distances covered by individuals captured twice, and white dots show the locations of individuals captured only once. The orange line represents the minimum convex polygon including all geolocations of all toads (males, females and individuals of unknown sex combined).
Figure 2 in Artificial water bodies as amphibian breeding sites: the case of the common midwife toad (Alytes obstetricans) in central Spain
Figure 2. Abundance estimates (N a, with their 95% confidence intervals) for A. obstetricans males, females and individuals of unknown sex in Valtierra and Fuente del Valle in the breeding seasons of 2019, 2020 and 2021, based on POPAN analyses.
Figure 1. A in Artificial water bodies as amphibian breeding sites: the case of the common midwife toad (Alytes obstetricans) in central Spain
Figure 1. A) Location of the study area in the SE of Comunidad de Madrid (Central Spain). The inset (red box) shows the location of our study area (C). B) Alytes obstetricans male carrying an egg clutch. C) Distribution of A. obstetricans in the study area. The main rivers in the study region are marked in blue, while the white line represents the border of Comunidad de Madrid. Circles of different sizes represent larval abundances (in three categories: small: 1-100, medium: 101-1000, large:>1000), and colors represent natural (purple) and artificial (yellow) breeding sites (for details, see table 1). Numbers in red color refer to localities of Valtierra (28) and Fuente del Valle (29). Photo credit: Carlos Caballero-Díaz.
Signatures of selection in four indigenous horse breeds of Iran
<p>Indigenous Iranian horse breeds were evolutionarily affected by natural and artificial selection in distinct phylogeographic clades which shaped their genomes in several unique ways. The aims of this study were to evaluate genetic diversity and genome-wide selection signatures in four indigenous Iranian horse breeds. We evaluated 169 horses from Caspian (n = 21), Turkmen (n = 29), Kurdish (n = 67), and Persian Arabian (n = 52) populations, using genome-wide genotyping data. The contemporary effective population sizes were 59, 98, 102, and 113 for Turkmen, Caspian, Persian Arabian, and Kurdish, respectively. Analysis of population genetic structure classified the north breeds (Caspian and Turkmen) and west/southwest breeds (Persian Arabian and Kurdish) into two phylogeographic clades reflecting their geographic origin. Using a de-correlated composite of multiple selection signals statistics based on pairwise comparisons, we detected a different number of significant SNPs under putative selection from 13 to 28 for the six pairwise comparisons (FDR < 0.05). The identified SNPs under putative selection coincided with genes previously associated with known QTL for morphological, adaptation, and fitness traits. Our results showed <em>HMGA2</em> and <em>LLPH</em> as strong candidate genes for height variation between Caspian with a small size and the other studied breeds with a medium size. Using results of studies for human height retrieved from the GWAS catalog, we suggested 38 new putative candidate genes under selection. These results provide a genome-wide map of selection signatures in the studied breeds, which represent valuable information for formulating genetic conservation and improved breeding strategies for the breeds.</p>
FIGURE. 4 in Reassessment of species delimitation using nuclear markers in three lentic-breeding salamanders from the Chugoku District of Japan (Amphibia: Caudata: Hynobiidae)
FIGURE. 4. Plot of first against second canonical variates from CAN for three species. Closed circle: H. akiensis; open triangle: H. sumidai; open square: H. geiyoensis.
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.