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23,351 results for “Comparative”
Spontaneous retinal reperfusion of capillary nonperfusion areas in diabetic retinopathy: A comparative angiographic illustration by FFA and OCTA
<p>Purpose: To describe a case of diabetic macular ischemia developing reperfusion without any treatment involved.</p> <p>Observations: A 35-year-old diabetic girl with well controlled blood glucose who complained about visual impairment in the left eye. When first seen she had paramacular retinal nonperfusion on angiographic imaging, together with retinal thinning and intraretinal microvascular abnormalities. Marked reversal of the retinal perfusion occurred within 7 months. Some original nonperfusion areas were reperfused with normal capillary, while some showed revascularized with intraretinal microvascular abnormalities.</p> <p>Conclusion and importance: There was rare report that diabetic macular nonperfusion area could be reperfused spontaneously by revascularization. Our case presents an uncommon result of nonperfusion areas with the process being well captured by fundus fluorescein angiography and optic coherence tomography angiography. </p>
Shoot senescence in perennials of seasonal habitats: Comparative analysis of a large set of species
<p>1. Senescence in plants is a hierarchical process affecting all their body parts from cells to whole organisms. Here we aim to fill the gap between the existing knowledge on leaf senescence and rapidly accumulating evidence on whole-plant senescence by addressing patterns and drivers of shoot senescence of herbaceous plants. This is a key process that determines photosynthetic gain late in the season and economy of soil-borne nutrients in seasonal climate.</p> <p>2. We present a comparative study of 231 temperate species, ranging from spring ephemeroids to species senescing in late autumn, in a common botanical garden collection, thus minimizing difference in environmental drivers affecting individual species. We assessed senescence by measuring size decline in the later part of the season.</p> <p>3. There were two main directions of variation in senescence trajectories: rate-date axis, separating early and fast senescing species from late and slowly senescing species, and the shape-asynchrony axis separating species with accelerating and synchronised senescence from non-accelerating senescence asynchronous among individual shoots. While accelerating senescence late in the season can be due to environmental harshness (frost), accelerating senescence early in the season is likely to be an indication of an active process.</p> <p>4. As expected, rate and shape of shoot senescence were associated both with leaf- and shoot-level traits. Species having leaves with high dry matter content senesced linearly and showed higher asynchrony among individual senescing shoots. Species with larger specific leaf area tended to senesce earlier and faster, and in synchronous and accelerating manner. Tall plants senesced later and in a more synchronous and accelerating manner.</p> <p>5. Species from different habitats varied in their senescence patterns. We confirmed the hypothesis that forest species postpone their senescence relative to open-habitats species, presumably to boost their photosynthetic balance, but did not confirm the hypothesis that plants from nutrient-poor habitats senesce earlier to retain soil-borne nutrients before the advent of frost.</p> <p>6. Synthesis. We show that while leaf senescence scales up to contribute to shoot senescence, shoot senescence has its additional independent drivers and is a phenomenon in its own right with clear environmental drivers. </p>
A comparative study on the stability of the furfural molecule on the low index Ni, Pd and Pt surfaces
<p>We present a comparative density functional theory investigation of the furfural (Ff ) molecule on the low index Ni, Pd and Pt surfaces to understand its geometrical and electronic properties to gain mechanistic insights into the experimentally measured catalytic reactivities of these metal catalysts. We show that the number of metal d-states, which hybridize with the nearest C and O p-orbitals of the Ff molecule, can be used to explain the stability of the Ff molecule on these surfaces. We find that the hybridization between atoms with higher electronegativity and the metal d-states plays a crucial role in determining the stability of these systems. Furthermore, we also find electron transfer from metal to the Ff molecule on the Ni and Pd surfaces, with a reverse process occurring on the Pt surface.</p>
A randomized clinical trial to compare P. falciparum gametocytaemia and infectivity following blood-stage or mosquito bite induced controlled malaria infection
<p>For malaria elimination efforts, it is important to better understand parasite transmission to mosquitoes and to develop models to allow early clinical evaluation of transmission-blocking interventions. We previously described a Controlled Human Malaria Infection protocol for induction of gametocytemia in malaria naïve volunteers by mosquito bite (CHMI-trans) (Reuling et al., 2018). Here, we compared gametocyte production and infectivity in the CHMI-trans model after bites of <em>Plasmodium falciparum (Pf)- </em>infected mosquitoes to that after intravenous administration of <em>Pf-</em>infected-erythrocytes. Volunteers received (sub) curative treatments with gametocyte-permissive piperaquine or sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine. Blood-stage inoculation induced considerably higher gametocyte densities compared to mosquito bitesthat was predicted by <em>Pf</em>AP2-G transcripts indicative of gametocyte commitment, and resulted in <em>Pf</em>-positive mosquito infections in 9/12 volunteers versus 0/12 volunteers after mosquito bite inoculation. Current findings firmly establish the CHMI-trans with intravenous administration of asexual parasites as a model for early clinical evaluation of interventions that aim to interrupt <em>Pf</em>-transmission.</p>
Data Archive for "Acceleration as a proxy for energy expenditure in a facultative-soaring bird: comparing dynamic body acceleration and time-energy budgets to heart rate"
<p>Heart rate, acceleration, and respirometry data from four wild-caught gulls during climate chamber and treadmill calibration measurements (2018), as well as heart rate and acceleration data from five free-ranging gulls from a colony on Texel, NL during the breeding season (May - July, 2019). </p> <p> </p>
Fig. 8 in Eight Species Of Anuran Amphibians (Amphibia, Anura) Found In Ukraine: Comparative Morphology And Classification Of Larval Development Stages
Fig. 8. Dynamics of four species' anuran amphibians body linear parameters.
Fig. 3 in Comparative Analysis Of Karyotypes Of Two Cryptic Species Of Pelobatid Frogs (Amphibia, Anura) Of Ukraine
Fig. 3. Absolute length of chromosomes in spadefoots (Pelobates) of Ukraine. nm.
Fig. 1, 1–10 in Song Repertoire And Comparative Analysis Of Song Structure Of Chaffinch, Fringilla Coelebs (Fringillidae), From The Northeast Of Balkan Region
Fig. 1, 1–10. Sonograms of most frequent song types of Balkan chaffinches.
Fig. 1, 10–18 in Song Repertoire And Comparative Analysis Of Song Structure Of Chaffinch, Fringilla Coelebs (Fringillidae), From The Northeast Of Balkan Region
Fig. 1, 10–18. Sonograms of most frequent song types of Balkan chaffinches.
Abandoned pastures and restored savannahs have distinct patterns of plant-soil feedback and nutrient cycling compared with native Brazilian savannahs.
<p>Around 40% of the original Brazilian savannah territory is occupied by pastures dominated by fast-growing exotic C4 grasses, which impact ecosystem nutrient cycling. The restoration of these areas depends on the re-establishment of soil processes. We assessed how restoration of abandoned pastures through direct seeding of native species and land-management practices (burning and ploughing) affect soil nutrient cycling dynamics compared to native savannahs. We compared the activity of soil enzymes related to carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) cycling, as well as soil microbial biomass and soil chemical properties, such as pH and the concentration of N, P, potassium (K) and soil organic matter, among abandoned pastures, native savannah and restored areas. Abandoned pastures had faster nutrient turnover than native savannah, dominated by slow-growing native species. This pattern was evident from the overall higher biomass-specific enzyme activity in abandoned pastures than in native savannah. Compared with native savannah, restored areas had similar levels of soil enzyme activity, but lower microbial biomass and soil organic matter. Synthesis and application: The low enzyme activity in restored areas was likely related to a reduced soil organic carbon concentration due to practices such as burning and ploughing, rather than plant-soil feedback. The lower immobilization of nutrients in microbial biomass and lower retention of nutrients in restored areas, compared with native savannah, is expected to favour the re-establishment of fast-growing exotic species. Furthermore, the modifications of soil chemical and microbial properties related to abandonment of pastures did not influence restoration outcomes, because land-management practices applied prior to direct seedling had a major impact on the soil microbial community and soil fertility. Therefore, restoration of abandoned pastures should consider a greater focus on restoring soil carbon and nutrient cycling.</p>
Data for: "Above and below ground trait coordination in tree seedlings depend on the most limiting resource: A test comparing a wet and a dry tropical forest in Mexico" by L. Sanaphre-Villanueva, F. Pineda-Garcia, W. Dattilo, L. F. Pinzon-Perez, A. Ricaño Rocha, H. Paz.
<p>These data represent those published in “Above and below ground trait coordination in tree seedlings depend on the most limiting resource: A test comparing a wet and a dry tropical forest in Mexico” by L. Sanaphre-Villanueva, F. Pineda-Garcia, W. Dattilo, L. F. Pinzon-Perez, A. Ricaño Rocha, H. Paz. PeerJ. 2022.</p>
Supplementary code and data for: Inferring differential subcellular localisation in comparative spatial proteomics using BANDLE
<p>This repository contains code and data to reproduce the figures in the manuscript: Inferring differential subcellular localisation in comparative spatial proteomics using BANDLE.</p> <p>Please refer to the readme in the repository. </p>
Analogue Models for comparing and testing the relationship between inverted normal faults and pure thrusting during the positive tectonic inversion
<p>This dataset contains a series of Analogue Models for comparing and testing positive tectonic inversion mechanisms and their newly formed structures . Furthermore, it includes 2-D seismic reflection profiles that can be compared with the models presented here. Finally, examples of natural cases that show tectonic inversion processes are included. Both, seismic lines and photos are located on a segment of Andean forearc, specifically, in the Domeyko Cordillera and the Preandean Basins, northern Chile.</p>
Comparing genome-based estimates of relatedness for use in pedigree-based conservation management
<p>Researchers have long debated which estimator of relatedness best captures the degree of relationship between two individuals. In the genomics era, this debate continues, with relatedness estimates being sensitive to the methods used to generate markers, marker quality, and levels of diversity in sampled individuals. Here, we compare six commonly used genome-based relatedness estimators (kinship genetic distance (KGD), Wang Maximum Likelihood (TrioML), Queller and Goodnight (Rxy), Kinship INference for Genome-wide association studies (KING-robust), and Pairwise Relatedness (RAB), allele-sharing co-ancestry (AS)) across five species bred in captivity–including three birds and two mammals–with varying degrees of reliable pedigree data, using reduced-representation and whole genome resequencing data. Genome-based relatedness estimates varied widely across estimators, sequencing methods, and species, yet the most consistent results for known first order relationships were found using Rxy, RAB, and AS. However, AS was found to be less consistently correlated with known pedigree relatedness than either Rxy or RAB. Our combined results indicate there is not a single genome-based estimator that is ideal across different species and data types. To determine the most appropriate genome-based relatedness estimator for each new dataset, we recommend assessing the relative: (1) correlation of candidate estimators with known relationships in the pedigree and (2) precision of candidate estimators with known first-order relationships. These recommendations are broadly applicable to conservation breeding programs, particularly where genome-based estimates of relatedness can complement and complete poorly pedigreed populations. Given a growing interest in the application of wild pedigrees, our results are also applicable to in-situ wildlife management.</p>
Data from: Comparing the importance of farming resource endowments and agricultural livelihood diversification for agricultural sustainability from the perspective of the food–energy–water nexus
<p>Household Survey Data for journal article 'Comparing the importance of farming resource endowments and agricultural livelihood diversification for agricultural sustainability from the perspective of the food–energy–water nexus', without protected data.</p>
A comparative phylogenomic analysis of birds reveals heterogeneous differentiation processes among Neotropical Savannas
<p>The main objective of this study is to evaluate biogeographic hypotheses of diversification and connection between isolated savannas north (Amazonian savannas) and south (Cerrado core) of the Amazon River. To achieve our goal, we employed genomic markers (genotyping by sequencing) to evaluate the genetic structure, population phylogenetic relationships, and historical range shifts of four Neotropical passerines with peri-Atlantic distributions: the Narrow-billed Woodcreeper (<em>Lepidocolaptes angustirostris</em>), the Plain-crested Elaenia (<em>Elaenia cristata</em>), the Grassland Sparrow (<em>Ammodramus humeralis</em>), and the White-banded Tanager (<em>Neothraupis fasciata</em>). The population genetic analyses indicated that landscape (e.g., geographic distance, landscape resistance, and percentage of tree cover) and climate metrics explained divergence among populations in most species, but without indicating a differential role between current and historical factors. Our results did not fully support the hypothesis that isolated populations at Amazonian savannas have been recently derived from the Cerrado core domain. Intraspecific phylogenies and gene flow analyses supported multiple routes of connection between the Cerrado and Amazonian savannas, rejecting the hypothesis that the Atlantic corridor explains the peri-Atlantic distribution. Our results reveal that the biogeographic history of the region is complex and cannot be explained by simple vicariant models.</p>
Research methods and Comparative examination of pinniped craniofacial musculature and its role in aquatic feeding
<p>Secondarily aquatic tetrapods have many unique morphological adaptations for life underwater compared to their terrestrial counterparts. A key innovation during the land-to-water transition was feeding. Pinnipeds, a clade of air-breathing marine carnivorans that includes seals, sea lions, and walruses, have evolved multiple strategies for aquatic feeding (e.g., biting, suction feeding). Numerous studies have examined pinniped skull and dental specializations for underwater feeding. However, data on the pinniped craniofacial musculoskeletal system and its role in aquatic feeding are rare. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to conduct a comparative analysis of pinniped craniofacial musculature and examine the function of the craniofacial musculature in facilitating different aquatic feeding strategies. We performed anatomical dissections of 35 specimens across six pinniped species. We describe 32 pinniped craniofacial muscles—including facial expression, mastication, tongue, hyoid, and soft palate muscles. Pinnipeds broadly conform to mammalian patterns of craniofacial muscle morphology. Pinnipeds also exhibit unique musculoskeletal morphologies—in muscle position, attachments, and size—that likely represent adaptations for different aquatic feeding strategies. Suction feeding specialists (bearded and northern elephant seals) have a significantly larger masseter than biters. Further, northern elephant seals have large and unique tongue and hyoid muscle morphologies compared with other pinniped species. These morphological changes likely help generate and withstand suction pressures necessary for drawing water and prey into the mouth. In contrast, biting taxa (California sea lions, harbor, ringed, and Weddell seals) do not exhibit consistent craniofacial musculoskeletal adaptations that differentiate them from suction feeders. Generally, we discover that all pinnipeds have well-developed and robust craniofacial musculature. Pinniped head musculature plays an important role in facilitating different aquatic feeding strategies. Together with behavioral and kinematic studies, our data suggest that pinnipeds' robust facial morphology allows animals to switch feeding strategies depending on the environmental context—a critical skill in a heterogeneous and rapidly changing underwater habitat.</p>
Data From: Advancing fence datasets: Comparing approaches to identify fence locations and specifications in southwest Montana
<p>Fencing is a major anthropogenic feature affecting human relationships, ecological processes, and wildlife distributions and movements, but its impacts are difficult to quantify due to a widespread lack of spatial data. We created a fence model and compared outputs to a fence mapping approach using satellite imagery in two counties in southwest Montana, USA to advance fence data development for use in research and management. The model incorporated road, land cover, ownership, and grazing boundary spatial layers to predict fence locations. We validated the model using data collected on randomized road transects (n = 330). The model predicted 34,706.4 km of fences with a mean fence density of 0.93 km/km<sup>2</sup> and a maximum density of 14.9 km/km<sup>2</sup>. We also digitized fences using Google Earth Pro in a random subset of our study area in survey townships (n = 50). The Google Earth approach showed greater agreement (K = 0.76) with known samples than the fence model (K = 0.56) yet was unable to map fences in forests and was significantly more time intensive. We also compared fence attributes by land ownership and land cover variables to assess factors that may influence fence specifications (e.g., wire heights) and types (e.g., number of barbed wires). Private lands were more likely to have fences with lower bottom wires and higher top wires than those on public lands with sample means at 22 cm and 26.4 cm, and 115.2 cm and 110.97, respectively. Both bottom wire means were well below recommended heights for ungulates navigating underneath fencing (≥ 46 cm), while top wire means were closer to the 107 cm maximum fence height recommendation. We found that both fence type and land ownership were correlated (χ<sup>2 </sup>= 45.52, df = 5, p = 0.001) as well as fence type and land cover type (χ<sup>2 </sup>= 140.73, df = 15, p = 0.001). We provide tools for estimating fence locations, and our novel fence type assessment demonstrates an opportunity for updated policy to encourage the adoption of "wildlife-friendlier" fencing standards to facilitate wildlife movement in the western U.S. while supporting rural livelihoods.</p>
The evolution of multi-gene families and metabolic pathways in the evening primroses (Oenothera: Onagraceae): a comparative transcriptomics approach
<p>The plant genus <em>Oenothera</em> has played an important role in the study of genome evolution and plant defense and reproduction. Here, we built on the 1kp transcriptomic dataset and developed a molecular resource of 63 transcriptomes and present a large-scale comparative study across 29 <em>Oenothera</em> species. We produced 2.3 million transcripts and 25.4 Mb of total length assembly per individual. We used this transcriptome resource to examine genome-wide evolutionary patterns and functional diversification by searching for orthologous genes and performed gene family evolution analysis. We found wide heterogeneity in gene family evolution across the genus, with section <em>Oenothera </em>exhibiting the most pronounced evolutionary changes. Overall, more significant expansions occurred than contractions. We also analyzed the molecular evolution of phenolic metabolism by retrieving proteins annotated for phenolic enzymatic complexes. We identified 1,568 phenolic genes arranged into 83 multigene families that varied widely across the genus. All taxa experienced rapid phenolic evolution involving 33 gene families, which exhibited large expansions, gaining about 2-fold more genes than they lost. Upstream enzymes phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and 4-coumaroyl: CoA ligase (4CL) accounted for most of the significant expansions and contractions. Our results suggest that adaptive responses to environmental stress coupled with non-adaptive evolutionary forces have contributed to <em>Oenothera </em>diversification and rapid gene family evolution.</p>
Creating Comparability among European Neighbourhoods to Enable the Transition of District Energy Infrastructures towards Positive Energy Districts
<p>The aim of the this raster file is to allow comparability of districts across Europe, to support energy transformation in urban areas. Comparability will allow to transfer knowledge between district energy renovation projects. This dataset combines different raster files from the <a href="https://gitlab.com/hotmaps">Hotmaps project</a>.<br> The dataset combines data from <a href="https://gitlab.com/hotmaps/heat/heat_res_curr_density/-/tree/master">Heat density</a>, <a href="https://gitlab.com/hotmaps/heat/heat_res_curr_density/-/tree/master">Total Gross Floor Area</a>, <a href="https://gitlab.com/hotmaps/gfa_res_curr_density">Residential Gross Floor Area</a>. These three dataset act as a proxy to Heat Demand, Floor Space Index and Share of Residential Gross Floor Area. Further description can be found in the paper "Creating comparability among European neighbourhoods to enable district energy infrastructure towards positive energy districts".</p>
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.