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Fort Churchill (FCC) Ground-based Vector Magnetic Field (L2) 1.0 s Data

Fort Churchill, MN, Ground-based Vector Magnetic Field Level 2 Data, 1.0 s Time Resolution, Station Code: (FCC), Station Location: (GEO Latitude 58.8, Longitude 265.9), GSCan Network

MMS 3 Electron Drift Instrument (EDI) Electric Field, Level 2 (L2), Burst Mode, 0.9765625 ms Data

Electron Drift Instrument (EDI) Electric Field Burst Survey, Level 2, 0.0009765625 s Data (1024 samples/s). EDI has two scientific data acquisition modes, called electric field mode and ambient mode. In electric field mode, two coded electron beams are emitted such that they return to the detectors after one or more gyrations in the ambient magnetic and electric field. The firing directions and times-of-flight allow the derivation of the drift velocity and electric field. In ambient mode, the electron beams are not used. The detectors with their large geometric factors and their ability to adjust the field of view quickly allow continuous sampling of ambient electrons at a selected pitch angle and fixed but selectable energy. To find the beam directions that will hit the detector, EDI sweeps each beam in the plane perpendicular to B at a fixed angular rate of 0.22 °/ms until a signal has been acquired by the detector. Once signal has been acquired, the beams are swept back and forth to stay on target. Beam detection is not determined from the changes in the count-rates directly, but from the square of the beam counts divided by the background counts from ambient electrons, i.e., from the square of the instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). This quantity is computed from data provided by the correlator in the Gun-Detector Electronics that also generates the coding pattern imposed on the outgoing beams. If the squared SNR ratio exceeds a threshold, this is taken as evidence that the beam is returning to the detector. The thresholds for SNR are chosen dependent on background fluxes. They represent a compromise between getting false hits (induced by strong variations in background electron fluxes) and missing true beam hits. The basic software loop that controls EDI operations is executed every 2 ms. As the times when the beams hit their detectors are neither synchronized with the telemetry nor equidistant, EDI data have no fixed time-resolution. Data are reported in telemetry slots. In Survey, using the standard packing mode 0, there are eight telemetry slots per second and Gyn Detector Unit (GDU). The last beam detected during the previous slot will be reported in the current slot. If no beam has been detected, the data quality will be set to zero. In Burst telemetry there are 128 slots per second and GDU. The data in each slot consists of information regarding the beam firing directions (stored in the form of analytic gun deflection voltages), times-of-flight (if successfully measured), quality indicators, time stamps of the beam hits, and some auxiliary correlator-related information. Whenever EDI is not in electron drift mode, it uses its ambient electron mode. The mode has the capability to sample at either 90 degrees pitch angle or at 0/180 degrees (field aligned), or to alternate between 90 degrees and field aligned with selectable dwell times. While all options have been demonstrated during the commissioning phase, only the field aligned mode has been used in the routine operations phase. The choices for energy are 250 eV, 500 eV, and 1 keV. The two detectors, which are facing opposite hemispheres, are looking strictly into opposite directions, so while one detector is looking along B the other is looking antiparallel to B (corresponding to pitch angles of 180 and 0 degrees, respectively). The two detectors switch roles every half spin of the spacecraft as the tip of the magnetic field vector spins outside the field of view of one detector and into the field of view of the other detector. This is the primary data product generated from data collected in electric field mode. The science data generated are drift velocity and electric field data in various coordinate systems. They are derived from triangulation and/or time-of-flight analysis. Where both methods are applicable, their results will be combined using a weighting approach based on their relative errors. The EDI instrument paper can be found at: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11214-015-0182-7. The EDI instrument data products guide can be found at https://lasp.colorado.edu/mms/sdc/public/datasets/fields/.

Athabasca (ATHA) Ground-based Vector Magnetic Field (L2) 0.5 s Data

Athabasca, AB, Ground-based Vector Magnetic Field Level 2 Data, 0.5 s Time Resolution, Station Code: (ATHA), Station Location: (GEO Latitude 54.7, Longitude 246.7), Athabasca University Network

PSP FIELDS Digital Fields Board (DFB) AC-coupled Searchcoil Magnetometer, SCM, Spectra, Low Frequency, High Gain, f-component, Sensor coordinates, Level 2 (L2), 0.873813 s Data

PSP FIELDS Digital Fields Board, DFB, SCMflfhg data:The DFB is the low frequency, less than 75 kHz, component of the FIELDS experiment on the Parker Solar Probe spacecraft, see reference [1] below. For a full description of the FIELDS experiment, see reference [2]. For a description of the DFB, see reference [3].DFB AC spectra data consist of power spectral densities as a function of frequency and time. These spectra are averaged over both frequency and time as described in [3]. The spectra have pseudo-logarithmically spaced frequency bins with the bin central frequencies reported in the metadata. The AC spectra are duty-cycled such that spectral averaging takes place over the first 1/8 of any given NYsecond when the data cadence is equal to one NYsecond. Less data are averaged by a factor of 2^N for data cadences that are faster than one NYsecond by 2^N. For cadences slower than one NYsecond, the first 1/8 of each NYsecond of data included are averaged together to construct the reported data.The Level 2 data products contained in this data file have been calibrated for:* 1) The Hanning window used in the spectral calculation* 2) DFB in-band gain* 3) DFB analog filter gain response* 4) DFB digital filter gain response* 5) The search coil preamplifier response, when applicable* 6) The bandwidth of each spectral binNote that compensation for the DFB digital filters will introduce a non-physical positively sloped power trend at high frequencies when the non-corrected signal is dominated by noise. This effect should be examined carefully when determining spectral slopes and features at the highest frequencies. Calibrations for the FIELDS preamplifiers have not been implemented as the preamplifier response is flat and equal to one through the DFB frequency range. Corrections for plasma sheath impedance gain and antenna effective length have not been applied to voltage sensor signals. These corrections will be applied in the Level 3 DFB data products. Therefore, all voltage sensor quantities when present in these Level 2 data products are expressed by using units of Volts squared per Hertz. Likewise, all magnetic field quantities when present in these Level 2 data product are expressed by using units of nanoTesla squared per Hertz.The Level 2 data products contained in this data file are expressed in sensor coordinates: e.g. dV12, dV34 for voltage measurements. For solar orbits 1 and 2, the search coil magnetometer spectral data are rotated into a non-intuitive coordinate system with components [d,e,f]. For solar orbits 3 and beyond, the magnetic field spectral data are in expressed in search coil magnetometer sensor coordinates with components [u,v,w].To rotate from [d,e,f] coordinates into [u,v,w] search coil sensor coordinates, use the following matrix, written in IDL notation, and the following equation: spectra_uvw_vector = R ## spectra_def_vector.R = [[ 0.46834856, -0.81336422 , 0.34509170] [ -0.66921924, -0.071546954, 0.73961249] [ -0.57688408, -0.57733845 , -0.57782790]]The time resolution of the DFB AC spectral data can vary by multiples of 2^N. During encounter when PSP is within 0.25 AU of the Sun, the DFB AC spectra data cadence is typically NYsecond NYsecond [2]. Timestamps correspond to the center time of each window.References:* 1) Fox, N.J., Velli, M.C., Bale, S.D. et al., Space Sci Rev (2016) 204:7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s1121401502116* 2) Bale, S.D., Goetz, K., Harvey, P.R. et al., Space Sci Rev (2016) 204:49. https://doi.org/10.1007/s1121401602445* 3) Malaspina, D.M., Ergun, R.E., Bolton, M. et al., JGR Space Physics (2016), 121, 5088-5096. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JA022344

Salluit (SALU) Ground-based Vector Magnetic Field (L2) 0.5 s Data

Salluit, QC, Ground-based Vector Magnetic Field Level 2 Data, 0.5 s Time Resolution, Station Code: (SALU), Station Location: (GEO Latitude 62.2, Longitude 284.3), AUTUMNX Network

PSP FIELDS Fluxgate Magnetometer (MAG) Magnetic Field Vectors, Spacecraft, SC, Coordinates, 4 samples/cycle, Level 2 (L2), 3.413 ms Data

Parker Solar Probe FIELDS Instrument Suite Fluxgate Magnetometer, MAG, Data: The time resolution of the MAG time series data varies with instrument mode ranging from 2.289 samples/s to 292.9 samples/s. These two data sampling rates corresponding to 2 samples or 256 samples per 0.874 s where 0.874 s is equal to 2^25 divided 38.4 MHz. See reference [2] for a complete explanation of the MAG instrument sampling methodology. The Magnetometer has four ranges: ±1024 nT, ±4096 nT, ±16,384 nT, and ±65,536 nT. The Magnetometer Range is selected by an algorithm based on the strength of the ambient magnetic field. The magnetic field measurement precision is ±15 bits, based on the 16-bit Analog to Digital Converter, ADC.References:* 1. Fox, N.J., Velli, M.C., Bale, S.D. et al. Space Sci Rev (2016) 204: 7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-015-0211-6* 2. Bale, S.D., Goetz, K., Harvey, P.R. et al. Space Sci Rev (2016) 204: 49. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-016-0244-5

Lyford (LYFD) Ground-based Vector Magnetic Field (L2) 0.5 s Data

Lyford, TX, Ground-based Vector Magnetic Field Level 2 Data, 0.5 s Time Resolution, Station Code: (LYFD), Station Location: (GEO Latitude 26.4, Longitude 262.2), McMAC Network

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MEX: MARSIS ELECTRON PLASMA DENSITY AND MAGNETIC FIELD DATA

This data set tabulates local electron densities and local magnetic field strengths magnetic field strengths obtained from Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionosphere Sounding (MARSIS) Active Ionospheric Sounding (AIS) mode ionograms. The electron density is obtained by measuring the increment in frequency between the plasma frequency harmonics, visible as bright vertical lines at low frequency and delay time in many MARSIS ionograms. Similarly, the local magnetic field strength is found by measuring the difference in delay time between electron cyclotron echoes, visible as bright horizontal lines at low frequency on many ionograms. Both the measured quantity and the derived result are included in the archive product. We also include a data quality flag giving the impression of the archivist as to how reliable each result is. This archive product includes only data from the nominal mission, which starts about orbit 1850 and ends on orbit 2539.

Fort Yukon (FYKN) Ground-based Vector Magnetic Field (L2) 0.5 s Data

Fort Yukon, AK, Ground-based Vector Magnetic Field Level 2 Data, 0.5 s Time Resolution, Station Code: (FYKN), Station Location: (GEO Latitude 66.6, Longitude 214.8), University of Alaska Network

Gillam (GILL) Ground-based Vector Magnetic Field (L2) 0.5 s Data

Gillam, MB, Ground-based Vector Magnetic Field Level 2 Data, 0.5 s Time Resolution, Station Code: (GILL), Station Location: (GEO Latitude 56.4, Longitude 265.3), THEMIS GBO/Carisma Network

PSP FIELDS Fluxgate Magnetometer (MAG) Magnetic Field Vectors, Radial-Tangential-Normal, RTN, Coordinates, Full Resolution, Level 2 (L2), 3.413 ms Data

PSP FIELDS Digital Fields Board (DFB) DC-coupled Searchcoil Magnetometer, SCM, Bandpass filtered, Low Frequency, High Gain, v-component, Sensor coordinates, Level 2 (L2), 0.873813 s Data

PSP FIELDS Digital Fields Board, DFB, SCMvlfhg data:The DFB is the low frequency, less than 75 kHz, component of the FIELDS experiment on the Parker Solar Probe spacecraft, see reference [1] below. For a full description of the FIELDS experiment, see reference [2]. For a description of the DFB, see reference [3].DFB DC bandpass data consist of peak and average values of the absolute value of bandpassed time series waveform data over a time interval equal to the reporting cadence. The DC bandpass data have the peak response frequency of each bin reported in the metadata. The frequency response curves for these bins are given in [3].The Level 2 data products contained in this data file have been calibrated for:* 1) The ~6.3 dB loss associated with forming the bandpass signal, see reference [3]* 2) DFB in-band gain* 3) The search coil preamplifier response, when applicable* 4) DFB digital filter time delays, the DFB filter time delays become significant in the lowest frequency DC bandpass binsCalibrations for the DFB digital filter gains and analog filter gains have not been implemented as it was determined that these could not be applied accurately to single numerical values representing a broadband signal response and because all bins except the highest frequency bin have a flat gain response equal to one due to these filters. Calibrations for the FIELDS preamplifiers have not been implemented as the preamplifier response is flat and equal to one through the DFB frequency range. Corrections for plasma sheath impedance gain and antenna effective length have not been applied to voltage sensor signals. These corrections will be applied in the Level 3 DFB data products. Therefore, all voltage sensor quantities when present in these Level 2 data products are expressed by using units of Volts. Likewise, all magnetic field quantities when present in these Level 2 data products are expressed by using units of nanoTelsas.The Level 2 data products contained in this data file are expressed in sensor coordinates: e.g. dV12, dV34 for voltage measurements and [u,v,w] for the searchcoil magnetometer.The time resolution of the DFB DC bandpass filtered data can vary by multiples of 2^N. During encounter when PSP is within 0.25 AU of the Sun, the DFB DC bandpass filtered data cadence is typically 1 NYsecond [2]. Timestamps correspond to the center time of each window.References:* 1) Fox, N.J., Velli, M.C., Bale, S.D. et al., Space Sci Rev (2016) 204:7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s1121401502116* 2) Bale, S.D., Goetz, K., Harvey, P.R. et al., Space Sci Rev (2016) 204:49. https://doi.org/10.1007/s1121401602445* 3) Malaspina, D.M., Ergun, R.E., Bolton, M. et al., JGR Space Physics (2016), 121, 5088-5096. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JA022344

Leirvogur (LRV) Ground-based Vector Magnetic Field (L2) 1,0 min Data

Leirvogur, Iceland, Ground-based Vector Magnetic Field Level 2 Data, 1,0 min Time Resolution, Station Code: (LRV), Station Location: (GEO Latitude 64.3, Longitude 338.3), LMO Network

Nimbus-7 Narrow Field of View (NFOV) Maximum Likelihood Cloud Estimation (MLCE) Data in Native Format

NIMBUS7_NFOV_MLCE data are Nimbus 7 Narrow Field of View (NFOV) Maximum Likelihood Cloud Estimation (MLCE) Data in Native Format.The NIMBUS7_NFOV_MLCE data set uses the Nimbus-7 measurements and the MLCE algorithm for better regional and temporal resolution. The Earth Radiation Budget (ERB) parameters, derived from the Nimbus-7 scanner measurements, were rederived in 1990 using a Maximum Likelihood Cloud Estimation (MLCE) algorithm similar, but not identical, to the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) algorithm. Daily and monthly means are presented on two commensurate equal area world grids: (167 km by 167 km) and (500 km by 500 km). The MLCE procedure also yielded a rough estimate of the regional cloud cover.The scanner took measurements from November 16, 1978 through June 20, 1980; however, only 13 months (May 1979 through May 1980) of data sampling were reprocessed using the Sorting into Angular Bins and MLCE algorithms. There was poorer temporal sampling during the first five months of the experiment.The Nimbus 7 research-and-development satellite served as a stabilized, earth-oriented platform for the testing of advanced systems for sensing and collecting data in the pollution, oceanographic and meteorological disciplines. The polar-orbiting spacecraft consisted of three major structures: (1) a hollow torus-shaped sensor mount, (2) solar paddles, and (3) a control housing unit that was connected to the sensor mount by a tripod truss structure.

Fort Yates (FYTS) Ground-based Vector Magnetic Field (L2) 0.5 s Data

Fort Yates, ND, Ground-based Vector Magnetic Field Level 2 Data, 0.5 s Time Resolution, Station Code: (FYTS), Station Location: (GEO Latitude 46.1, Longitude 259.4), THEMIS EPO/UCLA Network

Kapuskasing (KAPU) Ground-based Vector Magnetic Field (L2) 0.5 s Data

Kapuskasing, ON, Ground-based Vector Magnetic Field Level 2 Data, 0.5 s Time Resolution, Station Code: (KAPU), Station Location: (GEO Latitude 49.4, Longitude 277.7), THEMIS GBO/UCLA Network

MMS 1 Search Coil Magnetometer (SCM) AC Magnetic Field Level 2 (L2), Burst Mode, 8192 Sample/s Data

Search Coil Magnetometer (SCM) AC Magnetic Field (8192 samples/s), Level 2, Burst Mode Data. The tri-axial Search-Coil Magnetometer with its associated preamplifier measures three-dimensional magnetic field fluctuations. The analog magnetic waveforms measured by the SCM are digitized and processed inside the Digital Signal Processor (DSP), collected and stored by the Central Instrument Data Processor (CIDP) via the Fields Central Electronics Box (CEB). Prior to launch, all SCM Flight models were calibrated by LPP team members at the National Magnetic Observatory, Chambon-la-Foret (Orleans). Once per orbit, each SCM transfer function is checked thanks to the onboard calibration signal provided by the DSP. The SCM is operated for the entire MMS orbit in survey mode. Within scientific Regions Of Interest (ROI), burst mode data are also acquired as well as high speed burst mode data. This SCM data set corresponds to the AC magnetic field waveforms in nanoTesla and in the GSE frame. The SCM instrument paper for SCM can be found at http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11214-014-0096-9 and the SCM data product guide at https://lasp.colorado.edu/mms/sdc/public/datasets/fields/.

Yellowknife (YKC) Ground-based Vector Magnetic Field (L2) 1.0 s Data

Yellowknife, NT, Ground-based Vector Magnetic Field Level 2 Data, 1.0 s Time Resolution, Station Code: (YKC), Station Location: (GEO Latitude 62.5, Longitude 245.5), GSCan Network

Val-d'Or (VLDR) Ground-based Vector Magnetic Field (L2) 0.5 s Data

Val-d'Or, QC, Ground-based Vector Magnetic Field Level 2 Data, 0.5 s Time Resolution, Station Code: (VLDR), Station Location: (GEO Latitude 48.2, Longitude 282.2), Athabasca University Network