Find research datasets worth reusing

opennotspecifiedDec 2008View details →

Figure 6.4 in Taphonomy and environment of deposition of a juvenile tyrannosaurid skeleton from the Hell Creek Formation (latest Maastridhtian) of southeastern Montana

Figure 6.4. Thin section of the clay-bail conglomerate that contained the juvenile tyrannosaur Jane (BMR P2002.4.1). Arrows indicate siderite and a clay ball. Scale bar = 7 cm.

Raw Data of "Runoff and erosive responses to different land-cover types in semiarid environment: Scale effects and controlling factors"

The raw data of manuscript "Runoff and erosive responses to different land-cover types in semiarid environment: Scale effects and controlling factors"

Multi-slot BLE raw database for accurate positioning in mixed indoor/outdoor environments

This database presents the measurements of RSSI over BLE signals for indoor positioning applications. The experiments were done in the Physics and Mathematics building of the University of Extremadura. In the collection procedure, three different deployments were used with three smartphones for each one.  Supporting material to load and work with the database is also provided with Matlab scripts. Further information about the dataset can be found in Multi-slot BLE raw database for accurate positioning in mixed indoor/outdoor environments, Data, 2020.

opencc-zeroJul 2020View details →

Data from: Contingent tradeoff decisions with feedbacks in cyclical environments: testing alternative theories

This archive contains the model code and input for the simulation experiments published in: Railsback, Harvey, and Ayllón, in press. Contingent tradeoff decisions with feedbacks in cyclical environments: testing alternative theories. Behavioral Ecology. BEHECO-2019-0460.R3. That paper formulates and tests four alternative theories for how animals make tradeoff decisions throughout the circadian light cycle in a population context, with the behavior of each individual affecting the resources available to others. The example application is to stream trout selecting when and where to feed vs. hide, during dawn, day, dusk, and night. These theories are tested against observed patterns reported in the literature. The archive provides separate NetLogo program files for each theory and each simulation experiment. These files allow complete reproduction of the simulation experiments.

opencc-zeroJul 2020View details →

Data from: Agri-environment conservation set-asides have co-benefits for connectivity

Widespread declines in farmland biodiversity have led to state-funded schemes which take land out of production to create (semi-)natural habitats for biodiversity (e.g. EU agri-environment schemes; US Conservation Reserve Program). Common features of such schemes are grassland strips at the edges of agricultural fields, and we examine potential co-benefits of these biodiversity set-asides for contributing to grassland connectivity. Although set-aside strips had negligible impact on landscape-scale species persistence (using metapopulation models parameterized for flying insects run on 267 landscapes of ~30 000 ha across England), they nonetheless improved connectivity in 74% (198/267) of landscapes (comparing landscapes with and without set-asides), as shown by range expansion rates increasing by up to 100%. Benefits of set-aside strips varied according to species type (high/low dispersal, high/low population density), but had little benefit for species with low dispersal and small population sizes, which enerally failed to expand. High dispersal/high density species were already successful expanders regardless of set-asides (> 75% of simulations were successful without set-sides) although expansion rates were still improved when set-asides were added. Whilst alternative strategies for placement of set-aside strips (more/less aggregated), revealed no consensus 'better' strategy across species types, set-aside benefits were generally greatest in landscapes with intermediate availability of semi-natural grassland (0.5-4% over). We conclude that small-scale set-asides have the potential to improve connectivity, which we expect to help some species track climate change, and connect habitat patches within existing climate space for others. However, set-asides are unlikely to benefit low dispersal species which are probably at greatest risk from agricultural intensification.

opencc-zeroJul 2020View details →

Data from: Staying ahead of the game –plasticity in chorusing behavior allows males to remain attractive in different social environments

The dynamic nature of many breeding aggregations, where the composition and attractiveness of a male's competitors is ever changing, places extreme pressure on advertising males to remain competitive. In response to this challenge, males may adjust the properties of their calls, or change when they signal relative to their nearest neighbors, which are likely their strongest competitors. We used two playback experiments - one simulating a conspecific environment and the other simulating a mixed-species environment - to test the hypothesis that males use social plasticity in signal features, signal timing, or both, to remain attractive. Further, we examined whether this plasticity is mediated by selective attention, through which males change calling behavior in response to the most relevant competitors, while disregarding less relevant rivals. We find that males change some temporal call features, but rely strongly on signal timing to remain attractive relative to rivals. Simultaneous assessment of both types of calling plasticity allowed us to makes sense of counterintuitive responses of male calling behavior that would otherwise appear non-adaptive. We further show that this plasticity is most pronounced in response to attractive/conspecific males. We discuss how sexual selection by female choice may influence the trade-off between call feature and call timing plasticity, as well as how competitive interactions on a local scale may affect the overall acoustic environment in the chorus.

Dataset for "Observations of new particle formation, modal growth rates, and direct emissions of sub-10 nm particles in an urban environment"

Dataset for "Observations of new particle formation, modal growth rates, and direct emissions of sub-10 nm particles in an urban environment". Each directory contains a README.md including descriptions in Markdown format.

Interaction Framework within Collaborative Virtual Environments for Multiple Users each interacting with Multiple Degrees-Of-Freedom Controllers

Collaboration is a process in which two or more agents work together to achieve shared goals. However, many existing platforms cannot generate a collaborative environment to engage multiple users with multiple controllers in a seamless manner. To address this need, this video and work in progress will describe LISU (Library for Interactive Settings and User-modes) an input management computing framework that enables collaboration across multiple input controllers as its default. Within the system team members cohabit any real-time simulation environments simultaneously and are then able to jointly control visualisation software across multiple controllers while being continually monitored and evaluated at a low level, allowing research questions to be answered.

Predicting Phenotype from Multi-Scale Genomic and Environment Data using Neural Networks and Knowledge Graphs

Background: To mitigate the effects of climate change on public health and conservation, we need to better understand the dynamic interplay between biological processes and environmental effects. Machine learning (ML) methods in general, and Deep Learning (DL) methods in particular, are a potential way forward because they are able to cope with the nonlinearity of natural systems. However, there are several barriers that exist, including the absence of ML-ready data. We propose to develop a machine learning framework capable of predicting phenotypes based on multi-scale data about genes and environments. A critical part of this framework are data transformation methods that map the heterogeneous input data into formats that are consumable by the ML techniques. The central hypothesis of this research is that deep learning algorithms and biological knowledge graphs will predict phenotypes more accurately across more taxa and more ecosystems than do current numerical and traditional statistical modeling methods. Our long term goal is to develop predictive analytics for organismal response to environmental perturbations using innovative data science approaches. This pilot project on predicting emergent properties of complex systems and multidimensional interactions is funded by the NSF (Award # 1939945, 1940059, 1940062, 1940330).    Results: We have established shared project governance, communication channels, project timeline, and data and computing environment across four universities. We have successfully reached out to three other projects for broader collaboration.

Datasets used in the publication "Trends in Winter Light Environment Over the Arctic Ocean..."

These are datasets accompanying the publication DOI:10.1029/2020GL089037. For each year and for every pixel in a daily time series of OC-CCI v3.1 Chlorophyll at 4 km resolution, the first day (Ts) (in Day of Year) when a valid chlorophyll value appears in the data set is identified. A valid pixel implies that the satellite sensor has detected open water with clear skies. Te denotes the last day in the year when there is a valid chlorophyll value in the data set. For each year, the open‐water duration for the pixel is computed as D = Te − Ts. The file Ts_Te_D_statistics_OC-CCI.nc contains all data needed to generate figures 1-2, and panels A-C in figure 3. The file Ts_Te_D_statistics_SeaIce-CCI.nc contains all data needed to generate  panels D-F in figure 3. The file PAR_Chl_first_last_day.nc contains all data needed to generate figure 4

Priority determines tribolium competitive outcome in a food-limited environment

Flour beetles are a classic model system for studying competitive dynamics between species occupying the same ecological niche. Competitive performance is often interpreted in terms of biological species traits such as fecundity, resource use, and predation. However, many studies only measure competitive ability when species enter an environment simultaneously, and thus do not consider how the relative timing of species' arrival may determine competitive outcome (i.e., priority effects). Whether priority effects may influence competition in Tribolium remains to be tested. The present study examined the importance of priority effects in competitions between two common species of flour beetle (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae): Tribolium castaneum and T. confusum. To investigate whether priority effects confer competitive advantages to Tribolium beetles, relative introduction times of T. castaneum and T. confusum to competitive arenas were manipulated, and adult populations were measured for seven months. Four important patterns were noted: (1) Tribolium species given two-weeks priority access to experimental arenas attained larger populations than their late-arriving competitor, (2) when founding adults were introduced simultaneously, T. castaneum was competitively dominant, (3) T. castaneum benefited more from priority arrival than T. confusum, and (4) available bran resources largely predicted population decline in adult beetles toward the end of the experiment. These results suggest competitive outcome in Tribolium is not always predicted by species' identity, and that performance could instead be determined by the timing of species' arrivals and available resources.

Pre-trained models for Vietnamese Natural Resources and Environment Domain

Two Pre-trained models for Vietnamese Natural Resources and Environment Domain: - fastText - Word2vec

opencc-zeroMar 2021View details →

Self-organising cicada choruses respond to the local sound and light environment

1. Periodical cicadas exhibit an extraordinary capacity for self-organising spatially synchronous breeding behavior. The regular emergence of periodical cicada broods across the US is a phenomenon of longstanding public and scientific interest, as the cicadas of each brood emerge in huge numbers and briefly dominate their ecosystem. During the emergence, the 17-year periodical cicada species Magicicada cassini is found to form synchronised choruses, and we investigated their chorusing behavior from the standpoint of spatial synchrony. 2. Cicada choruses were observed to form in trees, calling regularly every five seconds. In order to determine the limits of this self-organising behaviour, we set out to quantify the spatial synchronisation between cicada call choruses in different trees, and how and why this varies in space and time. 3. We performed 20 simultaneous recordings in Clinton State Park, Kansas, in June 2015 (Brood IV) with a team of citizen-science volunteers using consumer equipment (smartphones). We use a wavelet approach to show in detail how spatially synchronous, self-organised chorusing varies across the forest. 4. We show how conditions that increase the strength of audio interactions between cicadas also increase the spatial synchrony of their chorusing. Higher forest canopy light levels increase cicada activity, corresponding to faster and higher-amplitude chorus cycling and to greater synchrony of cycles across space. We implemented a relaxation-oscillator-ensemble model of interacting cicadas, finding that a tendency to call more often, driven by light levels, results in all these effects. 5. Results demonstrate how the capacity to self-organise in ecology depends sensitively on environmental conditions. Spatially correlated modulation of cycling rate by an external driver can also promote self-organisation of phase synchrony.

Vietnamese text datasets for domain of natural resources and environment

Two vietnamese text datasets have been crawlered and pre-processed for domain of natural resources and environment. These text datasets crawlered ( in domain of natural resources and environment) from: - Wikimedia. - Articles from 03 Journals - 19.666 legal documents - 2.637 scientific reports - 1.434 technical standard documents vnNREDataset2020 dataset: in CoNLL format (included Vietnamese NER labels using VnCoreNLP) vnNREsentences2020 dataset: 2.421.138 sentences (word segmented using VnCoreNLP)

QTL × environment interactions underlie adaptive divergence in switchgrass across a large latitudinal gradient

Local adaptation is the process by which natural selection drives adaptive phenotypic divergence across environmental gradients. Theory suggests that local adaptation results from genetic trade-offs at individual genetic loci, where adaptation to one set of environmental conditions results in a cost to fitness in alternative environments. However, the degree to which there are costs associated with local adaptation is poorly understood because most of these experiments rely on two-site reciprocal transplant experiments. Here, we quantify the benefits and costs of locally adaptive loci across 17° of latitude in a four-grandparent outbred mapping population in outcrossing switchgrass (Panicum virgatumL.), an emerging biofuel crop and dominant tallgrass species. We conducted quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping across 10 sites, ranging from Texas to South Dakota. This analysis revealed that beneficial biomass (fitness) QTL generally incur minimal costs when transplanted to other field sites distributed over a large climatic gradient over the 2 y of our study. Therefore, locally advantageous alleles could potentially be combined across multiple loci through breeding to create high-yielding regionally adapted cultivars.

Mountain biodiversity and ecosystem functions: Interplay between geology and contemporary environments

Although biodiversity and ecosystem functions are strongly shaped by contemporary environments such as climate and local biotic and abiotic attributes, relatively little is known about how they depend on long-term geological processes. Here, along a 3000-m elevational gradient with tectonic faults on the Tibetan Plateau, we studied the joint effects of geological and contemporary environments on biological communities, such as the diversity and community composition of plants and soil bacteria, and ecosystem functions. We found that these biological communities and ecosystem functions generally show consistent elevational breakpoints at 2000–2800 m, which coincide with Indus-Yalu suture zone fault and are similar to the elevational breakpoints of soil bacteria on another mountain range 1000 km away. Mean annual temperature, soil pH and moisture were the primary contemporary determinants of biodiversity and ecosystem functions, which supports previous findings. However, compared to the models excluding geological processes, inclusion of geological effects, including parent rock and weathering, increased 67.9% and 35.9% of the explained variations in plant and bacterial communities, respectively. Such inclusion increased 27.6% of the explained variations in ecosystem functions. The geological processes thus provide additional links to ecosystem properties, which are prominent but show divergent effects on biodiversity and ecosystem functions: parent rock and weathering exert considerable direct effects on biodiversity, whereas indirectly influence ecosystem functions via interactions with biodiversity and contemporary environments. Thus, the integration of geological processes with environmental gradients could enhance our understanding of biodiversity and, ultimately, ecosystem functioning across different climatic zones.

Raw data for: Plastic male mating behaviour evolves in response to the competitive environment

Male reproductive phenotypes can evolve in response to the social and sexual environment. The expression of many such phenotypes may also be plastic within an individual's lifetime. For example, male Drosophila melanogaster show significantly extended mating duration following a period of exposure to conspecific male rivals. The costs and benefits of reproductive investment, and plasticity itself, can be shaped by the prevailing socio-sexual environment and by resource availability. We investigated these ideas using experimental evolution lines of D. melanogaster evolving under three fixed sex ratios (high, medium and low male-male competition) on either rich or poor adult diets. We found that males evolving in high-competition environments evolved longer mating durations overall. In addition, these males expressed a novel type of plastic behavioural response following exposure to rival males: they both significantly reduced and showed altered courtship delivery and exhibited significantly longer mating latencies. Plasticity in male mating duration in response to rivals was maintained in all of the lines, suggesting that the costs of plasticity were minimal. None of the evolutionary responses tested were consistently affected by dietary resource regimes. Collectively, the results show that fixed behavioural changes and new augmentations to the repertoire of reproductive behaviours can evolve rapidly.

Data from RACE: Resource Aware Cost-Efficient Scheduler for Cloud Fog Environment

The quality of human life increases with increased usage of the Internet of Things (IoT). However, this massive use of IoT produces a large amount of data which creates a problem for data storage and analysis. Cloud computing is used to solve such issues like storage and processing requirements for data generated by IoT. However, several applications like traffic control, health observation, and games, etc., are time-sensitive and need a quick response. The delay created by sending data to the Cloud and then returning the Server response to the user of such programs has an unintended impact. To overwhelmed these limitations, the Fog computing concept was launched in 2012. Fog computing is an elongation of Cloud computing in which user services are extended to networking devices. In recent times the Fog computing is considered as a favorable approach to cope with the delay-sensitive applications. Moreover, Fog computing in combination with the Cloud computing model can also provide promising solutions to deal with compute-intensive applications. The scheduling challenges faced by the Fog service provider are to fulfill user requests with the maximum resource utilization of Fog devices while reducing the monetary cost of Cloud resource usage. In this research, a resource-aware scheduler has been proposed to distribute the incoming application modules to Fog devices that maximize resource utilization at the Fog layer, reduces the monetary cost of using Cloud resources with minimum execution time of applications, and minimum bandwidth usage. The proposed scheduler Resource Aware Cost-Efficient Scheduler (RACE) consists of two algorithms: ModuleScheduler: which categorizes the incoming application modules according to their computation and bandwidth requirements. The ModuleScheduler also creates a prioritized list considering the categories of application modules. Compare Module: Finds the suitable Fog device for modules execution in the prioritized list. The proposed scheduler (RACE) schedule the modules at the Fog layer based on their computation requirement and bandwidth requirement until the devices at the Fog layer have enough CPU capacity to accommodate the modules.

opencc-zeroSep 2020View details →

Data from: A study of bacteria adhesion and microbial corrosion on different stainless steels in environment containing Desulfovibrio vulgaris manuscript

Stainless steel is an important material used in many applications due to its mechanical strength and corrosion resistant properties. The high corrosion resistance of stainless steel is provided by the passive film. Different stainless steels have different alloy elements and surface properties which could have a significant influence on bacterial attachment to the surface and thus might result in different microbial corrosion behaviours. In this study, the effect of adhesion of sulphate reducing bacteria (SRB) and corrosion behaviour in artificial seawater on different stainless steels was investigated. Stainless steel materials used were SS 410, SS 420, SS 316 and DSS 2205 and pure chromium. The contact angle was measured to study the effect of surface properties of materials. Adhesion was measured by counting cells attached to the surface of materials. The corrosion behaviour of the materials was measured by electrochemical testing including measuring open circuit potential, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic behaviour. The long-term corrosion behaviour of each material was studied after six months exposure by measuring weight loss and surface analysis with SEM-EDX. The results show the high dependency on hydrophobicity of materials surfaces to bacterial attachment. However, bacterial attachment did not have a significant effect on the corrosion rate of the materials. Pure chromium had the best corrosion resistance to MIC with reduced bacterial attachment compared to the stainless steel samples. The nature of bacterial attachment and corrosion behaviour of the materials are discussed.