Find research datasets worth reusing
Search datasets from major research repositories and use ShareScore to quickly assess how well each record supports discovery, access, and reuse.
5,666
datasets available to search
ShareScore release 0.9.0
Dataset results
5,666 results for “Social”
The Caucasus-Economic and Social Analysis Journal of Southern Caucasus
<p>AGRICULTURAL, ENVIRONMENTAL & NATURAL SCIENCES</p> <p>SOCIAL, PEDAGOGY SCIENCES & HUMANITIES</p> <p>MEDICINE, VETERINARY MEDICINE, PHARMACY AND BIOLOGY SCIENCES</p> <p>TECHNICAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES</p> <p>REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND INFRASTRUCTURE</p> <p>ECONOMIC, MANAGEMENT & MARKETING SCIENCES</p> <p>LEGAL, LEGISLATION AND POLITICAL SCIENCES</p>
The Caucasus-Economic and Social Analysis Journal of Southern Caucasus
<p>AGRICULTURAL, ENVIRONMENTAL & NATURAL SCIENCES</p> <p>SOCIAL, PEDAGOGY SCIENCES & HUMANITIES</p> <p>MEDICINE, VETERINARY MEDICINE, PHARMACY AND BIOLOGY SCIENCES</p> <p>TECHNICAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES</p> <p>REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND INFRASTRUCTURE</p> <p>ECONOMIC, MANAGEMENT & MARKETING SCIENCES</p> <p>LEGAL, LEGISLATION AND POLITICAL SCIENCES</p>
Educational Social Software in der Bildungspraxis – Eine empirische Studie am Beispiel von Mahara.at
<p>Bei diesem Datensatz handelt es sich um die Datenbasis für die Masterarbeit mit dem Titel "Educational Social Software in der Bildungspraxis – Eine empirische Studie am Beispiel von Mahara.at".</p> <p>Es ist ein Dump einer PostgreSQL-Datenbank im Plain-Text-Format, der von einer aktiven Mahara-Instanz gezogen wurde.</p>
POLYMOD social contact data
<p>This is the POLYMOD study data.</p>
Social contact data for France
<p>Social contact data for France, with a total of 1755 participants of which the same participants can be present in 2 waves (≈13%). In each wave, participants reported contacts in two consecutive days.</p>
US State Social Distancing Intervention Dates (valid to 4/25/20)
<p>This dataset contains dates for the implementations of the following interventions in 50 US states plus Shelby County TN in response to COVID-19. Each intervention date has an associated comment containing sources for that date and a rationale when the decision was not strictly objective. Interventions are valid to 4/25/20 after which some states began to reverse some interventions.</p> <ul> <li>schools_universities <ul> <li>Primary/secondary school closing; partial closing is OK; State university closing if it precedes primary/secondary</li> </ul> </li> <li>travel_restrictions <ul> <li>Out of state travel quarantine restrictions OR state-level guidance to avoid traveling out of state</li> </ul> </li> <li>public_events <ul> <li>Banning of ALL public events of more than 100 participants</li> </ul> </li> <li>sport <ul> <li>Banning/canceling of sporting events. Banning of public events of 1000 or more also qualifies.</li> </ul> </li> <li>lockdown <ul> <li>Definitions vary, but include: banning of non-essential gatherings/business operations, ordering stay at home except for exercise and essential tasks; stay at home/safer at home orders</li> <li>Lockdown encompasses all other intervensions by definition, so if a state skips multiple interventions and goes to lockdown, the lockdown date is used for those interventions as well.</li> </ul> </li> <li>social_distancing_encouraged <ul> <li>State advice on distancing including: work from home, reduce public transport, avoid non-essential contact; any guidance for maintaining a physical distance from others will also qualify. Mere words "social distancing" do not count unless they are elaborated with what that means in practice. Messaging must be to public and not selected group (e.g. state employees).</li> </ul> </li> <li>self_isolating_if_ill <ul> <li>Strong recommendations/laws about self-isolating if showing COVID like symptoms; Statewide testing implies this, so whichever comes first. Messaging must be to public and not selected group (e.g. state employees).</li> </ul> </li> </ul>
Information transfer efficiency differs in wild chimpanzees and bonobos, but not social-cognition
Several theories have been generated to understand the socio-cognitive mechanisms underlying the unique cooperative abilities of humans. The "interdependence hypothesis" posits that the cognitive dimension of human cooperation evolved in contexts when several individuals needed to collaborate to achieve a common goal and that more interdependent individuals are more likely to cooperate (provide services to conspecifics) in non-collaborative contexts. Alternatively, the "social tolerance hypothesis" proposes that higher social tolerance allows conspecifics to cooperate more efficiently and with a wider range of partners. We conducted the first field experimental evaluation of both hypotheses in our closest living relatives by contrasting chimpanzees to the less interdependent but more tolerant bonobos. We compared each species' performance during a non-collaborative cooperative task: informing conspecifics about a danger. We presented Gaboon viper models to 82 individuals from 5 wild communities. Chimpanzees arriving late at the snake were significantly more likely to have heard a call and less likely to startle, indicating that chimpanzees were better informed about the presence of the threat than bonobos. This stems from clear species differences in how individuals adjusted their calling decisions to the level of information already available. Chimpanzees were more likely to call and produced more alarm calls when they had not yet heard a call, whereas bonobos did so when they already heard a call. Our results confirm the link between interdependence and cooperation performance. These species differences were most likely driven by differences in motivation rather than in cognitive capacities since both species tended to consider audience knowledge in their decision to call. Our results inform theories on the evolution of human cooperation by linking inter-group competition pressure and in-group cooperative motivation and/or capability.
Data from: When to stay and when to leave? Proximate causes of dispersal in an endangered social carnivore
<p>1. Reliable estimates of birth, death, emigration, and immigration rates are fundamental to understanding and predicting the dynamics of wild populations and, consequently, inform appropriate management actions. However, when individuals disappear from a focal population, inference on their fate is often challenging.</p> <p><br> 2. Here we used 30 years of individual-based mark-recapture data from a population of free-ranging African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) in Botswana and a suite of individual, social, and environmental predictors to investigate factors affecting the decision to emigrate from the pack. We subsequently used this information to assign an emigration probability to those individuals that were no longer sighted within their pack (i.e. missing individuals).</p> <p>3. Natal dispersal (i.e. emigration from the natal pack) showed seasonal patterns with female dispersal peaking prior to the mating season and male dispersal peaking at the beginning of the wet season. For both sexes, natal dispersal rate increased in the absence of unrelated individuals of the opposite sex in the pack. Male natal dispersal decreased with increasing number of pups in the pack and increased in larger packs. Female natal dispersal decreased with increasing number of pups in larger packs, but increased with increasing number of pups in smaller packs. Individuals of both sexes were less likely to exhibit secondary dispersal (i.e. emigration from a pack other than the natal pack) if they were dominant and if many pups were present in the pack.</p> <p>4. Our models predicted that 18% and 25% of missing females and males, respectively, had likely dispersed from the natal pack, rather than having died. A misclassification of this order of magnitude between dispersal and mortality can have far-reaching consequences in the evaluation and prediction of population dynamics and persistence, and potentially mislead conservation actions.</p> <p>5. Our study showed that the decision to disperse is context-dependent and that the effect of individual, social, and environmental predictors differs between males and females and between natal and secondary dispersal related to different direct and indirect fitness consequences. Furthermore, we demonstrated how a thorough understanding of the proximate causes of dispersal can be used to assign a dispersal probability to missing individuals. Knowledge of causes of dispersal can then be used within an integrated framework to more reliably estimate mortality rates.</p>
Data from: Co-prescription network reveals social dynamics of opioid doctor shopping
This paper examines network prominence in a co-prescription network as an indicator of opioid doctor shopping (i.e., fraudulent solicitation of opioids from multiple prescribers). Using longitudinal data from a large commercially insured population, we construct a network where a tie between patients is weighted by the number of shared opioid prescribers. Given prior research suggesting that doctor shopping may be a social process, we hypothesize that active doctor shoppers will occupy central structural positions in this network. We show that network prominence, operationalized using PageRank, is associated with more opioid prescriptions, higher predicted risk for dangerous morphine dosage, opioid overdose, and opioid use disorder, controlling for number of prescribers and other variables. Moreover, as a patient's prominence increases over time, so does their risk for these outcomes, compared to their own average level of risk. Results highlight the importance of co-prescription networks in characterizing high-risk social dynamics.
Data from: Understanding sentiment of national park visitors from social media data
<p>National parks are key for conserving biodiversity and supporting people´s well-being. However, anthropogenic pressures challenge the existence of national parks and their conservation effectiveness. Therefore, it is crucial to assess how people perceive national parks in order to enhance socio-political support for conservation. User-generated data shared by visitors on social media provide opportunities to understand how people perceive (e.g. preferences, feelings, opinions) national parks during nature-based recreational experiences. In this study, we applied methods from automated natural language processing to assess visitors' sentiment when describing experiences in Instagram posts geolocated inside four national parks in South Africa. We found that visitors' sentiment was positive, and mostly included emotions such as joy, anticipation, trust and surprise, with only a small occurrence of posts with negative feelings. Appreciation of nature, in association with a diverse set of other aspects, such as activities, geographical features and tourist attractions, was used to describe experiences related to nature, wilderness, traveling, holidays and adventures. The type of nature-based experience described by visitors was park specific, revealing different profiles of parks providing wildlife or scenery experiences. Findings support and highlight the societal role of national parks in providing visitors with opportunities to develop positive connections with nature. Social media data may be used to understand visitors' perceptions, and how the image of national parks is constructed by users in the virtual social environment. This may help inform management for promoting a high quality tourism experience, as well as conservation marketing aimed at fostering socio-political support for national parks and their long-term conservation effectiveness.</p>
Data from: Social bonds do not mediate the relationship between early adversity and adult glucocorticoids in wild baboons
<p>In humans and other animals, harsh conditions in early life can have profound effects on adult physiology, including the stress response. This relationship may be mediated by a lack of supportive relationships in adulthood. That is, early life adversity may inhibit the formation of supportive social ties, and weak social support is itself often linked to dysregulated stress responses. Here we use prospective, longitudinal data from wild baboons in Kenya to test the links between early adversity, adult social bonds, and adult fecal glucocorticoid hormone concentrations (a measure of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation and the stress response). Using a novel causal inference framework, we found that experiencing one or more sources of early adversity led to a 9-14% increase in females' glucocorticoid concentrations across adulthood. However, these effects were not mediated by weak social bonds: the direct effects of early adversity on adult glucocorticoid concentrations were 11 times stronger than the effects mediated by social bonds. This pattern occurred, in part, because the effect of social bonds on glucocorticoids was weak compared to the powerful effects of early adversity on glucocorticoid levels in adulthood. Hence, in female baboons, weak social bonds in adulthood are not enough to explain the effects of early adversity on glucocorticoid concentrations. Together, our results support the well-established notions that early adversity and weak social bonds both predict poor adult health. However, the magnitudes of these two effects differ considerably, and they may act independently of one another.</p>
Data from: Young but not defenseless: antifungal activity during embryonic development of a social insect
Termites live in environments heavily colonized by diverse microbial communities, including pathogens. Eggs laid within the nest likely experience similar pathogenic pressures as their older nestmates. Consequently, they may have also been under selective pressures to be immune-competent. Through in vitro experiments, we tested the ontogeny, location and strength of embryos' antifungal activity against the fungus Metarhizium brunneum. Extraembryonic washes and intraembryonic components were incubated with fungal conidia, which was then scored for viability. Fungistatic activity was location- and stage-dependent. Extraembryonic washes had relatively weak antifungal activity. Conversely, intraembryonic contents were highly antifungal, exhibiting increased potency through development. Boiling both embryonic washes and intraembryonic contents rescued conidia viability, indicating the antifungal agent(s) is (are) likely proteinaceous. Embryonic protein profiles shifted from putative vitellogenins in young embryos to multiple proteins in subsequent stages, suggesting that the increase in fungistatic activity may be due to the expression of endogenous proteins during embryogenesis. This study is the first to address embryonic antifungal activity in a hemimetabolous eusocial taxon. Our results support the hypothesis that microbes have been significant agents of selection, fostering the evolution of antifungal properties even in the most immature and supposed, most vulnerable stage of development.
Data from: The complexity of social complexity: a quantitative multidimensional approach for studies on social organisation
<p>The rapid increase in "big data" of the post-genomic era makes it crucial to appropriately measure the level of social complexity in comparative studies. We argue that commonly-used qualitative classifications lump together species showing a broad range of social complexity, and falsely imply that social evolution always progresses along a single linear stepwise trajectory that can be deduced from comparing extant species. To illustrate this point, we compared widely-used social complexity measures in "primitively eusocial" bumble bees with "advanced eusocial" stingless bees, honey bees, and attine ants. We find that a single species can have both higher and lower levels of complexity compared to other taxa, depending on the social trait measured. We propose that measuring the complexity of individual social traits switches focus from semantic discussions and offers several directions for progress. Firstly, quantitative social traits can be correlated with molecular, developmental, and physiological processes within and across lineages of social animals. This approach is particularly promising for identifying processes that influence or have been affected by social evolution. Secondly, key social complexity traits can be combined into multidimensional lineage-specific quantitative indices enabling fine scale comparison across species that are currently bundled within the same level of social complexity.</p>
Data from: Staying ahead of the game –plasticity in chorusing behavior allows males to remain attractive in different social environments
The dynamic nature of many breeding aggregations, where the composition and attractiveness of a male's competitors is ever changing, places extreme pressure on advertising males to remain competitive. In response to this challenge, males may adjust the properties of their calls, or change when they signal relative to their nearest neighbors, which are likely their strongest competitors. We used two playback experiments - one simulating a conspecific environment and the other simulating a mixed-species environment - to test the hypothesis that males use social plasticity in signal features, signal timing, or both, to remain attractive. Further, we examined whether this plasticity is mediated by selective attention, through which males change calling behavior in response to the most relevant competitors, while disregarding less relevant rivals. We find that males change some temporal call features, but rely strongly on signal timing to remain attractive relative to rivals. Simultaneous assessment of both types of calling plasticity allowed us to makes sense of counterintuitive responses of male calling behavior that would otherwise appear non-adaptive. We further show that this plasticity is most pronounced in response to attractive/conspecific males. We discuss how sexual selection by female choice may influence the trade-off between call feature and call timing plasticity, as well as how competitive interactions on a local scale may affect the overall acoustic environment in the chorus.
Data from: Social effects on age-related and sex-specific immune cell profiles in a wild mammal
<p>Evidence for age-related changes in innate and adaptive immune responses is increasing in wild populations. Such changes have been linked to fitness, and knowledge of the factors driving immune response variation is important for understanding the evolution of immunity. Age-related changes in immune profiles may be due to factors such as immune system development, sex-specific behaviour and responses to environmental conditions. Social environments may also contribute to variation in immunological responses, for example, through transmission of pathogens and stress arising from resource and mate competition. Yet, the impact of the social environment on age-related changes in immune cell profiles is currently understudied in the wild. Here, we tested the relationship between leukocyte cell composition (proportion of neutrophils and lymphocytes [innate and adaptive immunity, respectively] that were lymphocytes) and age, sex, and group size in a wild population of European badgers (<i>Meles meles</i>). We found that the proportion of lymphocytes in early-life was greater in males in smaller groups compared to larger groups, but with a faster age-related decline in smaller groups. In contrast, the proportion of lymphocytes in females was not significantly related to age or group size. Our results provide evidence of sex-specific age-related changes in immune cell profiles in a wild mammal, which are influenced by the social environment.</p>
Data from: Parasite infections in a social carnivore: evidence of their fitness consequences and factors modulating infection load
There are substantial individual differences in parasite composition and infection load in wildlife populations. Few studies have investigated the factors shaping this heterogeneity in large wild mammals or the impact of parasite infections on Darwinian fitness, particularly in juveniles. A host's parasite composition and infection load can be shaped by factors that determine contact with infective parasite stages and those that determine the host's resistance to infection, such as abiotic and social environmental factors, and age. Host-parasite interactions and synergies between co-infecting parasites may also be important. We test predictions derived from these different processes to investigate factors shaping infection loads (faecal egg/oocyte load) of two energetically costly gastrointestinal parasites: the hookworm Ancylostoma and the intracellular Cystoisospora, in juvenile spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta) in the Serengeti National Park, in Tanzania. We also assess whether parasite infections curtail survival to adulthood and longevity. Ancylostoma and Cystoisospora infection loads declined as the number of adult clan members increased, a result consistent with an encounter-reduction effect whereby adults reduced encounters between juveniles and infective larvae, but were not affected by the number of juveniles in a clan. Infection loads decreased with age, possibly because active immune responses to infection improved with age. Differences in parasite load between clans possibly indicate variation in abiotic environmental factors between clan den sites. The survival of juveniles (< 365 days old) to adulthood decreased with Ancylostoma load, increased with age and was modulated by maternal social status. High-ranking individuals with low Ancylostoma loads had a higher survivorship during the first four years of life than high-ranking individuals with high Ancylostoma loads. These findings suggest that high infection loads with energetically costly parasites such as hookworms during early life can have negative fitness consequences.
Base de datos prensa asesinatos líderes sociales colombia 2018
<p>Base de datos, con elementos de rastreo sobre notas de prensa en El Tiempo y El Espectador sobre asesinato de líderes sociales en el año 2018, realizado para la investigación "Representaciones sociales del asesinato de líderes sociales en el 2018 en el discurso noticioso de la prensa colombiana"</p>
Base casos de asesinatos líderes sociales en colombia 2018
<p>Base de datos con registro de casos de líderes y lideresas asesinados en colombia en el 2018, construida a partir de informes de Somos Defensores y de la página web de Vidas Silenciadas. Realizado en el marco de la investigación "Representaciones sociales del asesinato de líderes sociales en colombia 2018 en el discurso de la prensa colombiana"</p>
Data from: Group density, disease, and season shape territory size and overlap of social carnivores
<p>1. The spatial organization of a population can influence the spread of information, behaviour, and pathogens. Territory size and territory overlap, components of spatial organization, provide key information as these metrics may be indicators of habitat quality, resource dispersion, contact rates, and environmental risk (e.g., indirectly transmitted pathogens). Furthermore, sociality and behaviour can also shape space use, and subsequently, how space use and habitat quality together impact demography.</p> <p>2. Our study aims to identify factors shaping the spatial organization of wildlife populations and assess the impact of epizootics on space use. We also use network analysis to describe spatial organization and connectivity of social groups.</p> <p>3. Here, we assessed the seasonal spatial organization of Serengeti lions and Yellowstone wolves at the group level. We examine the factors predicting mean territory size and mean territory overlap for each population using generalized additive models. We further explore the mechanisms by which disease perturbations could cause changes in spatial organization.</p> <p>4. We demonstrate that lions and wolves were similar in that group-level factors, such as number of groups, shaped spatial organization more than population-level factors, such as population density. Factors shaping territory size were slightly different than factors shaping territory overlap; for example, wolf pack size was an important predictor of territory overlap, but not territory size. Lion spatial networks were more highly connected, while wolf spatial networks varied seasonally. We found that resource dispersion may be more important for driving territory size and overlap for wolves than for lions. Additionally, canine distemper epizootics may alter lion spatial organization, highlighting the importance of including behavioural and movement ecology in studies of pathogen transmission dynamics.</p> <p>5. We provide insight about when we might expect to observe the impacts of resource dispersion, disease perturbations, and other ecological factors on spatial organization. Our work highlights the importance of monitoring and managing social carnivore populations at the group level. Future research should elucidate the complex relationships between demographics, social and spatial structure, abiotic and biotic conditions, and pathogen infections. </p>
Data from: Findings from an exploration of a social network intervention to promote diet quality and health behaviours in older adults with COPD: a feasibility study
<p><span><b>Background: </b>Diet quality in older people with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is associated with better health and lung function. Social factors, such as social support, social networks and participation in activities, have been linked with diet quality in older age. A social network tool – GENIE (Generating Engagement in Network Involvement) – was implemented in a COPD community care context. The study aimed to assess the feasibility of the GENIE intervention to promote diet quality and other health behaviours in COPD. </span></p> <p><span><b>Methods:</b> Twenty-two community-dwelling older adults with COPD were recruited from a local COPD Service. Participants were offered usual care or the GENIE intervention. Process evaluation methods were used to assess intervention implementation, context and mechanisms of impact; <a name="_Hlk11247522">these included observations of patient interactions with the intervention, documented in observational field notes and in films of a patient group discussion.</a> Diet quality was assessed by food frequency questionnaire; 'prudent' diet scores were used to describe diet quality at baseline and at 3-month follow-up. Change in diet quality was expressed per month, from baseline to follow-up.</span></p> <p><b>Results: </b>Feasibility data showed that the GENIE intervention could be implemented in this sample of community-living older people. The intervention was acceptable to clinicians and older people with COPD, especially for those with less severe disease, when facilitated appropriately and considering the levels of literacy of participants. There was no significant change in diet quality in the intervention group over the follow-up period (median change in prudent diet score per month, (interquartile range (IQR)): 0.03, (-0.24 – 0.07)); whereas an overall fall in diet quality was observed in the control group (-0.15, (-0.24 – 0.03)).</p> <p><span><b>Conclusion: </b>The process evaluation findings suggest that this intervention is feasible and acceptable to both patients and clinicians. Although the sample size achieved in this study was small, findings suggest that the intervention may have a protective effect against declines in diet quality, and other health behaviours, in an older COPD population. Findings from this feasibility study indicate that further evaluation of the GENIE intervention is warranted in a larger study, with a longer follow-up.</span></p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.