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Figure 3. Metapenaeus dalli Nauplius II in Larval development of the western school prawn Metapenaeus dalli Racek, 1957 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Penaeidae) reared in the laboratory
Figure 3. Metapenaeus dalli Nauplius II (a) ventral view; (b) first antenna; (c) second antenna; (d) mandible. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.
Figure 1 in Larval development of the western school prawn Metapenaeus dalli Racek, 1957 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Penaeidae) reared in the laboratory
Figure 1. Morphological characters of penaeid larval stages adapted from Dall et al. (1990); (a) Nauplius I dorsal view; (b) Nauplius I lateral view; (c) Protozoea II dorsal view; (d) Protozoea II anterior section ventral view; (e) Mysis and post larva I lateral view; (f) Mysis and post larval tail fan. (g) Right mandible process of Protozoea, Mysis and post-larva sub-stages. Abbreviated labels include: End, endopod; Ex, exopod; 1st Ant, first antenna; 2nd Ant, second antenna; Mn, mandible; Rst sp, rostral spine; Ab somite, abdominal somite; 1st Mx, first maxilla; 2nd Mx, second maxilla; 1st Mxp, first maxilliped; 2nd Mxp, second maxilliped; 3rd Mxp, third maxilliped; 1st per, first pereiopod; 3rd per, third pereiopod; 5th per, fifth pereiopod. © Elsevier, license no. 3686250188613.
Figure 5. Metapenaeus dalli Nauplius IV in Larval development of the western school prawn Metapenaeus dalli Racek, 1957 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Penaeidae) reared in the laboratory
Figure 5. Metapenaeus dalli Nauplius IV (a) ventral view; (b) first antenna; (c) second antenna; (d) mandible. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.
Figure 11. Metapenaeus dalli Mysis I in Larval development of the western school prawn Metapenaeus dalli Racek, 1957 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Penaeidae) reared in the laboratory
Figure 11. Metapenaeus dalli Mysis I (a) lateral view; (b) first antenna; (c) second antenna; (d) mandible; (e) first maxilla; (f) second maxilla; (g) first maxilliped; (h) second maxilliped; (i) third maxilliped; (j) third pereiopod; (k) fifth pereiopod; (l) telson and uropods. Scale bars: a–c, g– l = 0.1 mm; d–f = 0.05 mm.
Figure 10 in Larval development of the western school prawn Metapenaeus dalli Racek, 1957 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Penaeidae) reared in the laboratory
Figure 10. Metapenaeus dalli Protozoea III (a) dorsal view; (b) first antenna; (c) second antenna; (d) mandible; (e) first maxilla; (f) second maxilla; (g) first maxilliped; (h) second maxilliped; (i) third maxilliped; (j) periopod. Scale bars: a–c, g–i = 0.1 mm; d–f = 0.05 mm.
Figure 4 in Morphology of tube-like threads related to Limnochares aquatica (L., 1758) (Acariformes: Hydrachnidia: Limnocharidae) in the laboratory
Figure 4. (a) Transmission (TEM) and (b) scanning (SEM) electron microscopy of threads of the water mites Limnochares aquatica (L.) from the thread balls. (a) Transverse section of the thread showing a dense core (arrowhead) at some distance from a thick wall (arrow). Scale bar = 1 µm; (b) bunch of the threads possessing a core (arrowheads) enclosed within the thread wall (arrows). Scale bar = 10 µm.
Figure 8 in Larval development and emigration behaviour during sea-to-land transition of the land hermit crab Coenobita brevimanus Dana, 1852 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura: Coenobitidae) under laboratory conditions
Figure 8. Coenobita brevimanus, megalopa: (A–E) first to fifth pereiopods, respectively. Scale bar: 100 μm.
Figure 9 in Larval development and emigration behaviour during sea-to-land transition of the land hermit crab Coenobita brevimanus Dana, 1852 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura: Coenobitidae) under laboratory conditions
Figure 9. The proportion of all surviving megalopae and juveniles of Coenobita brevimanus that were on land (○), the proportion carrying shells (Δ), the proportion without shells on land (×) and the proportion of animals found on land that were buried in the sand (●) (A, C), and numbers of megalopae (MG) and juveniles (C1 and C2, first and second crab stages) (B, D) in the two culture groups. (A, B) Megalopae could access land within 24 h after metamorphosing (group 1). (C, D) Megalopae could access land when they walked steadily while wearing shells (group 2). (D) The cumulative number of megalopae that transferred to land (dashed line) is also included for culture group 2.
Figure 6 in Larval development and emigration behaviour during sea-to-land transition of the land hermit crab Coenobita brevimanus Dana, 1852 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura: Coenobitidae) under laboratory conditions
Figure 6. Coenobita brevimanus, fourth zoea: (A) antennule; (B) antenna; (C) mandibles; (D) maxillule; (E) maxilla; (F) first maxilliped; (G) second maxilliped; (H) third maxilliped; (I) telson; (J) pleopod. Scale bars: 100 μm (A–C, E–J) or 50 μm (D).
Geomechanical characterisation of discontinuous greywacke from the Wellington region based on laboratory testing: Dataset
<p>Greywacke rock masses are the most prominent bedrock type across New Zealand, forming approximately 20 % of the country. This paper reviews the publicly available laboratory testing data on the geomechanical properties of greywacke from the Wellington region and compares the results with two recent studies. This includes compilations of density, unconfined compressive strengths, tensile strengths, Poisson’s ratio, Young’s Modulus, and m<sub>i</sub> factor. This paper also presents the first published geomechanical data from a cataclasite zone in the greywacke of the Wellington region. The overall results presented in this paper highlight the influence of both weathering and discontinuities on the geomechanical properties derived from the testing of core samples. The results are discussed in the context of sampling bias, scale effects and recent developments in the geomechanical characterisation of discontinuous rock. Two different approaches for characterising the rock mass geomechanical properties of greywacke at the project-scale are presented. The first approach uses the GSI as the main parameter to capture the change in rock mass character with depth while the UCS remains constant. The second approach uses the UCS as the main parameter to capture the change in rock mass character with depth while the GSI value remains constant.</p>
Evidence of Lax and disregard of laboratory safety protocols and regulations in China
<p>We collected from the Chinese Q&A website, https://www.zhihu.com/ ,First-hand documentation of laboratory safety breaches and incidents within a large number of laboratories with diverse research subjects and purposes in the People's Republic of China (PRC). The laboratories involved inluding Chemistry labs, Biolabs, Computer labs as well as Physics and Engineering labs.</p> <p>From these first-handed documentation, we obtained evidence of relaxed safety regulations and frequent breach of such regulations, with reasons ranging from poor training/education on lab safety, chronic ignorance of safety rules to intentional breach of protocols for purposes other than the research projects of the lab(s) of which the breach was documented in.</p> <p>Such breaches often resulted in safety accidents ranging from physical injury, chemical burns, chemical leaks, damage to property to lab-acquired infection and escape of in-lab pathogens. With consequences from personal-level to institution-level.</p> <p>THe provided .docx data files contained complete data dump from the following URLs:</p> <p>https://www.zhihu.com/question/55778718</p> <p>https://www.zhihu.com/question/23583072</p> <p>We also obtained evidence of improper disposal of laboratory waste in People's Republic of China from the following URL:</p> <p>https://www.zhihu.com/question/23583072</p> <p>We strongly advice relevant authorities to tighten lab safety rules, to engage in proper education of such rules to lab workers and researchers, and to take whatever action needed to stem the epidemic of safety violations and protocol breaches within Chinese Laboratories, in order to stop such frequent safety accidents from happening again in the future.</p>
Divergence of responses to variable socio-sexual environments in laboratory populations of Drosophila melanogaster evolving under altered operational sex-ratios
<p class="BodyA">Post-copulatory sexual selection (PSS) is an important selective force that determines fitness in polyandrous species. PSS can be intense in some cases and can drive the evolution of remarkable ejaculate properties. In males, investment in ejaculate plays an important role in the outcome of PSS. Thus, males are expected to adaptively tailor their ejaculate according to the perceived competition in their vicinity. Plastic responses in ejaculate investment to variation in intra-sexual competition are disparate and widespread in males.</p> <p class="BodyA"><span>We investigated the evolution of plasticity in reproductive traits using <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> populations evolving for more than 150 generations under male- or female-biased sex ratios.</span> <span>When exposed to different numbers of competitors early in their life, males from these two regimes responded differently in terms of their copulation duration and sperm competitive ability. In addition, the effect of this early life experience wore off at different rates in males of male-biased and female-biased regimes with increasing time from the removal of competitive cues. Furthermore, our study finds that males change their reproductive strategies depending upon the identity of rival males. Together, our results provide evidence of the evolution of male reproductive investment that depends on socio-sexual cues experienced early in life. </span></p>
FIGURE 6. Alecton discoidalis pupae. A in Description of life cycle and preimaginal stages of Alecton discoidalis Laporte 1833 (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) under laboratory conditions
FIGURE 6. Alecton discoidalis pupae. A: female. B: male.
laboratory
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Supplementary material 2 from: Lang A, Dolek M, Lee MS, Freese-Hager A, Otto M (2020) Selection of non-target Lepidoptera species to test Bt maize effects in the laboratory: which species and how to breed them? BioRisk 15: 45-65. https://doi.org/10.3897/biorisk.15.59823
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Supplementary material 1 from: Lang A, Dolek M, Lee MS, Freese-Hager A, Otto M (2020) Selection of non-target Lepidoptera species to test Bt maize effects in the laboratory: which species and how to breed them? BioRisk 15: 45-65. https://doi.org/10.3897/biorisk.15.59823
Reference list: breeding and rearing Lepidoptera
Standing genetic variation in laboratory populations of insecticide-susceptible Phlebotomus papatasi and Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) for the evolution of resistance
<p>Insecticides can exert strong selection on insect pest species, including those that vector diseases, and have led to rapid evolution of resistance. Despite such rapid evolution, relatively little is known about standing genetic variation for resistance in insecticide-susceptible populations of many species. To help fill this knowledge gap, we generated genotyping-by-sequencing data from insecticide-susceptible Phlebotomus papatasi and Lutzomyia longipalpis sand flies that survived or died from a sub-diagnostic exposure to either permethrin or malathion using a modified version of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention bottle bioassay. Multi-locus genome-wide association mapping methods were used to quantify standing genetic variation for insecticide resistance in these populations and to identify specific alleles associated with insecticide survival. For each insecticide treatment, we estimated the proportion of the variation in survival explained by the genetic data (i.e. 'chip' heritability) and the number and contribution of individual loci with measurable effects. For all treatments, survival to an insecticide exposure was heritable with a polygenic architecture. Both P. papatasi and L. longipalpis had alleles for survival that resided within many genes throughout their genomes. The implications for resistance conferred by many alleles, as well as inferences made about the utility of laboratory insecticide resistance association studies compared to field observations, are discussed in the manuscript that accompanies this data.</p>
Data from: Chlamydomonas genome resource for laboratory strains reveals a mosaic of sequence variation, identifies true strain histories, and enables strain-specific studies
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a widely used reference organism in studies of photosynthesis, cilia, and biofuels. Most research in this field uses a few dozen standard laboratory strains that are reported to share a common ancestry, but exhibit substantial phenotypic differences. In order to facilitate ongoing Chlamydomonas research and explain the phenotypic variation, we mapped the genetic diversity within these strains using whole-genome resequencing. We identified 524,640 single nucleotide variants and 4812 structural variants among 39 commonly used laboratory strains. Nearly all (98.2%) of the total observed genetic diversity was attributable to the presence of two, previously unrecognized, alternate haplotypes that are distributed in a mosaic pattern among the extant laboratory strains. We propose that these two haplotypes are the remnants of an ancestral cross between two strains with ∼2% relative divergence. These haplotype patterns create a fingerprint for each strain that facilitates the positive identification of that strain and reveals its relatedness to other strains. The presence of these alternate haplotype regions affects phenotype scoring and gene expression measurements. Here, we present a rich set of genetic differences as a community resource to allow researchers to more accurately conduct and interpret their experiments with Chlamydomonas.
Data from: Sex-specific density-dependent secretion of glucocorticoids in lizards: insights from laboratory and field experiments
Negative density feedbacks have been extensively described in animal species and involve both consumptive (i.e. trophic interactions) and non-consumptive (i.e. social interactions) mechanisms. Glucocorticoids are a major component of the physiological stress response and homeostasis, and therefore make a good candidate for proximate determinants of negative density feedbacks. Here, we combined laboratory and field experiments with enclosed populations to investigate the relationship between density, social stress and plasma corticosterone levels in the common lizard Zootoca vivipara. This species exhibits strong negative density feedbacks that affect females more than males, and its life history is sensitive to experimentally-induced chronic elevation of corticosterone plasma levels. We found that prolonged crowding in the laboratory can trigger a chronic secretion of corticosterone independent from food restriction. In the field experiments, corticosterone levels of females were not affected by population density. Corticosterone levels of males increased with population density but only during the late activity season in a first field experiment where we manipulated density. They also increased with density during the mating season but only in populations with a female-biased sex ratio in a second field experiment where we crossed manipulated density and adult sex ratio. Altogether, our results provide limited evidence for a role of basal corticosterone secretion in density feedbacks in this species. Context and density-dependent effects in males may arise from changes in behavior caused by competition for resources, male–male competition, and mating.
Data from: Multiplicity of infection does not accelerate infectivity evolution of viral parasites in laboratory microcosms
Coinfection with multiple parasite genotypes (multiplicity of infection) creates within-host competition and opportunities for parasite recombination, and is therefore predicted to be important for both parasite and host evolution. We tested for a difference in the infectivity of viral parasites (lytic phage Φ2) and resistance of their bacterial hosts (Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25) under both high and low multiplicity of infection (MOI) during coevolution in laboratory microcosms. Results show that MOI has no effect on infectivity and resistance evolution during coevolution over approximately 80 generations of host growth, and this is true when the experiment is initiated with wild-type viruses and hosts, or with viruses and hosts that have already been coevolving for ~330 generations. This suggests that MOI does not have a net effect of accelerating parasite adaptation to hosts through recombination, or retarding adaptation to hosts through between-parasite conflict in this system.
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.