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Figs. 7–11 in A New Genus, Ectemnoides, for Seven Species of Australian Gondwanan Simuliidae (Diptera) With Description of a Novel Form of Larval Attachment
Figs. 7–11. Ectemnoides umbratorum female. (7) Cibarium (Acheron). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (8) Wing veins (Acheron). Sc – subcosta; C – costa; R1 – radius; Rs – radial sector. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (9) Wing (Acheron).A1 – anal; CuA, CuP – cubital; M1, M2, M4 – medial. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (10) Anepisternal membrane, cleared (Grampians). Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (11) Hind basitarsus and tarsomere II (Narbethong). Scale bar = 0.05 mm.
Fig. 22 in A New Genus, Ectemnoides, for Seven Species of Australian Gondwanan Simuliidae (Diptera) With Description of a Novel Form of Larval Attachment
Fig. 22. Ectemnoides umbratorum pupal habitus. Insert: dorsocentral thoracic hairs. Original as for Fig. 21. Scale bar = 1.0 mm.
Figs. 33–38 in A New Genus, Ectemnoides, for Seven Species of Australian Gondwanan Simuliidae (Diptera) With Description of a Novel Form of Larval Attachment
Figs. 33–38. Ectemnoides umbratorum last instar larva (Grampians). (33) Antenna. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (34) Maxilla. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (35) Mandible. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (36) Mandible apex. Abbreviations: a t – apical tooth; o t – outer teeth; sub t – subapical teeth; s – serrations and sensillum; s t – spinous teeth. Scale bar = 0.02 mm. (37) Postgenal cleft. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (38) Hypostoma. Numbers indicate teeth. Scale bar = 0.05 mm.
Figs. 79–84 in A New Genus, Ectemnoides, for Seven Species of Australian Gondwanan Simuliidae (Diptera) With Description of a Novel Form of Larval Attachment
Figs. 79–84. Ectemnoides acanthocranius female. (79) Holotype. Habitus. Scale bar = 1.0 mm. (80) Holotype labels. (81) Frontal view of head. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (82) Antenna. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (83) Maxilla, palp, mandible, lacinia. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. Insert: mandible tip. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (84) Cibarium. Scale bar = 0.05 mm.
Figs. 30–32 in A New Genus, Ectemnoides, for Seven Species of Australian Gondwanan Simuliidae (Diptera) With Description of a Novel Form of Larval Attachment
Figs. 30–32. Ectemnoides umbratorum last instar larva (30) Habitus (Grampians). Scale bar = 1.0 mm. (31) Dorsal view of head (Grampians). Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (32) Cephalic setae. Scale bar = 0.05 mm.
Figure 4 in Form and function within a phylogenetic framework: locomotory habits of extant predators and some Miocene Sparassodonta (Metatheria)
Figure 4. Morphospaces defined by the first two shape axes for the ulna. A, B, relative warps (RWs); C, D, relative warps residuals (RRWs) after phylogenetic autocorrelation analysis; E, F, RRWs after phylogenetic eigenvector regression analysis. In A, C, and E, taxonomic groups are indicated by the symbols. In B, D, and F, locomotory groups are indicated by the symbols. Taxonomic group symbols: Ailuridae, Canidae, Dasyuridae, Didelphidae, Felidae, Herpestidae, Hyaenidae, Nandiniidae, Mephitidae, Mustelidae, Myrmecobiidae, Procyonidae, Thylacinidae, Ursidae, Viverridae, Sparassodonta species. Locomotory groups symbols: cursorial eutherians, cursorial metatherians, terrestrial eutherians, terrestrial metatherians, scansorial eutherians, scansorial metatherians,
Figure 2 in Form and function within a phylogenetic framework: locomotory habits of extant predators and some Miocene Sparassodonta (Metatheria)
Figure 2. Morphospaces defined by the first two shape axes for the humerus. A, B, relative warps (RWs); C, D, relative warps residuals (RRWs) after phylogenetic autocorrelation analysis; E, F, RRWs after phylogenetic eigenvector regression analysis. In A, C, and E, taxonomic groups are indicated by the symbols. In B, D, and F, locomotory groups are indicated by the symbols. Taxonomic group symbols: Ailuridae, Caenolestidae, Canidae, Dasyuridae, Didelphidae, Felidae, Herpestidae, Hyaenidae, Nandiniidae, Mephitidae, Mustelidae, Myrmecobiidae, Procyonidae, Thylacinidae, Ursidae, Viverridae, Sparassodonta species. Locomotory groups symbols: cursorial eutherians,
Figure 1 in Form and function within a phylogenetic framework: locomotory habits of extant predators and some Miocene Sparassodonta (Metatheria)
Figure 1. Analysed elements showing the position of landmarks (squares) and semilandmarks (circles). A, anterior view of distal humerus: 1, proximolateral extreme of articular surface, 2 to 6, proximal margin of articular surface, 7, proximomedial extreme of articular surface, 8, proximal end of lateral epicondylar crest, 9 to 11, lateral margin of lateral epicondylar crest, 12 to 14, medial margin of lateral epicondylar crest, 15, lateral extreme of lateral epicondyle, 16, distolateral corner of articular surface, 17 to 20, distal margin of articular surface, 21, distomedial corner of articular surface, 22, distomedial extreme of medial epicondyle, 23, medial extreme of medial epicondyle, 24 to 26, medial margin of supraepicondylar bridge, 27, medial projection of proximal end of lateral epicondylar crest. B, lateral view of proximal ulna: 1, posteroproximal extreme of olecranon, 2 to 6, posterior margin of proximal ulnar shaft, 7, posterior projection of distal tip of coronoid process, 8, posterior margin of radial notch at level of distal tip of coronoid process, 9, distal tip of coronoid process, 10, anterior end of coronoid process, 11, distal end of trochlear notch, 12 to 16, trochlear notch margin, 17, proximal end of trochlear notch, 18, anterior projection of anconeus process, 19, anterior margin of olecranon, 20, anteroproximal olecranon extreme (on olecranon lateral surface), 21, proximal olecranon margin. C, proximal view of tibia: 1, anterior end of medial condyle, 2 to 6, medial margin of medial condyle, 7, posterior end of medial condyle, 8 to 10, lateral margin of medial condyle, 11, anterior end of lateral condyle, 12 to 15, lateral margin of lateral condyle, 16, posterior end of lateral condyle, 17 to 20, medial margin of lateral condyle, 21, posterior end of intercondyloid area, 22, medial extreme of tibial tuberosity base, 23, lateral extreme of tibial tuberosity base, 24, maximum projection in anterior-lateral margin of non-articular surface, 25, lateral end of cranial intercondylar area. Modified from Ercoli (2010) and Ercoli & Prevosti (in press).
FIGURE. Euphorbia chamaesyce: A) individual (Tuscany, Siena province, Chiusi, arable fields near the lake), B) individual (Tuscany, Arezzo province, Pieve Santo Stefano, gravel road along shores of Montedoglio Lake), C) detail of cyathium and capsule (hairy form), D) detail of tip and capsules (intermediate hairiness form), E) detail of cyathium and capsule (glabrous form). in Synopsis of Euphorbia section Anisophyllum (Euphorbiaceae) in Italy, with an insight on variation of distribution over time in Tuscany
FIGURE. Euphorbia chamaesyce: A) individual (Tuscany, Siena province, Chiusi, arable fields near the lake), B) individual (Tuscany, Arezzo province, Pieve Santo Stefano, gravel road along shores of Montedoglio Lake), C) detail of cyathium and capsule (hairy form), D) detail of tip and capsules (intermediate hairiness form), E) detail of cyathium and capsule (glabrous form).
A pore-forming protein drives macropinocytosis to facilitate toad water maintaining
<p>Maintaining water balance is a real challenge for amphibians in terrestrial environments. Our previous studies with toad <em>Bombina maxima</em> discovered a pore-forming protein and trefoil factor complex βγ-CAT, which is assembled under tight regulation depending on environmental cues. Here we report an unexpected role for βγ-CAT in toad water maintaining. Deletion of toad skin secretions, in which βγ-CAT is a major component, increased animal mortality under hypertonic stress. βγ-CAT was constitutively expressed in toad osmoregulatory organs, which was inducible under the variation of osmotic conditions. The protein induced and participated in macropinocytosis in vivo and in vitro. During extracellular hyperosmosis, βγ-CAT stimulated macropinocytosis to facilitate water import and enhanced exosomes release, which simultaneously regulated aquaporins distribution. Collectively, these findings uncovered that besides membrane-integrated aquaporin, a secretory pore-forming protein can facilitate toad water maintaining via macropinocytosis induction and exocytosis modulation, especially in responses to osmotic stress.</p>
Figure 26. Sauropodomorph skeletal forms. A in Scelidosaurus harrisonii (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the Early Jurassic of Dorset, England: biology and phylogenetic relationships
Figure 26. Sauropodomorph skeletal forms. A, Plateosaurus (a prosauropod). B, Nigersaurus (a sauropod). Gastralia are present in the prosauropod, but no sauropods possess gastralia. Images kindly provided by Scott Hartman who retains the copyright of each. Scale bar in centimetres.
Figure 25. Ornithischian skeletal forms. A, Eocursor. B, Edmontonia. C in Scelidosaurus harrisonii (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the Early Jurassic of Dorset, England: biology and phylogenetic relationships
Figure 25. Ornithischian skeletal forms. A, Eocursor. B, Edmontonia. C, Stegosaurus. No gastralia are present in these or any other known ornithischians. Images kindly provided by Scott Hartman who retains the copyright of each. Scale bars in centimetres.
Figure 27. Theropod skeletal forms. A in Scelidosaurus harrisonii (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the Early Jurassic of Dorset, England: biology and phylogenetic relationships
Figure 27. Theropod skeletal forms. A, Herrerasaurus (a dinosauriform, stem-dinosaur or a basal theropod – according to various analyses). B, Allosaurus a tetanuran theropod – see Fig. 28). C, Ornithomimus a coelurosaur. D, Nothronychus, a coelurosaur. E, Oviraptor, a maniraptoran. F, Deinonychus, a paravian. Herrerasaurus and all other theropods possess gastralia. Images kindly provided by Scott Hartman who retains the copyright of each. Scale bar in centimetres.
Trusted World of Corona (TWOC) - WHO COVID-19 Case Report Form (CRF) Synthetic Data - FAIR
<p>The synthetic dataset that models COVID-19 real world observations from WHO COVID-19 RAPID Version CRFs of hospitalized patients for the hypothesis under study, originally created by the TWOC project.</p>
Characterisation and Bioactivity Analysis of Peridinin-Chlorophyll a-Protein (PCP) Isolated form Symbiodinium tridacnidorum CS-73
<p>Peridinin-Chlorophyll <em>a</em>-Proteins (PCPs) are the major light harvesting proteins in photosynthetic dinoflagellates. PCP shows great variation in protein length, pigment ratio, sequence and spectroscopic properties. PCP conjugates (PerCP) are widely used as fluorescent-probes for cellular and tissue analysis in the biomedical field. PCP consists of a peridinin carotenoid, thereby it can potentially be used as a bioactive compound in pharmaceutical applications. However, biological activities of PCPs are yet to be explored. In this study, we extracted, purified and partially characterised the PCP from<em> Symbiodinium tridacnidorum </em>(CS-73) and explored its antioxidant, anti-cancer and anti-inflammation bioactivities. The PCP was purified using an ÄKTA™ PURE system and predicted to be of 17.3 kDa molecular weight (confirmed as a single band on SDS-PAGE) with an isoelectric point (pI) 5.6. LC-MS/MS and bioinformatic analysis of purified PCP digested with trypsin indicated it was 164 amino acids long with >90% sequence similarity to PCP of SymA3.s6014_g3 (belonging to clade A of <em>Symbiodinium </em>sp.) confirmed with 59 peptide combinations matched across its protein sequence. The spectroscopic properties of purified PCP showed a slight shift in absorption and emission spectra to previously documented analysis in <em>Symbiodinium</em> species. Purified PCP consisted of a 19 amino acid long signal peptide at its N terminal and 9 helixes in its secondary structure with several protein binding sites and no DNA/RNA binding sites. Further, purified PCP at a concentration of 0.1 - 0.8 mg/mL exhibited moderate to high antioxidant, anti-cancer and anti-inflammation bioactivities against tumor macrophage (RAW 264.7), human metastatic breast adenocarcinoma (MDA-MB-231) and human colorectal (HTC-15) cancer cell lines. Together, all these findings present PCP as a promising candidate for continued investigations for pharmaceutical applications to cure chronic diseases, apart from its existing application as a fluorescent-probe.</p>
FIGURE 1. Phylogram inferred form a in Sphaerosporella microspora (Pyronemataceae, Pezizales), a novel species from Southern China
FIGURE 1. Phylogram inferred form a two-locus (ITS+LSU) dataset using RAxML. BS≥75% and pp≥0.95 are indicated above or below the branches as RAxML BS/PP.
Uptake of nitrogen forms by diploid and triploid white poplar depends on seasonal carbon use strategy and elevated summer ozone
<p>This dataset contains data from an experiment described in the paper: "Miaomiao Wang, Guolei Li, Zhaozhong Feng, Yong Liu, Yansen Xu, Mercedes Uscola. Uptake of nitrogen forms by diploid and triploid white poplar depends on seasonal carbon use strategy and elevated summer ozone. Journal of Experimental Botany, erab317, https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erab317".</p> <p class="15">In the study, we investigated the mechanisms of N forms acquisition in response to developmental phase allowing us to analyze the plasticity in N forms preferences due to internal plant N demands that are modified by growth rates. As a second objective we evaluate the effects of O<sub><span>3</span></sub> enriched atmosphere during summer on the N forms uptake rates, which is a major air pollutant harmful to terrestrial vegetation and to human health. </p> <p class="15">Main results of the experiments are that (1) Both ploidy levels had the physiological capacity to absorb intact glycine, and differed in growth, C and N acquisition patterns and N forms preferences. (2) Diploid, with six times higher RGR in spring than in summer, but similar absolute growth between seasons, showed plasticity on N forms preferences in response to seasons, shifting from no preferences in spring to strong preference on NO<sub><span>3</span></sub><sup><span>-</span></sup> in summer. (3) Triploid, with only two times higher RGR in spring than in summer, but strongly higher absolute growth in summer than in spring, showed no plasticity among N forms in response to season and an overall preference for NO<sub><span>3</span></sub><sup><span>-</span></sup>. (4) In response to O<sub><span>3</span></sub>, both ploidy levels decreased their NO<sub><span>3</span></sub><sup><span>- </span></sup>uptake rates as a consequence of C acquisition reduction. However, while diploid was not able to modify its preferences among N forms, and therefore decreased total N uptake rate, triploid was able to compensate the reduction in NO<sub><span>3</span></sub><sup><span>-</span></sup> uptake by increasing NH<sub><span>4</span></sub><sup><span>+</span></sup> and glycine acquisition, further decreasing the cost of N uptaken metabolism. (5) The different plasticity on N forms preferences across seasons and in response to elevated O<sub><span>3</span></sub> between ploidy levels was attributed to different C and N use strategy among nutrients functions in plants, i.e. mass growth, N uptake and metabolism and nutrient reserve, including repair or detoxication in response to O<sub><span>3</span></sub>. Those strategies are deeply explored in the discussion.</p>
Data from: Colour pattern variation forms local background matching camouflage in a leaf-mimicking toad
<p>Optimal camouflage can, in principle, be relatively easily achieved in simple, homogeneous, environments where backgrounds always have the same color, brightness, and patterning. Natural environments are, however, rarely homogenous and species often find themselves viewed against varied backgrounds where the task of concealment is more challenging. One result of variable backgrounds is the evolution of intraspecific phenotypic variation which may either be generalized, with multiple similarly cryptic patterns, or specialized, with each discrete color form maximizing concealment against a single component of the background. We investigated the role of phenotypic variation in a highly variable population of the Neotropical toad <em>Rhinella margaritifera</em> using visual modeling and a computer-based detection task. We found that phenotypic variation was not divided into discrete color morphs and all toads were well camouflaged against the forest floor. However, although the whole population may appear to consist of random samples from the background, the toads were a particularly close match to the leaf litter, suggesting that they masquerade as dead leaves, which are themselves variable. Furthermore, rather than each color form being equally effective against a single background, each toad was specialized towards its own particular local surroundings, as suggested by a specialist strategy. Taken together, these data highlight the importance of background matching to a nominally masquerading species, as well as how habitat heterogeneity at multiple spatial scales may affect the evolution of camouflage and phenotypic variation.</p>
FIGURE 10. Shield forms from L3 in Nematodes from galls on Myrtaceae. III. Fergusobia from flower bud and stigma galls on Eucalyptus, with descriptions of four new species
FIGURE 10. Shield forms from L3 fergusoninid larvae from flower bud galls (A–C redrawn from Currie (1937); D, E = automontage images, original): A, Fn. nicholsoni from flower bud galls on E. macrorrhyncha; B, Larva (Currie's Sp. 5) from flower bud galls on E. pauciflora; C, Fn. tillyardi (newly moulted) from flower bud gall on E. camaldulensis; D, larva from style gall on E. fasciculosa; E, larva from flower bud gall on E. fibrosa. Scale bars = 50 µm.
FIGURE 15 in Systematics of the Podarcis hispanicus complex (Sauria, Lacertidae) III: valid nomina of the western and central Iberian forms
FIGURE 15. Variation in undersides and subadult of Podarcis virescens. A) Male underside. Spain, motorway service area 4 km SW. of Ciempozuelos, 622 m (between Aranjuez and Valdemoro, province of Madrid), 26.04.2002 (BEV.7525). Photo P. Geniez. B) Male underside. Spain, Cazorla, Castillo de la Iruela, 906 m (province of Jaén), 21.04.2002 (BEV.7403). Photo P. Geniez. C) Female underside. Spain, La Montaña (just N. of Aranjuez), along the road M-305 (Aranjuez – Madrid) 200 m south of the "Calle Granada", 495 m (province of Madrid), 14.07.2010 (BEV.10946). Photo P. Geniez & P.-A. Crochet. D) Subadult. Bridge on the Arroyo de la Vid, 10 km N. Torrejón el Rubio (province of Cáceres), 20.08.1990 (PGe.1029). Photo P. Geniez.
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.