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18,658 results for “impacts”
Quantification of thermal impacts across freshwater life stages to improve temperature management for anadromous salmonids
<p>Water temperature is the major controlling factor that shapes the physiology, behavior, and ultimately, survival of aquatic ectotherms. Here we examine temperature effects on the survival of Chinook salmon (<em>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</em>), a species of high economic and conservation importance. We implement a framework to assess how incremental changes in temperature impact survival across populations that is based on thermal performance models for three freshwater life stages of Chinook salmon. These temperature-dependent models were combined with local spatial distribution and phenology data to translate spatial-temporal stream temperature data into maps of life stage-specific physiological performance in space and time. Specifically, we converted temperature-dependent performance (i.e., energy used by pre-spawned adults, mortality of incubating embryos, and juvenile growth rate) into a common currency that measures survival in order to compare thermal effects across life stages. Based on temperature data from two abnormally warm and dry years for three managed rivers in the Central Valley, California, temperature-dependent mortality during pre-spawning holding was higher than embryonic mortality or juvenile mortality prior to smolting. However, we found that local phenology and spatial distribution helped to mitigate negative thermal impacts. In a theoretical application, we showed that high temperatures may inhibit successful reintroduction of threatened Central Valley spring-run Chinook salmon to two rivers where they have been extirpated. To increase Chinook salmon population sizes, especially for the threatened and declining spring-run, our results indicate that adults may need more cold-water holding habitat than currently available in order to reduce pre-spawning mortality stemming from high temperatures. To conclude, our framework is an effective way to calculate thermal impacts on multiple salmonid populations and life stages within a river over time, providing local managers the information to minimize negative thermal impacts on salmonid populations, particularly important during years when cold-water resources are scarce.</p>
Data from: Modeling the impact of birth control policies on China's population and age: effects of delayed births and minimum birth age constraints
<p>We consider age-structured models with an imposed refractory period between births. These models can be used to formulate alternative population control strategies to China's one-child policy. By allowing any number of births, but with an imposed delay between births, we show how the total population can be decreased and how a relatively older age distribution can be generated. This delay represents a more "continuous" form of population management for which the strict one-child policy is a limiting case. Such a policy approach could be more easily accepted by society. Our analyses provide an initial framework for studying demographics and how social constraints influence population structure.</p> <p>This dataset includes the raw population data for 1981 China and 2000 Japan, and some Matlab code files used to process such raw data and produce predictions.</p>
Dataset for D1.4: Guidelines for a new interactive impact assessment approaches
<p>The purpose of the data collection was in relation to the SiEUGreen project deliverable, Guidelines for a new interactive IA approach – revision of D1.4 submitted in 2021. This dataset includes the data from testing the tool in Turunclu greenhouse in Hatay.</p> <p>The dataset contains:</p> <ul> <li>Structured interviews with planners and greenhouse manager</li> <li>Online surveys with participants in workshops</li> </ul>
GEOS-Chem 2015 Speciated PM2.5 Outputs for "Impact of circular- and single-sector waste-heat reuse pathways on PM2.5-air quality, CO2 emissions, and human health in India; material exchanges more viable to achieve sustainability targets"
<p>Daily PM2.5 and species outputs from GEOS-Chem Modeling over India (0.5° x 0.625°) </p>
Effects of water source and technology on energy use and environmental impacts of rice production in northern Iran
<p>To analyze the energy flow and greenhouse gas emissions, a total of 200 paddy fields were selected based on the water source utilized for irrigation (river as the surface water source and well as the underground water source), transplanting methods (traditional and mechanical) and grain yield (low- and high-yielding rice cultivars) as a factorial experimental design (2×2×2=8 conditions). Data were collected in 2020 from 200 rice growers in northern Iran using a face-to-face questionnaire survey.</p>
Petrophysical data for 29 samples from the Chicxulub impact crater.
<p>Note: ɸ-porosity, ρ<sub>b</sub>-bulk density, ρ<sub>g</sub>-grain density, k-permeability, F-formation factor, m-cementation exponent, τ<sup>2</sup>-tortuosity, C<sub>s</sub>-surface conductivity, Vp-acoustic velocity of compressional waves. Uncertainty for porosity, density, permeability, velocity and conductivity is 5%. Uncertainty for formation factor, cementation exponent and tortuosity is 8%). Lith <sup>1 </sup>and Unit <sup>1</sup> after Morgan et al. (2017), Unit <sup>2</sup> after de Graaf et al. (2021, UIM-upper impact melt rock unit, LIMB-lower impact melt rock-bearing unit)) and Kaskes et al. (2021).</p> <p> </p> <p>Morgan, J. V., Gulick, S. P. S., Bralower, T. J., Chenot, E., Christeson, G. L., Claeys, P., et al. (2016). The formation of peak rings in large impact craters. Science, 354(6314), 878–882. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aah6561">https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aah6561</a></p> <p>de Graaff, S. J., Kaskes, P., Déhais, T., Goderis, S., Vinciane, D., Ross, C. H., et al. (2021). New insights into the formation and emplacement of impact melt rocks within the Chicxulub impact structure, following the 2016 IODP-ICDP Expedition 364. Geological Society of America Bulletin. <a href="https://doi.org/doi:">https://doi.org/doi:</a> <a href="https://doi.org/10.1130/B35795.1">https://doi.org/10.1130/B35795.1</a></p> <p>Kaskes, P., de Graaff, S. J., Feignon, J. G., Déhais, T., Goderis, S., Ferrière, L., et al. (2021). Formation of the crater suevite sequence from the Chicxulub peak ring: A petrographic, geochemical, and sedimentological characterization. Geological Society of America Bulletin. <a href="https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1130/B36020.1">https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1130/B36020.1</a></p>
Does the social distancing measures impact collaboration in software processes?
<p>Context: Social distancing measures to reduce the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic bring challenges for several organizations<br> and their Information Systems (IS). Problem: Social distancing were suddenly implemented, with no adequate planning. Furthermore, there is not a clear understanding of the impacts of social distancing measures on the software development teams’ work. Solution: This study aims to identify the presence and impacts of social distancing on collaboration between people, as well as<br> on activities and technologies used in software development, from the perspective of professionals who work in software development teams. IS Theory: The research was developed under the aegis of the Team Resilience Theory. Method: A field study was conducted based on structured interviews and qualitative analysis. Results: In general, it was observed no impact on the software processes activities, although their performance was affected. It was also observed that the impact on the collaboration dynamics in software development was perceived in different ways, by several team members. This study identified the most common tools used by organizations, as well as the benefits and challenges of collaboration in software development after social distancing measures. Contribution: The impacts of social distancing on collaboration in software development were identified, reinforcing the Team Resilience Theory and similar study conducted in the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study contributes to the Grand Research Challenge "Systemic and Socially Aware Perspective for Information Systems".</p>
Statistical analyses of the impact of X-ray damage effects on conformational heterogeneity in room temperature (277 K) and cryo-cooled (100 K) protein crystals
<p>These data are published in support of the manuscript "Evaluating the impact of X-ray damage on conformational heterogeneity in room temperature and cryo-cooled protein crystals" submitted to Acta Crystallographica section D, authors:</p> <p>Filip Yabukarski<sup>1,</sup><sup>#,</sup>*, Tzanko Doukov<sup>5</sup>, Daniel A Mokhtari<sup>1</sup>, Siyuan Du<sup>1</sup>, Daniel Herschlag<sup>1,2,3,4</sup><sup>,</sup>*</p> <p><sup>1</sup>Department of Biochemistry, <sup>2</sup>Department of Chemistry, <sup>3</sup>Department of Chemical Engineering, <sup>4</sup>Stanford ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States, <sup>5</sup>Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States.</p> <p># Current address: Bristol Myers Squibb, San Diego, California 92121, United States.</p> <p>* Correspondence: fyabukar@stanford.edu, herschla@stanford.edu</p>
Fig. 2 in A Review Of Major Impact Factors Of Hostilities Influencing Biodiversity In The Eastern Ukraine (Modeled On Selected Animal Species)
Fig. 2. Temporal distribution of numbers of ignitions in ATO zone in 2010–2014.
The impact of molecular data on the phylogenetic position of the putative oldest crown crocodilian and the age of the clade
The use of molecular data for living groups is vital for interpreting fossils, especially when morphology-only analyses retrieve problematic phylogenies for living forms. These topological discrepancies impact on the inferred phylogenetic position of many fossil taxa. In Crocodylia, morphology-based phylogenetic inferences differ fundamentally in placing <i>Gavialis</i> basal to all other living forms, whereas molecular data consistently unite it with crocodylids. The Cenomanian <i>Portugalosuchus azenhae </i>was recently described as the oldest crown crocodilian, with affinities to <i>Gavialis</i>, based on morphology-only analyses, thus representing a potentially important new molecular clock calibration. Here we performed analyses incorporating DNA data into these morphological datasets, using scaffold and supermatrix (total evidence) approaches, in order to evaluate the position of basal crocodylians including <i>Portugalosuchus</i>. Our analyses incorporating DNA data robustly recovered <i>Portugalosuchus</i> outside Crocodylia (as well as thoracosaurs, planocraniids and <i>Borealosuchus</i> spp.), questioning the status of <i>Portugalosuchus</i> a crown crocodilian and any future use as a node calibration in molecular clock studies. Finally, we discuss how, with the increasing size of phylogenomic datasets, the molecular scaffold might be an efficient (though imperfect) approximation of more rigorous but demanding supermatrix analyses.
ARISE-SAI-1.5: Assessing Responses and Impacts of Solar climate intervention on the Earth system with Stratospheric Aerosol Injection, with cooling to 1.5C
<p>Assessing Responses and Impacts of Solar climate intervention on the Earth system with Stratospheric Aerosol Injection (ARISE-SAI) is a set of simulations carried out with the Community Earth System Model, version 2 with the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model, version 6 (CESM2(WACCM6)) that aims at simulating a plausible deployment of solar climate intervention of stratospheric aerosol injection to enable community assessment of responses of the Earth system. This first set of simulations introduce stratospheric aerosol injection at ~ 21 km in simulated year 2035, called ARISE-SAI-1.5, utilize the middle-of-the-road SSP2-4.5 emission scenario,, and keep global mean surface air temperature near 1.5°C above the pre-industrial value. Sulfur dioxide injections in the ARISE-SAI-1.5 simulations are placed at four injection locations (15°S, 15°N, 30°S, 30°N) into one grid box at 180° longitude, and midpoint altitude of 21.6 km. The injection amount at each latitude is specified annually by a “controller” algorithm. This strategy ensures that the global mean surface temperature (T0), north-south temperature gradient (T1), and equator-to-pole temperature gradient (T2) remain close to ~ 1.5°C above the pre-industrial value throughout the simulation.</p> <p> </p> <p>The files contained here contain output of surface temperature (TREFHT), total precipitation (PRECT), SO4, and controller log files with amounts of SO2 injection. </p>
Data from: When less is more and more is less: the impact of sampling effort on species delineation
Taxonomy is the very first step of most biodiversity studies, but how confident can we be in the taxonomic-systematic exercise? One may hypothesise that the more material, the better the taxonomic delineation, because the more accurate the description of morphological variability. As rarefaction curves assess the degree of knowledge on taxonomic diversity through sampling effort, we aim to test the impact of sampling effort on species delineation by subsampling a given assemblage. To do so, we use an abundant and morphologically diverse conodont fossil record. Within the assemblage, we first recognize four well established morphospecies but about 80% of the specimens share diagnostic characters of these morphospecies. We quantify these diagnostic characters on the sample using geometric morphometrics, and assess the number of morphometric groups, i.e. morphospecies, using ordination and cluster analyses. Then we gradually subsample the assemblage in two ways (randomly and by mimicking taxonomist work) and redo the 'ordination + clustering' protocol to appraise the evolution of the number of clusters related to sampling effort. We observe the number of delineated morphospecies decreasing when increasing the number of specimens, whatever the subsampling method, resulting mostly in less morphospecies than expected. Such rather counter-intuitive influence of sampling effort on species delineation highlights the complexity of taxonomical work. This indicates that new morphotaxa should not be erected based on small samples, and encourages researchers to largely illustrate, measure, and quantitatively compare their material to better constrain the morphological variability of a clade, and so to better characterize and delineate morphospecies. --
Urban Stream Environmental and Sequencing Datasets for Exploring the Impacts of Full-Scale Distribution System Orthophosphate Corrosion Control Implementation on the Microbial Ecology of Hydrologically Connected Urban Streams
<p>The dataset of environmental parameters and sequence fastqs used to create figures and do analysis in the paper <strong>Exploring the Impacts of Full-Scale Distribution System Orthophosphate Corrosion Control Implementation on the Microbial Ecology of Hydrologically Connected Urban Streams </strong>submitted to Applied and Environmental Microbiology. </p>
Dataset: A global synthesis of human impacts on the multifunctionality of streams and rivers
<p><span>Human impacts, particularly nutrient pollution and land-use change, have caused significant declines in the quality and quantity of freshwater resources. Most global assessments have concentrated on species diversity and composition, but effects on the multifunctionality of streams and rivers remain unclear. Here, we analyse the most comprehensive compilation of stream ecosystem functions to date to provide an overview of the responses of nutrient uptake, leaf litter decomposition, ecosystem productivity, and food web complexity to six globally pervasive human stressors. We show that human stressors inhibited ecosystem functioning for most stressor-function pairs. Nitrate uptake efficiency was most affected and was inhibited by 347% due to agriculture. However, concomitant negative and positive effects were common even within a given stressor-function pair. Some part of this variability in effect direction could be explained by the structural heterogeneity of the landscape and latitudinal position of the streams. Ranking human stressors by their absolute effects on ecosystem multifunctionality revealed significant effects for all studied stressors, with wastewater effluents (194%), agriculture (148%), and urban land use (137%) having the strongest effects. Our results demonstrate that we are at risk of losing the functional backbone of streams and rivers if human stressors persist in contemporary intensity, and that freshwaters are losing critical ecosystem services that humans rely on. We advocate for more studies on the effects of multiple stressors on ecosystem multifunctionality to improve the functional understanding of human impacts. Finally, freshwater management must shift its focus towards an ecological function-based approach and needs to develop strategies for maintaining or restoring ecosystem functioning of streams and rivers.</span></p>
The combined impact of persistent infections and human genetic variation on C-reactive protein levels
<p>GWAS summary statistics for high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels, and list of the 1809 SNPs included in the hsCRP polygenic risk score (CRP-PRS) calculation. </p>
Linking land-use and land-cover transitions to their ecological impact in the Amazon
<p>Authors: Cássio Alencar Nunes, Erika Berenguer, Filipe França, Joice Ferreira, Alexander C. Lees, Julio Louzada, Emma J. Sayer, Ricardo Solar, Charlotte C. Smith, Luiz E. O. C. Aragão, Danielle de Lima Braga, Plinio Camargo, Carlos Eduardo Pellegrino Cerri, Raimundo Cosme, Mariana Durigan, Nárgila Moura, Victor Hugo Fonseca Oliveira, Carla Ribas, Fernando Vaz-de-Mello, Ima Vieira, Ronald Zanetti, Jos Barlow</p> <p>Code repository for the paper: Nunes et al. Linking land-use and land-cover transitions to their ecological in the Amazon. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2022. In this repository we included codes and data that we used to run the all the analyses presented in the paper.</p>
Dataset for 'How do the products in methane dehydroaromatization impact the distinct stages of the reaction?'
<p>Dataset for the publication 'How do the products in methane dehydroaromatization impact the distinct stages of the reaction?': https://zenodo.org/record/6341774#.YnPySOhBxhF</p>
COVID-19 lockdown measures impacted citizen science hedgehog observation numbers in Bavaria, Germany
<p>The COVID-19 pandemic has led to temporary changes in human-animal interactions due to changes in human activities. Here we report on a surge in hedgehog observations during the first COVID-19 lockdown in Germany in 2020, on the citizen science web portal 'Igel in Bayern' (Hedgehogs in Bavaria) in Germany. This increase in comparison to previous years could be attributed to an increase in the number of people reporting hedgehog observations, rather than an increase in the number of hedgehog observations done by each observer. Additionally, in contrast to other studies on the effects of a COVID-19 lockdown on observations recorded by Citizen Science projects, the share of observations made in more urbanized areas during the lockdown time was not higher than the change observed in less urbanized areas. This is possibly a result of the differences in COVID-19 measures between Germany and other countries where preceding studies were carried out, in particular the lack of measures limiting outdoor activities for citizens.</p>
Data corresponding to "The Impact of Multi-sensor Land Data Assimilation on River Discharge Estimation"
<p>This dataset is corresponding to the input and output files that were used in this study:</p> <p>Wu, W.-Y., Z.-L. Yang, L. Zhao, P. Lin (2022), Joint Multi-sensor Data Assimilation for Constraining Water Storages and its Impact on Global Discharge Estimation (<em>in revision, RSE</em>)</p>
Quantifying the impacts of 166 years of land cover change on lowland bird communities
<p><span>Land cover change for agriculture is thought to be a major threat to global biodiversity</span><span>. </span><span>However, </span><span>its ecological impact </span><span>has rarely been quantified in the Northern Hemisphere, as broad-scale conversion to farmland mainly occurred until the 1400s-1700s in the region, limiting the availability of sufficient data.</span><span> </span><span>The Ishikari Lowland in Hokkaido, Japan offers an excellent opportunity to address this issue, as hunter–gatherer lifestyles dominated in this region until the mid-19th century and land cover maps are available for the period of land cover changes, i.e., 1850-2016.</span> <span>Using these maps and a hierarchical community model of relationships between breeding bird abundance and land cover types, we estimated that broad-scale land cover change over a 166 year period was associated with more than 70% decline in both potential species-richness and abundance of avian communities.</span> <span>We estimated that the abundance of wetland and forest species declined by >88%, whereas that of bare-ground species increased by >50%. Our results suggest that broad-scale land cover change for agriculture has led to drastic reductions in wetland and forest species and promoted changes in community composition in large parts of the Northern Hemisphere. This study provides potential baseline information that could inform future conservation policies.</span></p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.