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Text-fig. 44. Scanning electron microscope (SEM, a, b) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, c, d) images of "Hexacarpellate flower". a) Lateral view of flower showing epigynous organization with remains of tepals inserted at top of the hypanthium; b) Detail of apical part of flower showing laminar structures (arrows) that may be stamen bases, adhering to, or fused with, the tepals; c) Longitudinal section (orthoslice yz0540) of flower through the median plane showing the epigynous organization and central axis with ovules (arrows); d) Transverse section (orthoslice xy1250) through the ovary of the flower showing the hexagonal outline, the six locules and ovules (arrows) borne near the center of the gynoecium. Specimen, Catefica 153-S174313 (a–d). Scale bars = 300 Μm (a, c), 100 Μm (b, d). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms
Text-fig. 44. Scanning electron microscope (SEM, a, b) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, c, d) images of "Hexacarpellate flower". a) Lateral view of flower showing epigynous organization with remains of tepals inserted at top of the hypanthium; b) Detail of apical part of flower showing laminar structures (arrows) that may be stamen bases, adhering to, or fused with, the tepals; c) Longitudinal section (orthoslice yz0540) of flower through the median plane showing the epigynous organization and central axis with ovules (arrows); d) Transverse section (orthoslice xy1250) through the ovary of the flower showing the hexagonal outline, the six locules and ovules (arrows) borne near the center of the gynoecium. Specimen, Catefica 153-S174313 (a–d). Scale bars = 300 Μm (a, c), 100 Μm (b, d).
Text-fig. 17. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of fruits of Serialis communis (a) and Serialis crassitesta (b); Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Oblique lateral view of fruit showing three laterally coherent seeds from which the fruit wall has been almost completely lost showing the prominent micropylar region; b) Oblique lateral view of fruit containing three or four laterally coherent seeds with their micropylar regions oriented to the left. Specimens, Catefica MM92-P0167 (a), Catefica MM92-P0169 (b). Scale bars = 300 Μm (a, b). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms
Text-fig. 17. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of fruits of Serialis communis (a) and Serialis crassitesta (b); Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Oblique lateral view of fruit showing three laterally coherent seeds from which the fruit wall has been almost completely lost showing the prominent micropylar region; b) Oblique lateral view of fruit containing three or four laterally coherent seeds with their micropylar regions oriented to the left. Specimens, Catefica MM92-P0167 (a), Catefica MM92-P0169 (b). Scale bars = 300 Μm (a, b).
Text-fig. 18. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of fragmentary flower of Catanthus dolichostemon (a, b) and flower of Saportanthus parvus (c, d); Catefica locality, Portugal. a, b) Fragment of flower bud showing bulky tepals (te) and fleshy stamens (st) in ventral (a) and lateral (b) views; note the long stamen base and small anther with extrorse anther dehiscence (arrows); c, d) Flower in lateral (c) and oblique apical (d) views showing inferior ovary and eight bulky tepals almost completely enclosing the stamens and styles. Specimens, Catefica MM92-P0159 (a, b), Catefica MM285-P0331 (c, d). Scale bars = 300 Μm (a–d). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms
Text-fig. 18. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of fragmentary flower of Catanthus dolichostemon (a, b) and flower of Saportanthus parvus (c, d); Catefica locality, Portugal. a, b) Fragment of flower bud showing bulky tepals (te) and fleshy stamens (st) in ventral (a) and lateral (b) views; note the long stamen base and small anther with extrorse anther dehiscence (arrows); c, d) Flower in lateral (c) and oblique apical (d) views showing inferior ovary and eight bulky tepals almost completely enclosing the stamens and styles. Specimens, Catefica MM92-P0159 (a, b), Catefica MM285-P0331 (c, d). Scale bars = 300 Μm (a–d).
Text-fig. 27. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen of Valvidistemon globiferus gen. et sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Stamen in oblique lateral view showing laterally hinged valves, massive connective between the thecae and prominent, globular, apical extension of the connective; b) Stamen in oblique lateral view on the opposite side from (a) showing broken laterally hinged valves and distinct endothecium cells; c) Detail of stamen showing the large, longitudinally aligned cells of the massive connective, broad, poorly defined stamen base, and the laterally hinged valves of one of the thecae; d) Reticulate pollen attached to the inside of the anther wall. Specimen, Catefica 49-S107779 (holotype, a–d). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, b), 100 Μm (c), 20 Μm (d). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms
Text-fig. 27. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen of Valvidistemon globiferus gen. et sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Stamen in oblique lateral view showing laterally hinged valves, massive connective between the thecae and prominent, globular, apical extension of the connective; b) Stamen in oblique lateral view on the opposite side from (a) showing broken laterally hinged valves and distinct endothecium cells; c) Detail of stamen showing the large, longitudinally aligned cells of the massive connective, broad, poorly defined stamen base, and the laterally hinged valves of one of the thecae; d) Reticulate pollen attached to the inside of the anther wall. Specimen, Catefica 49-S107779 (holotype, a–d). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, b), 100 Μm (c), 20 Μm (d).
Text-fig. 7. Scanning electron microscope (SEM, a–c, e, f) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, d) images of fruits and pollen grains of Hedyflora crystallifera; Catefica locality, Portugal. a, b) Lateral view of fruits showing the remains of apical tepals and remains of the hypanthium, which is thicker on the edges of the fruit in (b) (arrows); c) Detail of hypanthium surface between the thickenings on the edges of the fruit showing polygonal cells with a central papilla; d) Transverse section (orthoslice xy0600) of fruit and seed showing the finely crystalliferous endotesta (arrowhead) and sclerified outer tegmen (asterisk); e) Distal view of pollen grain from surface of fruit showing the poorly defined tetrachotomocolpate aperture (daggers indicating the four arms of the aperture) and semi-tectate, reticulate tectum; f) Detail of pollen wall showing narrow muri with indistinctly beaded surface ornamentation of minute verrucae in poorly defined rows and supported by long columellae. Specimens, Catefica 49-S172313 (a), Catefica 49-S153159 (b), Catefica 49-S172324 (c), Catefica 49-S172325 (d), Catefica 50-S170453 (e, f). Scale bars = 300 Μm (a, b), 100 Μm (d), 50 Μm (c), 6 Μm (e), 1.5 Μm (f). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms
Text-fig. 7. Scanning electron microscope (SEM, a–c, e, f) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, d) images of fruits and pollen grains of Hedyflora crystallifera; Catefica locality, Portugal. a, b) Lateral view of fruits showing the remains of apical tepals and remains of the hypanthium, which is thicker on the edges of the fruit in (b) (arrows); c) Detail of hypanthium surface between the thickenings on the edges of the fruit showing polygonal cells with a central papilla; d) Transverse section (orthoslice xy0600) of fruit and seed showing the finely crystalliferous endotesta (arrowhead) and sclerified outer tegmen (asterisk); e) Distal view of pollen grain from surface of fruit showing the poorly defined tetrachotomocolpate aperture (daggers indicating the four arms of the aperture) and semi-tectate, reticulate tectum; f) Detail of pollen wall showing narrow muri with indistinctly beaded surface ornamentation of minute verrucae in poorly defined rows and supported by long columellae. Specimens, Catefica 49-S172313 (a), Catefica 49-S153159 (b), Catefica 49-S172324 (c), Catefica 49-S172325 (d), Catefica 50-S170453 (e, f). Scale bars = 300 Μm (a, b), 100 Μm (d), 50 Μm (c), 6 Μm (e), 1.5 Μm (f).
Text-fig. 21. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of Ibericarpus cuneiformis gen. et sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Fruiting structure in lateral view showing numerous small, helically arranged wedge-shaped fruitlets each with a slightly differentiated apical stigmatic region (st); no bracts or scars from bracts, perianth or stamens were observed associated with the entire structure or with individual carpels; b) Apical portions of fruitlets showing differentiation of the stigmatic region (st); c) Detail of apical portion of fruitlet showing slightly raised stigmatic region (st) and possible ventral suture. Specimen, Catefica 49-S115851 (holotype, a–c). Scale bars = 300 Μm (a, b), 100 Μm (c). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms
Text-fig. 21. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of Ibericarpus cuneiformis gen. et sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Fruiting structure in lateral view showing numerous small, helically arranged wedge-shaped fruitlets each with a slightly differentiated apical stigmatic region (st); no bracts or scars from bracts, perianth or stamens were observed associated with the entire structure or with individual carpels; b) Apical portions of fruitlets showing differentiation of the stigmatic region (st); c) Detail of apical portion of fruitlet showing slightly raised stigmatic region (st) and possible ventral suture. Specimen, Catefica 49-S115851 (holotype, a–c). Scale bars = 300 Μm (a, b), 100 Μm (c).
Text-fig. 33. Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, a, c) and scanning electron microscope (SEM, b, d) images of Paisia pantoporata (a–c) and?Paisia sp. (d); Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Lateral view (volume rendering) of flower showing the carpels (c) and the fleshy tepals (t) that have a slightly bulge near the base; b) Pollen grains in situ from stamen showing scattered pores and spiny supratectal ornamentation; c) Transverse section (orthoslice xz1024) through flower showing the pentamerous organization with five tepals (green) five stamens (yellow) and five carpels (red) all on the same radii; d) Lateral view of floral structure with three free carpels borne on the swollen receptacle that has poorly defined facets at the apex indicating the former presence of perianth parts. Specimens, Catefica 49-S101214 (a, c), Catefica 50-S170188 (b), Catefica MM125-P0292 (d). Scale bars = 300 Μm (a, c, d), 6 Μm (b). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms
Text-fig. 33. Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, a, c) and scanning electron microscope (SEM, b, d) images of Paisia pantoporata (a–c) and?Paisia sp. (d); Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Lateral view (volume rendering) of flower showing the carpels (c) and the fleshy tepals (t) that have a slightly bulge near the base; b) Pollen grains in situ from stamen showing scattered pores and spiny supratectal ornamentation; c) Transverse section (orthoslice xz1024) through flower showing the pentamerous organization with five tepals (green) five stamens (yellow) and five carpels (red) all on the same radii; d) Lateral view of floral structure with three free carpels borne on the swollen receptacle that has poorly defined facets at the apex indicating the former presence of perianth parts. Specimens, Catefica 49-S101214 (a, c), Catefica 50-S170188 (b), Catefica MM125-P0292 (d). Scale bars = 300 Μm (a, c, d), 6 Μm (b).
Text-fig. 2. Scanning electron microscope (SEM, a, c–f) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, b, g) images of the flower of Mugideiriflora portugallica (a, b) and fruits, seeds and pollen of Canrightia resinifera (c–g); Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Oblique, apical view of flower showing multiparted organization with numerous laminar tepals, stamens that are rhomboidal and flattened in transverse section and carpels that are borne on the short conical apex of the receptacle; b) Transverse section (orthoslice xy0800) through basal part of flower showing the elongate bases of the laminar tepals and the flattened rhomboidal bases of the stamens; c) Fruit in lateral view showing irregular surface resulting from the abundant resin bodies in the fruit and hypanthium wall, scars from stamens on the rim of the hypanthium (arrowheads) and the lobed apical stigmatic region (st); d) Broken fruit with one or two seeds missing but showing three pendant, orthotropous seeds with pointed micropylar regions (mi) and a finely pitted crystalliferous endotesta; note the remains of the apical vascular bundles (vb); e) Single seed isolated from a fruit showing two distinct bundles (vb) still attached apically to the chalazal region of the seed, the pointed micropyle (mi) and the finely pitted surface of the crystalliferous endotesta; f) Monocolpate pollen from stigmatic region of fruit showing the long colpus and coarse reticulum; g) Transverse section (orthoslice xy0705) through a fruit showing four seeds all with radially elongated endothelium cells formed from the inner epidermis of the tegmen (asterisks). Specimens, Catefica 150-S174254 (a, b), Catefica 49-S170377 (c), Catefica 49-S170372 (d), Catefica 50-S170401 (e), Catefica 50-S170404 (f), Catefica 50-S174906 (g). Scale bars = 300 Μm (a–e, g), 6 Μm (f). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms
Text-fig. 2. Scanning electron microscope (SEM, a, c–f) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, b, g) images of the flower of Mugideiriflora portugallica (a, b) and fruits, seeds and pollen of Canrightia resinifera (c–g); Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Oblique, apical view of flower showing multiparted organization with numerous laminar tepals, stamens that are rhomboidal and flattened in transverse section and carpels that are borne on the short conical apex of the receptacle; b) Transverse section (orthoslice xy0800) through basal part of flower showing the elongate bases of the laminar tepals and the flattened rhomboidal bases of the stamens; c) Fruit in lateral view showing irregular surface resulting from the abundant resin bodies in the fruit and hypanthium wall, scars from stamens on the rim of the hypanthium (arrowheads) and the lobed apical stigmatic region (st); d) Broken fruit with one or two seeds missing but showing three pendant, orthotropous seeds with pointed micropylar regions (mi) and a finely pitted crystalliferous endotesta; note the remains of the apical vascular bundles (vb); e) Single seed isolated from a fruit showing two distinct bundles (vb) still attached apically to the chalazal region of the seed, the pointed micropyle (mi) and the finely pitted surface of the crystalliferous endotesta; f) Monocolpate pollen from stigmatic region of fruit showing the long colpus and coarse reticulum; g) Transverse section (orthoslice xy0705) through a fruit showing four seeds all with radially elongated endothelium cells formed from the inner epidermis of the tegmen (asterisks). Specimens, Catefica 150-S174254 (a, b), Catefica 49-S170377 (c), Catefica 49-S170372 (d), Catefica 50-S170401 (e), Catefica 50-S170404 (f), Catefica 50-S174906 (g). Scale bars = 300 Μm (a–e, g), 6 Μm (f).
Text-fig. 20. Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, a) and scanning electron microscope (SEM, b–h) images of fruits of Appomattoxia sp. (a–d) and anther and pollen of Goczania rugosa (e–h); Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Surface rendering of fruit in lateral view showing densely spaced hairs, some with delicate coiled tips; b) Fruit in lateral view showing short, densely spaced hairs and apical stigmatic region; c, d) Detail of fruit surface and hairs from fruit in (b); e) Fragmentary anther showing four pollen sacs; f) Proximal view of pollen grains from an abraded anther showing microechinate surface of pollen wall and clusters of small, spiny orbicules; g, h) Proximal (g) and distal (h) views of pollen grains from an isolated pollen sac, showing short colpus (h), tectate pollen wall and microechinate surface ornamentation. Specimens, Catefica 49-S174913 (a), Catefica 49-S107794 (b–d), Catefica 50-S170391 (e), Catefica 49-S170138 (f), Catefica 49-S170143 (g, h). Scale bars = 300 Μm (a, b, e), 100 Μm (c), 50 Μm (d), 6 Μm (f–h). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms
Text-fig. 20. Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, a) and scanning electron microscope (SEM, b–h) images of fruits of Appomattoxia sp. (a–d) and anther and pollen of Goczania rugosa (e–h); Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Surface rendering of fruit in lateral view showing densely spaced hairs, some with delicate coiled tips; b) Fruit in lateral view showing short, densely spaced hairs and apical stigmatic region; c, d) Detail of fruit surface and hairs from fruit in (b); e) Fragmentary anther showing four pollen sacs; f) Proximal view of pollen grains from an abraded anther showing microechinate surface of pollen wall and clusters of small, spiny orbicules; g, h) Proximal (g) and distal (h) views of pollen grains from an isolated pollen sac, showing short colpus (h), tectate pollen wall and microechinate surface ornamentation. Specimens, Catefica 49-S174913 (a), Catefica 49-S107794 (b–d), Catefica 50-S170391 (e), Catefica 49-S170138 (f), Catefica 49-S170143 (g, h). Scale bars = 300 Μm (a, b, e), 100 Μm (c), 50 Μm (d), 6 Μm (f–h).
Text-fig. 19. Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, a–c) of Aristospermum huberi and scanning electron microscope (SEM, d, e) images of Choffaticarpus compactus; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Volume rendering of strongly flattened, triangular seed with pointed micropylar region; note thin-walled cells of outer integument preserved along the margins of the seed and pitted surface of the crystalliferous inner cells of outer integument where the outer cells are abraded and the narrow, lateral funicle/raphe; b) Volume rendering of seed showing surface of inner integument (endotesta) with cells showing clear imprints of crystals (arrows); c) Longitudinal section (orthoslice yz0241) of seed showing crystalliferous cells of endotesta (white arrows) and the two fiber layers of the tegmen that are perpendicular to each other (inner integument, ii-f, black arrows); d) Fragment of multiparted, apocarpous fruiting structure showing several helically-arranged, laterally flattened, fruitlets; e) Fruitlet in lateral view showing the prominent ventral face with its lateral groove, short attachment scar, and sunken regions of the fruit wall that indicate the probable presence of oil cells. Specimens, Catefica 49-S266049 (a–c), Catefica 49-S172558 (d), Catefica 49-S118675 (e). Scale bars = 300 Μm (a, c–e), 100 Μm (b). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms
Text-fig. 19. Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, a–c) of Aristospermum huberi and scanning electron microscope (SEM, d, e) images of Choffaticarpus compactus; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Volume rendering of strongly flattened, triangular seed with pointed micropylar region; note thin-walled cells of outer integument preserved along the margins of the seed and pitted surface of the crystalliferous inner cells of outer integument where the outer cells are abraded and the narrow, lateral funicle/raphe; b) Volume rendering of seed showing surface of inner integument (endotesta) with cells showing clear imprints of crystals (arrows); c) Longitudinal section (orthoslice yz0241) of seed showing crystalliferous cells of endotesta (white arrows) and the two fiber layers of the tegmen that are perpendicular to each other (inner integument, ii-f, black arrows); d) Fragment of multiparted, apocarpous fruiting structure showing several helically-arranged, laterally flattened, fruitlets; e) Fruitlet in lateral view showing the prominent ventral face with its lateral groove, short attachment scar, and sunken regions of the fruit wall that indicate the probable presence of oil cells. Specimens, Catefica 49-S266049 (a–c), Catefica 49-S172558 (d), Catefica 49-S118675 (e). Scale bars = 300 Μm (a, c–e), 100 Μm (b).
Text-fig. 24. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of "Stamen with zona-aperturate pollen"; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Dorsal view of elongated anther showing the broad connective and very narrow pollen sacs; b) Lateral view of elongated anther showing the broad dorsal and ventral surfaces of the connectives and very narrow pollen sacs; c) Apex of elongated anther showing dorsal and ventral surfaces and very narrow pollen sacs; d) Lateral view of narrow pollen sac showing in situ pollen; e) Detail of pollen grain showing the solid band of exine above the aperture (asterisk); f) Detail of pollen grain showing the solid band of exine above the aperture (asterisk); g) Detail of tectum showing heterobrochate reticulum with lumina of two different sizes supported by long columellae (arrows); h) Detail of pollen grain showing the aperture extending over the ends of the grain (asterisks); i) Detail of tectum showing heterobrochate reticulum with lumina of two different sizes supported by long columellae (arrows). Specimen, Catefica 49-S171527 (a–i). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, b), 100 Μm (c), 20 Μm (d), 6 Μm (e, f, h), 3 Μm (g), 1.5 Μm (i). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms
Text-fig. 24. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of "Stamen with zona-aperturate pollen"; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Dorsal view of elongated anther showing the broad connective and very narrow pollen sacs; b) Lateral view of elongated anther showing the broad dorsal and ventral surfaces of the connectives and very narrow pollen sacs; c) Apex of elongated anther showing dorsal and ventral surfaces and very narrow pollen sacs; d) Lateral view of narrow pollen sac showing in situ pollen; e) Detail of pollen grain showing the solid band of exine above the aperture (asterisk); f) Detail of pollen grain showing the solid band of exine above the aperture (asterisk); g) Detail of tectum showing heterobrochate reticulum with lumina of two different sizes supported by long columellae (arrows); h) Detail of pollen grain showing the aperture extending over the ends of the grain (asterisks); i) Detail of tectum showing heterobrochate reticulum with lumina of two different sizes supported by long columellae (arrows). Specimen, Catefica 49-S171527 (a–i). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, b), 100 Μm (c), 20 Μm (d), 6 Μm (e, f, h), 3 Μm (g), 1.5 Μm (i).
Text-fig. 28. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen of Endressistemon cateficensis gen. et sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a, b) Staminal structure with two lateral stamens and one median structure seen in ventral and dorsal view (orientation unknown) showing that each stamen has a prominent apical extension and two pairs of pollen sacs separated by a narrow connective; both stamens are borne on a common base together with the median structure and their anthers are sessile on the common stalk; note the apical projection of the median structure (asterisk) between the two stamens and the ribs over probable vascular bundles that extend from the common base into the apical projections of both stamens and the median structure (arrows); c) Staminal structure showing two stamens with prominent apical projections and median axis-like structure between the two stamens (arrow); d) Staminal structure showing two stamens with prominent apical projections borne on a common base; e) Staminal structure in (a) and (b), from the same orientation as (b), showing the ribs over probable vascular bundles (yellow) that extend into the apical projections; f) Detail of staminal structure in (a) and (b) showing the fused or strongly adhering apical projections of the two lateral stamens and the median structure (asterisk); g) Monocolpate, reticulate pollen grains from the pollen sacs of stamen in (d). Specimens, Catefica 49-S107778 (holotype, a, b, e, f), Catefica 49-S107769 (c), Catefica 49-S107751 (d, g). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a–d), 300 Μm (e), 100 Μm (f), 6 Μm (g). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms
Text-fig. 28. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen of Endressistemon cateficensis gen. et sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a, b) Staminal structure with two lateral stamens and one median structure seen in ventral and dorsal view (orientation unknown) showing that each stamen has a prominent apical extension and two pairs of pollen sacs separated by a narrow connective; both stamens are borne on a common base together with the median structure and their anthers are sessile on the common stalk; note the apical projection of the median structure (asterisk) between the two stamens and the ribs over probable vascular bundles that extend from the common base into the apical projections of both stamens and the median structure (arrows); c) Staminal structure showing two stamens with prominent apical projections and median axis-like structure between the two stamens (arrow); d) Staminal structure showing two stamens with prominent apical projections borne on a common base; e) Staminal structure in (a) and (b), from the same orientation as (b), showing the ribs over probable vascular bundles (yellow) that extend into the apical projections; f) Detail of staminal structure in (a) and (b) showing the fused or strongly adhering apical projections of the two lateral stamens and the median structure (asterisk); g) Monocolpate, reticulate pollen grains from the pollen sacs of stamen in (d). Specimens, Catefica 49-S107778 (holotype, a, b, e, f), Catefica 49-S107769 (c), Catefica 49-S107751 (d, g). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a–d), 300 Μm (e), 100 Μm (f), 6 Μm (g).
Text-fig. 12. Ammonoids from the Mospyne Formation. a–e: Bisatoceras sp., dorsal view (a), lateral view (b, d), ventral view (c), surface ornamentation on the flank of specimen IGSU-7/500a (e); a–c – specimen IGSU-7/500, d, e – specimen IGSU-7/500a. f:?Owenoceras sp., lateral view; specimen IGSU-4/1367. Scale bars 2 mm (e) and 5 mm (a–d, f). in Late Bashkirian Ammonoids From The Mospyne Formation Of The Donets Basin, Ukraine
Text-fig. 12. Ammonoids from the Mospyne Formation. a–e: Bisatoceras sp., dorsal view (a), lateral view (b, d), ventral view (c), surface ornamentation on the flank of specimen IGSU-7/500a (e); a–c – specimen IGSU-7/500, d, e – specimen IGSU-7/500a. f:?Owenoceras sp., lateral view; specimen IGSU-4/1367. Scale bars 2 mm (e) and 5 mm (a–d, f).
Text-fig. 10. Gastrioceras sp., lateral view (a), ventral view (b– d); a, b – specimen IGSU-4/6390, c – specimen IGSU-4/6390a, d – specimen IGSU-4/6390b. Scale bar 10 mm. in Late Bashkirian Ammonoids From The Mospyne Formation Of The Donets Basin, Ukraine
Text-fig. 10. Gastrioceras sp., lateral view (a), ventral view (b– d); a, b – specimen IGSU-4/6390, c – specimen IGSU-4/6390a, d – specimen IGSU-4/6390b. Scale bar 10 mm.
Text-fig. 9. Ammonoids from the Mospyne Formation. a–d: Gastrioceras angustum PATTEISKY, 1964, lateral view (a, c), ventral view (b, d); a, b – specimen IGSU-7/8100, c, d – specimen IGSU-7/669b. e–i: Gastrioceras lupinum POPOV, 1979, lateral view; e – specimen IGSU-4/687, f – specimen IGSU-4/687a, g – specimen IGSU-4/687b, h – specimen IGSU-4/644, i – specimen IGSU-4/1516. j, k: Gastrioceras kutejnikovense POPOV, 1979, lateral view; j – specimen IGSU-7/3254, k – specimen IGSU-7/3254a. Scale bar 5 mm. in Late Bashkirian Ammonoids From The Mospyne Formation Of The Donets Basin, Ukraine
Text-fig. 9. Ammonoids from the Mospyne Formation. a–d: Gastrioceras angustum PATTEISKY, 1964, lateral view (a, c), ventral view (b, d); a, b – specimen IGSU-7/8100, c, d – specimen IGSU-7/669b. e–i: Gastrioceras lupinum POPOV, 1979, lateral view; e – specimen IGSU-4/687, f – specimen IGSU-4/687a, g – specimen IGSU-4/687b, h – specimen IGSU-4/644, i – specimen IGSU-4/1516. j, k: Gastrioceras kutejnikovense POPOV, 1979, lateral view; j – specimen IGSU-7/3254, k – specimen IGSU-7/3254a. Scale bar 5 mm.
Text-fig. 8. Ammonoids Melvilloceras rotaii (LIBROVITCH in POPOV, 1979) from the Mospyne Formation. a, b: A slightly laterally compressed specimen IGSU-7/8040, lateral view (a), ventral view (b). c, d: A slightly laterally compressed specimen IGSU-7/472, lateral view (c), ventral view (d). e, f: Specimen IGSU-7/540, lateral view (e), ventral view (f). g–i: Specimen IGSU-7/468, dorsal view (g), lateral view (h), ventral view (i). j: Specimen IGSU-7/6538, dorsal view. k, l: Specimen IGSU-7/620, lateral view (k), ventral view (l). m–q: Lateral views of the conchs showing the different relief of the umbilical nodes; m – specimen IGSU-4/4148, n – specimen IGSU-7/522, o – specimen IGSU-7/468a, p – specimen IGSU-7/472a, q – specimen IGSU-7/316. Scale bars 10 mm. in Late Bashkirian Ammonoids From The Mospyne Formation Of The Donets Basin, Ukraine
Text-fig. 8. Ammonoids Melvilloceras rotaii (LIBROVITCH in POPOV, 1979) from the Mospyne Formation. a, b: A slightly laterally compressed specimen IGSU-7/8040, lateral view (a), ventral view (b). c, d: A slightly laterally compressed specimen IGSU-7/472, lateral view (c), ventral view (d). e, f: Specimen IGSU-7/540, lateral view (e), ventral view (f). g–i: Specimen IGSU-7/468, dorsal view (g), lateral view (h), ventral view (i). j: Specimen IGSU-7/6538, dorsal view. k, l: Specimen IGSU-7/620, lateral view (k), ventral view (l). m–q: Lateral views of the conchs showing the different relief of the umbilical nodes; m – specimen IGSU-4/4148, n – specimen IGSU-7/522, o – specimen IGSU-7/468a, p – specimen IGSU-7/472a, q – specimen IGSU-7/316. Scale bars 10 mm.
Text-fig. 7. Ammonoids from the Mospyne Formation. a: Anthracoceratites sp., lateral view; specimen IGSU-4/3634. b, c: Cymoceras sp., lateral view (b), fragment of the suture line in a 42 mm diameter conch (c); specimen IGSU-4/573. d, e: Neodimorphoceratidae indet., lateral view (d), surface ornamentation on the flank (e); specimen IGSU-4/5350. Scale bars 10 mm. in Late Bashkirian Ammonoids From The Mospyne Formation Of The Donets Basin, Ukraine
Text-fig. 7. Ammonoids from the Mospyne Formation. a: Anthracoceratites sp., lateral view; specimen IGSU-4/3634. b, c: Cymoceras sp., lateral view (b), fragment of the suture line in a 42 mm diameter conch (c); specimen IGSU-4/573. d, e: Neodimorphoceratidae indet., lateral view (d), surface ornamentation on the flank (e); specimen IGSU-4/5350. Scale bars 10 mm.
Text-fig. 2. Taimyria triassica NAUGOLNYKH et MOGUTCHEVA gen. et sp. nov., a – holotype 4287/6. Lateral female cones marked by orange arrows; main axis bearing lateral cones marked "Ax". Scale bar 1 cm. in Taimyria Gen. Nov., A New Genus Of Evolutionary Advanced Gymnosperms From Triassic Of The Taimyr Peninsula, Siberia, Russia
Text-fig. 2. Taimyria triassica NAUGOLNYKH et MOGUTCHEVA gen. et sp. nov., a – holotype 4287/6. Lateral female cones marked by orange arrows; main axis bearing lateral cones marked "Ax". Scale bar 1 cm.
Text-fig. 11.?Agastrioceras sp., dorsal view (a), lateral view (b), ventral view (c); specimen IGSU-7/389. Scale bar 10 mm. in Late Bashkirian Ammonoids From The Mospyne Formation Of The Donets Basin, Ukraine
Text-fig. 11.?Agastrioceras sp., dorsal view (a), lateral view (b), ventral view (c); specimen IGSU-7/389. Scale bar 10 mm.
Text-fig. 1. Iosif Vasilievich Kiselev in the later years of life. The figure from the archive of the Institute of Geography, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. in New Material Of The Puffer Fish Archaeotetraodon Winterbottomi Tyler Et Bannikov, 1994 (Tetraodontidae) From The Oligocene Of The Eastern Paratethys
Text-fig. 1. Iosif Vasilievich Kiselev in the later years of life. The figure from the archive of the Institute of Geography, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine.
ScienceDex guides
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.