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FIGURE. 3 in Reassessment of species delimitation using nuclear markers in three lentic-breeding salamanders from the Chugoku District of Japan (Amphibia: Caudata: Hynobiidae)
FIGURE. 3. Results of STRUCTURE analysis based on the 403 SNPs. (A) Estimated mean lnL and Delta K values for each number of cluster (K). (B)
FIGURE. 2 in Reassessment of species delimitation using nuclear markers in three lentic-breeding salamanders from the Chugoku District of Japan (Amphibia: Caudata: Hynobiidae)
FIGURE. 2. Bayesian tree based on the complete cyt-b gene for the Hynobius akiensis sensu lato and related species. Asterisks above branches indicate nodes with bootstrap supports for ML inference (bs)>70 % and Bayesian posterior probability (bpp)>95 %.
FIGURE. 1 in Reassessment of species delimitation using nuclear markers in three lentic-breeding salamanders from the Chugoku District of Japan (Amphibia: Caudata: Hynobiidae)
FIGURE. 1. Map of Chugoku and Shikoku district showing ranges of Hynobius akiensis, H. sumidai, H. geiyoensis, H. utsunomiyaorum, H. setouchi and H. iwami.
Use of amino acid isotope analysis to investigate capital versus income breeding strategies in migratory avian species
<p>Income and capital breeding represent opposing ends of a continuum of reproductive strategies. Quantifying nutrient allocation to reproduction is challenging, but recent advances in compound-specific stable isotope analysis hold promise for tracing the source of individual compounds allocated to reproduction. </p> <p>Here, we describe a novel approach of using measured carbon (δ<sup>13</sup>C) and nitrogen (δ<sup>15</sup>N) isotope values of individual amino acids (AAs) in pectoral muscle of egg-laying females and egg yolk as a useful tool to quantify the reliance on income versus capital breeding in migrating species. We used white-fronted (<em>Anser albifrons frontalis</em>), lesser snow (<em>A. caerulescens caerulescens</em>), and black brant (<em>Branta bernicla nigricans</em>) geese breeding in tundra ecosystems of northern Alaska as model organisms.</p> <p>All three species relied on mixed capital-income breeding strategies, but models based on AA isotope data estimated higher proportional contributions of endogenous resources to yolk synthesis compared to results based on bulk tissue isotope analyses. </p> <p>Tracing income versus capital nutrient allocation in migratory species at the compound level is a major advance from the current 'elemental' perspective obtained from bulk tissue stable isotope analyses. Our framework is applicable to all taxonomic groups, as long as there is a sufficient spatial or temporal isotopic gradient between resources obtained during the breeding and non-breeding periods.</p>
Data to estimate the effect of inbreeding on breeding coloration in sand lizards
<p>Animal color signals may function as indicators of fighting ability when males compete for access to females. This allows opponents to settle aggressive interactions before they escalate into physical combat and injury. Thus, there may be strong directional selection on these traits, toward enhanced signal quality. This renders sexually selected traits particularly susceptible to inbreeding depression, due to relatively low ratios of additive genetic variance to dominance variance. We measured the effects of inbreeding on an intrasexually selected color signal (the badge) in a population of Swedish sand lizards (<em>Lacerta</em> <em>agilis</em>) using the Rhh software based on 17 to 21 microsatellites. Males of this sexually dichromatic species use the badge during aggressive interactions to display, and assess, fighting ability. We found negative effects of homozygosity on badge size, saturation, and brightness. However, no such effects were observed on color hue. Pairwise correlations between badge size, hue, and saturation were all statistically significant. Thus, the sand lizard "badge" is a multicomponent signal with variation explained by covariation in badge size, saturation, and color hue. Body mass corrected for skeletal size (body condition) positively predicted badge size and saturation, encouraging future research on the extent that sexual signals may convey information on multigene targets (i.e. "genic capture").</p>
Behavioural, demographic and fitness consequences of social instability in cooperatively breeding dwarf mongoose groups
<p><span>Social instability frequently arises in group-living species, but the potential costs</span> <span>have rarely been investigated in free-living cooperative breeders, especially across different timeframes.</span><span> Using natural observations, body-mass measurements and life-history data from dwarf mongooses (<em>Helogale</em> <em>parvula</em>), we determined the short- and longer-term consequences of a change in one of the dominant breeding pair. We found that a new breeder led to alterations in both collective and individual behaviour (i.e., increases in communal scent-marking, engagement in intergroup interactions, sentinel activity and within-group grooming), as well as reduced body-mass gain, further demographic changes and decreased reproductive success (i.e., fewer pups surviving to adulthood). The effects were particularly apparent when it was the female breeder who changed; new female breeders were younger than more experienced counterparts. Our findings support the idea that stability and cooperation are strongly linked and provide potential reasons for previously documented health and fitness benefits of social stability.</span></p>
Data from: Morphological measurements and mercury levels of Saltmarsh Sparrows sampled across their breeding range
<p><span>Malaria parasites (genus <em>Plasmodium</em>) are important agents of infectious disease in birds and multiple factors including warming temperatures and environmental contamination may act to increase their geographic and host ranges. </span>Here, we examined the role of geographical variation and environmental mercury exposure in malaria parasite infection dynamics in an imperiled songbird species with high mercury exposition, the Saltmarsh Sparrow (<em>Ammospiza caudacutus</em>). Using PCR methods, we <span>screened 280 Saltmarsh Sparrows from across their breeding range for malaria parasite infection. </span>We detected malaria parasites in 17% of sampled birds and a total of six <em>Plasmodium</em> lineages. <span>Prevalence of infection and diversity of parasite lineages varied across the breeding range of the Saltmarsh Sparrow and increased at more northern latitudes. Although mercury is a known immunosuppressant and has been documented to alter an individual's susceptibility to pathogens, we did not find a significant difference in blood mercury levels between infected and not infected birds, perhaps due to sampling methods and/or small sample sizes. As a specialist of coastal wetlands, the Saltmarsh Sparrow is an excellent indicator species for ecological health, and the patterns of malaria parasite infection with host distribution and mercury suggest that birds at northern latitudes are at greater risk of disease and should be priorities for conservation, habitat, and pathogen monitoring. </span></p>
Fig. 2 in Exploration of genetic, morphological and essential oil variation reveals tools for the authentication and breeding of Salvia pomifera subsp. calycina (Sm.) Hayek
Fig. 2. Principal Coordinates Analysis based on the codominant genotypic distances of the S. pomifera subsp. calycina individuals from the five Peloponnese populations (pom1 (blue square): 1–10, pom2 (green rhombus): 11–20, pom3 (pink triangle): 21–30, pom4 (purple x): 31–39, pom5 (red circle): 40–49). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Fig. 3 in Exploration of genetic, morphological and essential oil variation reveals tools for the authentication and breeding of Salvia pomifera subsp. calycina (Sm.) Hayek
Fig. 3. Proportion of membership of each pre-defined population in each genetic group created by STRUCTURE for a. K = 2 and b. for K = 4. Every individual is represented by a vertical line divided into colours representing the different genetic groups (1–10: S. fruticosa populations, 11–15: S. pomifera subsp. calycina populations, last vertical line S. officinalis sample). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Fig. 1 in Exploration of genetic, morphological and essential oil variation reveals tools for the authentication and breeding of Salvia pomifera subsp. calycina (Sm.) Hayek
Fig. 1. Discriminant analysis based on the thirty-one essential oil components, present above 0.1 % in all Salvia pomifera subsp. calycina samples, with the population (pom1-pom5) as grouping variable.
Keeping cool with poop: Urohidrosis lowers leg surface temperature by up to 6ºC in breeding White storks
<p><span>Storks (<em>Ciconiidae</em>) are renowned for defecating on their legs when exposed to high temperatures, a phenomenon known as 'urohidrosis'. Previous work suggested that this behaviour can </span><span>cool down the blood supply to the legs and thus prevent hyperthermia in captive storks when overheated. However, no study has quantified the magnitude or duration of its evaporative cooling effect in free-ranging birds. Here, we combine urohidrosis data with thermal imaging and microclimate data to investigate the thermoregulatory significance of urohidrosis in White storks <em>Ciconia</em> <em>ciconia</em> during the breeding season. We show that urohidrosis can reduce leg surface temperature by up to 6.7 ºC (4.40 ± 1.04 ºC). Yet its cooling effect was of short duration (lasting no more than 2.5 min) and decreased with time since defecation. Thus, for urohidrosis to significantly contribute to heat dissipation, storks must perform it repeatedly when overheated. Indeed, individuals can perform up to 11 urohidrosis events per hour; our estimates indicate that repeated urohidrosis could represent a significant amount of heat loss during short-time spans — equivalent to 4% of daily field metabolic rate for an adult stork. Our results points to an absence of differences in the cooling efficiency of urohidrosis between adults and nestlings, probably because all nestlings were recorded during the last phase of the ontogeny of thermoregulation. Besides, during the hottest days adult storks delivered water to their nestlings, which might allow them to replenish body water reserves to sustain urohidrosis and other heat dissipation behaviours such as panting or gular fluttering. Our results indicate that urohidrosis might buffer the impact of high temperatures in breeding storks, preventing overheating and lethal hyperthermia. Gaining knowledge about behavioural thermoregulation in the heat is therefore crucial to better predict the future persistence and vulnerability of species under different climate warming scenarios.</span></p>
FIGURE1. Breeding, migrating and wintering distributions of Palearctic Anthus [rubescens] japonicus and Nearctic Anthus rubescens rubescens/alticola subspecies groups (from BirdLife International 2022; illustration @Andrew Birch). Circles indicate origins of sequenced individuals and triangles indicate origins of analysed recordings of calls. Localities outside of the usual range of the species complex (e.g., Ireland, Oman and Israel) are not figured here. in --Molecular--and--acoustic--evidence--support--the--species--status--of--Anthus rubescens rubescens and--Anthus [rubescens] japonicus--(Passeriformes:--Motacillidae)
FIGURE1. Breeding, migrating and wintering distributions of Palearctic Anthus [rubescens] japonicus and Nearctic Anthus rubescens rubescens/alticola subspecies groups (from BirdLife International 2022; illustration @Andrew Birch). Circles indicate origins of sequenced individuals and triangles indicate origins of analysed recordings of calls. Localities outside of the usual range of the species complex (e.g., Ireland, Oman and Israel) are not figured here.
Figure 1. A in Directional orientation of migration in an aseasonal explosive-breeding toad from Brazil
Figure 1. A breeding pair of Melanophrŋniscus cambaraensis (snout–vent length approximately 35 mm) at the study site.
Figure 3 in Directional orientation of migration in an aseasonal explosive-breeding toad from Brazil
Figure 3. Schematic map showing arrangement of drift fences and funnel traps around the temporary stream where Melanophrŋniscus cambaraensis form explosive breeding aggregations. The areas on both sides of the road are composed of planted Araucaria angustifolia forest.
Figure 2 in Directional orientation of migration in an aseasonal explosive-breeding toad from Brazil
Figure 2. Method of data collection at the Melanophrŋniscus cambaraensis breedingsite.Layoutof driftfencesandfunneltraps (a). Thebreedingsite was completelyenclosed with two plastic sheets and funnel traps facing inwardsandoutwards weredistributedaround thefences. Notedirtroad adjacent to the breeding site. Close-up showing fence and funnel trap design (b). To hold the fence tightly to the rocky substrate, we weighted the base of the fence by folding over and stapling the lower edge of the plastic sheets and filling the resulting pocket with soil and small rocks. We inserted soil and rocks next to the funnel traps to seal spaces in the fence and placed soil on the floor of the funnel to facilitate toad entry.
Figure 4 in Directional orientation of migration in an aseasonal explosive-breeding toad from Brazil
Figure 4. Circular histograms showing the frequency and mean vector for the directional orientation of pre- and post-reproductive migration in Melanophrŋniscus cambaraensis, excluding pseudoreplicate captures. The observed data were significantly different from expected under a uniform distribution for both pre- and post-reproductive migration, regardless of gender (Rao's spacing test, all P <0.001).
Sustainable Reduction of Dengue in Colombia: Vector Breeding Site Intervention With an Insecticidal Coating
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06268691. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 2. Publications: 5.
Data from: Sex ratio variations among years and breeding systems in a facultatively parthenogenetic termite
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Data from: A high-density exome capture genotype-by-sequencing panel for forestry breeding in Pinus radiata
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Data from: Inbreeding, inbreeding depression and infidelity in a cooperatively-breeding bird
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.