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Figure 20. Caenocentron trilineatum. A in Phylogeny indicates polyphyly in Cnodocentron (Trichoptera: Xiphocentronidae): biogeography and revision of New World species (Caenocentron)
Figure 20. Caenocentron trilineatum. A, wing venation. Male genitalia: B, lateral; C, dorsal; D, ventral; E, detail paraproct lateral; F, phallus apex lateral and ventral, respectively.
Data for: Long duration advertisement calls of nesting male plainfin midshipman fish are honest indicators of size and condition
<p>The plainfin midshipman fish (Porichthys notatus) has long served as a model organism for neuroethology research on acoustic communication and related social behaviors. Type I or 'singing' males produce highly stereotyped, periodic advertisement calls that are the longest known uninterrupted vertebrate vocalizations. Despite the extensive literature on the acoustic behaviour of this species, it remains unclear whether reproductive males signal their quality via their highly energetic, multiharmonic advertisement calls. Here, we recorded the advertisement calls of 22 reproductive type I males at night in a controlled laboratory setting in which males were housed in aquaria maintained at a constant temperature (13.9±0.3°C). The duration of the advertisement calls from type I males was observed to increase from the first call of the night to the middle call after which call duration remained steady until the early morning hours and first light. A strong positive correlation was observed between loudness (sound pressure level and maximum sound pressure level) of the advertisement call and body size (mass and standard length; rs>0.8). In addition, an asymptotic relationship was observed between the harmonic frequencies (f0–f10) of the advertisement calls and male body condition, with harmonic frequencies initially increasing with body condition indices, but then plateauing when body condition measures were high. Taken together, our results suggest that type I male advertisement calls provide reliable honest information about male quality regarding size and body condition. Such condition-dependent information of calling males could potentially be used by receptive females to help facilitate mate choice decisions.</p>
FIGURE. Phylogenetic tree derived from Bayesian analysis, based on nrLSU data. Posterior probability (PP> 0.95) values from the Bayesian analysis are added at the nodes. The scale bar represents the number of nucleotide changes per site. (T) indicates the type specimen for this species. The new species are in bold. in Four new species of Entoloma (Entolomataceae, Agaricomycetes) subgenera Cyanula and Claudopus from Vietnam and their phylogenetic position
FIGURE. Phylogenetic tree derived from Bayesian analysis, based on nrLSU data. Posterior probability (PP> 0.95) values from the Bayesian analysis are added at the nodes. The scale bar represents the number of nucleotide changes per site. (T) indicates the type specimen for this species. The new species are in bold.
Molecular gut content analysis indicates the inter- and intra-guild predation patterns of spiders in conventionally managed vegetable fields
<p>Inter- and intra-guild interactions are important in the coexistence of predators and their prey, especially in highly disturbed vegetable cropping systems with sporadic food resources. Assessing the dietary range of a predator taxon characterized by diverse foraging behavior using conventional approaches, such as visual observation and conventional molecular approaches for prey detection, has serious logistical problems.<i> </i>In this study, we investigated the trophic interactions of a functionally diverge group of predators -spiders- to accomplish the ultimate goal that is the predation of spiders on major crop pests. We used high-throughput sequencing (HTS) and biotic interaction networks to precisely annotate the predation spectrum and highlight the predator–predator and predator-prey interactions in Brassica fields. The prey taxa in the gut of spiders were mainly enriched with insects (including dipterans, coleopterans, orthopterans, hemipterans and lepidopterans) and arachnids (such as Araneae) along with a wide range of other prey factions. Despite the generalist foraging behavior of spiders, the community structure analysis and interaction networks highlighted the overrepresentation of particular prey taxa in the gut of each spider family, as well as showed the intra-family predation between different spiders. Identifying the diverse trophic niche proportions underpins the importance of spiders as predators of pests in highly disturbed agroecosystems. More specifically, combining HTS with advanced ecological community analysis reveals the preferences and biological control potential of particular spider taxa, so provides a valuable evidence base for targeted conservation biological control efforts in complex trophic networks.</p>
Social-environmental index: Combining social and biophysical indicators reveals limits to growth
<p>The negative impact of the dominant socio-economic paradigm on the biosphere, on the climate,<span> and on societies themselves are acute. Yet, </span><span>the</span><span> </span><span>success</span><span> of countries</span><span> is measured by indicators known to be </span><span>limited </span><span>because they</span><span> target a socially attractive</span><span> </span><span>but environmentally</span> unsustainable<span> model of society. </span><span>A m</span><span>yriad of indicators have been proposed to address th</span><span>is</span><span> lack of relevant measurements </span><span>that assess the real</span><span> social achievements of countries. </span><span>At</span><span> the same time, the </span><span>impacts</span><span> of human societies on life and climate have </span><span>become increasingly well</span><span> monitored and</span><span> have</span><span> show</span><span>n</span><span> the ecological deadlock of </span><span>the </span><span>dominant</span><span> development model. Although social and environmental thresholds have been </span><span>highlighted</span><span>, combined indices</span><span> that</span><span> allow countries to </span><span>track</span><span> their trajectories toward </span><span>greater</span><span> social justice without </span><span>exceeding biophysical thresholds</span><span> are still lacking. </span><span>A</span><span> combined Socio-Environmental Index (SEI) is constructed</span><span> here</span><span> to fill this gap. </span><span>T</span><span>he relationship between </span><span>SEI </span><span>and </span><span>Gross Domestic Product (</span><span>GDP</span><span>)</span><span>, population density, and Sustainable Development Index</span><span> (SDI)</span><span> is then analyzed</span><span>. This allows </span><span>for</span><span> </span><span>a </span><span>re-</span><span>examination of</span><span> the Easterlin paradox from a social and environmental </span><span>perspective</span><span>. In addition, </span><span>considering</span><span> population density allows to test the influence of population on</span><span> the</span><span> country</span><span>'s</span><span> sustainability success. </span><span>It is</span><span> show</span><span>n</span><span> that combining social and environmental thresholds into a combined index is not only feasible but </span>provides<span> a useful complementary tool to</span><span> detailed and</span><span> specific social or environmental indicators. </span><span>SEI</span><span> highlights and quantifies</span><span> the</span><span> limits, already exceeded in many countries, </span><span>beyond</span><span> which economic </span><span>development</span><span> is clearly related to a decline in social achievements and </span><span>a crossing</span><span> of </span><span>biophysical thresholds</span><span>. </span><span>Unlike</span><span> GDP, p</span><span>opulation density </span><span>and</span><span> </span><span>population </span><span>growth </span><span>w</span><span>ere</span><span> not found </span><span>as </span><span>being related to</span><span> </span><span>the current unsustainable </span><span>development model</span><span>. </span><span>Therefore</span><span>, the results call for degrowth in the environmental impact of high-income countries which may result in social improvements and yield room of </span><span>maneuver</span><span> for </span><span>the </span><span>develop</span><span>ment of</span><span> social foundations in other countries. All of these transformations </span><span>require</span><span> new narratives, </span><span>goals,</span><span> and measurement tools which can be partly provided by </span><span>SEI.</span></p>
Metadata for Geospatial Mapping Tools, Indicators and Metrics for Fish Habitat in the Pacific Region
<p>Metadata on geospatial tools, indicators, metrics and scoring benchmarks useful for assessing the status of threats to freshwater fish habitat in British Columbia</p>
NOMAD element annotation bowtie2 indices
<p>Default list of bowtie2 annotations used in NOMAD manuscript</p>
Element annotations indices for NOMAD
<p>Default set of bowtie2 annotations, used in the element annotation step of the NOMAD pipeline</p>
Distribution. Near Halabiya at the Euphrates and Qal'at Sukkara (Syria); potentially in SW Iran. There are no recent records from Israel, Palestine or Lebanon indicating that the species is potentially extinct in this region. However, it cannot certainly be excluded that katinka is more common in the Levant and the Arabian Peninsula. in Soricidae
Distribution. Near Halabiya at the Euphrates and Qal'at Sukkara (Syria); potentially in SW Iran. There are no recent records from Israel, Palestine or Lebanon indicating that the species is potentially extinct in this region. However, it cannot certainly be excluded that katinka is more common in the Levant and the Arabian Peninsula.
Range expansion and contraction of Tillandsia landbeckii lomas in hyperarid Chilean Atacama Desert indicate ancient introgression and geneflow
<p><span>Here we hypothesise that interspecies geneflow as well as secondary contact of formerly isolated clusters of <em>T. landbeckii</em> may have contributed to maintain, restore or even enhance the species´ genetic diversity through space and time. We employed genotyping-by sequencing (GBS) to obtain genetic variation largely retrieved from the nuclear genome on population level, and used the same data to extract sequence information to define maternally inherited plastid types. Reference plastomes from different plastid types via a genome-wide short read sequencing approach (genome skimming) were assembled. Plastome data were analysed in order to provide a robust phylogenetic and temporal framework of the maternal perspective including various epiarenic species of particular interest for the evolutionary history of <em>T. landbeckii</em>. The spatiotemporal scale of our study covers the entire Chilean Atacama Desert with a focus on one population form the central cluster. The aim of our study is to provide reasonable explanations for orphan genetic clusters on different spatial scales, while highlighting the idea of evolutionary significant secondary genetic contact on and between species level, which may have also fostered the evolution of epiarenic growth in Tillandsia. This study should pave the way for future comparative evolutionary studies across epiarenic Tillandsia species to unravel the co-evolution of the Atacama Desert system and biological life.</span></p>
Data from: Finding common ground: Toward comparable indicators of adaptive capacity of tree species to a changing climate
<p>Adaptive capacity, one of the three determinants of vulnerability to climate change, is defined as the capacity of species to persist in their current location by coping with novel environmental conditions through acclimation and/or evolution. Although studies have identified indicators of adaptive capacity, few have assessed this capacity in a quantitative way that is comparable across tree species. Yet, such multi-species assessments are needed by forest management and conservation programs to refine vulnerability assessments and to <span>guide the choice of adaptation measures</span>. In this paper, we propose a framework to quantitatively evaluate five key components of tree adaptive capacity to climate change: individual adaptation through phenotypic plasticity, population phenotypic diversity as influenced by genetic diversity, genetic exchange within populations, genetic exchange between populations and genetic exchange between species. For each component, we define the main mechanisms that underlie adaptive capacity and present associated metrics that can be used as indices. To illustrate the use of this framework, we evaluate the relative adaptive capacity of 26 northeastern North American tree species using values reported in the literature. Our results show adaptive capacity to be highly variable among species and between components of adaptive capacity, such that no one species ranks consistently across all components. On average, the conifer <i>Picea glauca</i> and the broadleaf <i>Betula papyrifera </i>show the greatest adaptive capacity among the 26 species we documented, whereas the conifers <i>Picea rubens </i>and <i>Thuja occidentalis</i>,<i> </i>and the broadleaf <i>Ostrya virginiana</i> possess the lowest. We discuss limitations that arise when comparing adaptive capacity among species, including poor data availability and comparability issues in metrics derived from different methods or studies. The breadth of data required for such an assessment exemplifies the multidisciplinary nature of adaptive capacity and the necessity of continued cross-collaboration to better anticipate the impacts of a changing climate.</p>
Supplementary Information - Circulating insulin-like growth factor system adaptations in hibernating brown bears indicate increased tissue IGF availability
<p>Supplementary figures and tables for the manuscript entitled “Circulating insulin-like growth factor system adaptations in hibernating brown bears indicate increased tissue IGF availability”.</p>
Observation‐based global soil heterotrophic respiration indicates underestimated turnover and sequestration of soil carbon by terrestrial ecosystem models
<p><span>Soil heterotrophic respiration (R<sub>h</sub>) refers to the flux of CO2 released from soil to atmosphere as a result of organic matter decomposition by soil microbes and fauna. As one of the major fluxes in the global carbon cycle, the estimation of global R<sub>h</sub> still exists large uncertainties, which further limited our current understanding of the carbon accumulation in soils. Here, we applied a Random Forest algorithm to create a global dataset of soil R<sub>h</sub>, by linking 761 field observations with both abiotic and biotic predictors. We estimated that the global R<sub>h</sub> was 48.8 ± 0.9 Pg C yr<sup>-1</sup> for 1982–2018, which was 16% less than the ensemble mean (58.6 ± 9.9 Pg C yr<sup>-1</sup>) of 16 terrestrial ecosystem models. By integrating our observational R<sub>h</sub> with independent soil carbon stock datasets, we obtained a global mean soil carbon turnover time of 38.3 ± 11 yr. Using observation-based turnover times as a constraint, we found that terrestrial ecosystem models simulated faster carbon turnovers, leading to a 30% (74 Pg C) underestimation of terrestrial ecosystem carbon accumulation for the past century, which was especially pronounced at high latitudes. This underestimation is equivalent to 45% of the total carbon emissions (164 Pg C) caused by global land use change at the same time. Our analyses highlight the need to constrain ecosystem models using observation-based and locally adapted R<sub>h</sub> values to obtain reliable predictions of the carbon sink capacity of terrestrial ecosystems. </span></p>
Financial Inclusion Indicators from IMF and World Bank Datasets
<p>This dataset is a combination of IMF and World Bank financial and financial inclusion data from the years 2019 and 2017 respectively. The data is compiled for countries pursuing central bank digital currencies and is used to compare financial inclusion measures across states.</p>
Identification and Validation of a Gene-based Signature Reveals SLC25A10 as a Novel Prognostic Indicator for Patients with Ovarian Cancer
<p>The data and code used in the manuscript entitled "Identification and Validation of a Gene-based Signature Reveals SLC25A10 as a Novel Prognostic Indicator for Patients with Ovarian Cancer".</p>
FIGURE. Multilocus phylogenetic tree inferred from Bayesian analysis based on the combined TEF1-α and ACT sequences. Bayesian posterior probabilities are indicated next to the nodes. The tree was rooted with Cladosporium herbarum CBS 121621. The species in this study are indicated in bold. Types of species are indicated after the culture collection number (T = ex-type, ex-epitype, ex-neotype, or reference strain). in Six new species of Cladosporium associated with decayed leaves of native bamboo (Bambusoideae) in a fragment of Brazilian Atlantic Forest
FIGURE. Multilocus phylogenetic tree inferred from Bayesian analysis based on the combined TEF1-α and ACT sequences. Bayesian posterior probabilities are indicated next to the nodes. The tree was rooted with Cladosporium herbarum CBS 121621. The species in this study are indicated in bold. Types of species are indicated after the culture collection number (T = ex-type, ex-epitype, ex-neotype, or reference strain).
FIGURE. (Continued) Multilocus phylogenetic tree inferred from Bayesian analysis based on the combined TEF1-α and ACT sequences. Bayesian posterior probabilities are indicated next to the nodes. The tree was rooted with Cladosporium herbarum CBS 121621. The species in this study are indicated in bold. Types of species are indicated after the culture collection number (T = ex-type, ex-epitype, exneotype, or reference strain). in Six new species of Cladosporium associated with decayed leaves of native bamboo (Bambusoideae) in a fragment of Brazilian Atlantic Forest
FIGURE. (Continued) Multilocus phylogenetic tree inferred from Bayesian analysis based on the combined TEF1-α and ACT sequences. Bayesian posterior probabilities are indicated next to the nodes. The tree was rooted with Cladosporium herbarum CBS 121621. The species in this study are indicated in bold. Types of species are indicated after the culture collection number (T = ex-type, ex-epitype, exneotype, or reference strain).
FIGURE. Known distribution of Petalidium mannheimerae (black dots; ●) based on specimens in Herbs PRE, PRU, and WIND. Also depicted are the distribution ranges of P. parvifolium (A. blue), P. linifolium (B. green), and P. lucens (C. orange). A black star (★) marks the locality (2220AA) of the lectotype of P. parvifolium (Fleck 548 in Herb. Z+ZT, barcode Z-000000924). A black triangle (▲) indicates the locality (2518DA) of the lectotype of P. parvifolium var. angustifolium (Fleck 520 in Herb. Z+ZR, barcode Z-000033079), considered a synonym of P. linifolium. A black square (■) depicts the locality (2219CB) of the lectotype of P. wilmaniae (Wilman Herb. KMG 1647 in Herb. BOL, barcode BOL138557, #BOL 15287), here considered a synonym of P. parvifolium. in Petalidium mannheimerae (Acanthaceae), a new species from Namibia and South Africa, with notes on the taxonomic identity of P. parvifolium
FIGURE. Known distribution of Petalidium mannheimerae (black dots; ●) based on specimens in Herbs PRE, PRU, and WIND. Also depicted are the distribution ranges of P. parvifolium (A. blue), P. linifolium (B. green), and P. lucens (C. orange). A black star (★) marks the locality (2220AA) of the lectotype of P. parvifolium (Fleck 548 in Herb. Z+ZT, barcode Z-000000924). A black triangle (▲) indicates the locality (2518DA) of the lectotype of P. parvifolium var. angustifolium (Fleck 520 in Herb. Z+ZR, barcode Z-000033079), considered a synonym of P. linifolium. A black square (■) depicts the locality (2219CB) of the lectotype of P. wilmaniae (Wilman Herb. KMG 1647 in Herb. BOL, barcode BOL138557, #BOL 15287), here considered a synonym of P. parvifolium.
The data of precipitation, stream discharge, groundwater level, and DOC and DIC concentrations and DOM optical indices of water in the Hulugou catchemnt, upper reaches of Heihe River
<p>Here we provide the original data of the precipitation, stream discharge, air temperature, dissolved organic carbon concentrations and dissolved inorganic carbon concentrations and DOM optical indices of water at different locations in the Hulugou catchment, upper reaches of Heihe River, Northeastern Tibet Plateau, China.</p>
FIGURE. The receptacle and paleae in the genus Callilepis. A. Digital image of the conical receptacle in the solitary capitulum of C. lancifolia (Galpin 12433, PRE). B. Digital image of the conical receptacle in the capitulum from the corymbose synflorescence in C. normae (Theron 3568, PRE). C. Digital image of the palea clasping the disc ovary of C. leptophylla (Hobson 1970, PRE). D. Digital image of the palea enveloping the disc ovary of C normae (Koekemoer 4573, PRE). Arrows in C and D indicate the centre of the capitulum. in A taxonomic revision of the genus Callilepis (Asteraceae) in South Africa
FIGURE. The receptacle and paleae in the genus Callilepis. A. Digital image of the conical receptacle in the solitary capitulum of C. lancifolia (Galpin 12433, PRE). B. Digital image of the conical receptacle in the capitulum from the corymbose synflorescence in C. normae (Theron 3568, PRE). C. Digital image of the palea clasping the disc ovary of C. leptophylla (Hobson 1970, PRE). D. Digital image of the palea enveloping the disc ovary of C normae (Koekemoer 4573, PRE). Arrows in C and D indicate the centre of the capitulum.
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.