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2,078 results for “soil data”
Data from: Species-specific plant-soil feedback effects on above-ground plant-insect interactions
1. Plant–soil feedback (PSF) effects on plant performance strongly depend on the plant species that conditioned the soil. Recent studies have shown that PSF can change above-ground plant–insect interactions via soil-mediated changes in plant quality, but whether these effects depend on species-specific soil conditioning is unknown. We examined how PSF effects of several plant species influence above-ground plant–aphid interactions. 2. We grew ragwort (Jacobaea vulgaris) in field soil conditioned specifically by 10 plant species, belonging to three functional groups (grasses, forbs and legumes), in a multispecies mixture of the conditioned soils and in control (unconditioned) field soil. We measured plant biomass, concentrations of primary (amino acids) and secondary (pyrrolizidine alkaloids) metabolites in phloem exudates, and performance of the generalist aphid Brachycaudus cardui and the specialist Aphis jacobaeae. 3. We observed that plant species, via species-specific effects on soil fungal communities, exerted unique plant–soil effects on J. vulgaris biomass, amino acid concentrations in phloem exudates and aphid performance. The direction and magnitude of the species-specific PSF effects on aphid performance differed between both aphid species. PSF effects on soil fungal communities, plant biomass and A. jacobaeae performance also differed between grasses, forbs and legumes, with soil conditioning by forbs resulting in lowest plant biomass and aphid performance. 4. Synthesis. Our study provides novel evidence that PSF effects on above-ground plant–insect interactions are highly species specific. Our results add a new dimension to the rapidly developing research fields of PSF and above-below-ground interactions, and highlights that these fields are tightly linked.
Supplemental Data for "Soil organic carbon change can reduce the climate benefits of biofuel produced from forest residues"
<p>The files contain the code and supplementary data for the article.</p>
Supplementary Data for Manuscript "Examining the mid to long-term variability in saturated hydraulic conductivity of sandy soils and its influencing factors under constant head test in the laboratory"
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data for "A novel three-phase interface premelting theory for determining unfrozen water content in unsaturated soil"
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Supplementary digital data for Exposure of Insects to Current Use Pesticide Residues in Soil and Vegetation along Spatial and Temporal Distribution in Agricultural Sites
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Data from: Disturbance alters the forest soil microbiome
<p>Billions of microorganisms perform critical below-ground functions in all terrestrial ecosystems. While largely invisible to the naked eye, they support all higher lifeforms, form symbiotic relationships with ~90% of terrestrial plant species, stabilize soils, and facilitate biogeochemical cycles. Global increases in the frequency of disturbances are driving major changes in the structure and function of forests. However, despite their functional significance, the disturbance responses of forest microbial communities are poorly understood. Here we explore the influence of disturbance on the soil microbiome (archaea, fungi and bacteria) of some of the world's tallest and most carbon-dense forests, the Mountain Ash forests of southeastern Australia. From 80 sites, we identified 23,277 and 19,056 microbial operational taxonomic units from the 0-10 cm and 20-30 cm depths of soil respectively. From this extensive dataset, we found the diversity and composition of these often-cryptic communities has been altered by human and natural disturbance events. For instance, the diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi declined with clearcut logging, the diversity of archaea declined with salvage logging, and bacterial diversity and overall microbial diversity declined with the number of fires. Moreover, we identified key associations between edaphic (soil properties), environmental (slope, elevation) and spatial variables and the composition of all microbial communities. Specifically, we found that soil pH, manganese, magnesium, phosphorus, iron and nitrate were associated with the composition of all microbial communities. In a period of widespread degradation of global forest ecosystems, our findings provide an important and timely insight into the disturbance responses of soil microbial communities, which may influence key ecological functions.</p>
Data from: Strong interactive effects of warming and insect herbivory on soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics at Subarctic tree line
<p>Warming will likely stimulate Arctic primary production, but also soil C and N mineralization, and it remains uncertain whether the Arctic will become a sink or a source for CO<sub>2</sub>. Increasing insect herbivory may also dampen the positive response of plant production and soil C input to warming. We conducted an open-air warming experiment with Subarctic field layer vegetation in North Finland to explore the effects of warming (+3°C) and reduced insect herbivory (67% reduction in leaf damage using an insecticide) on soil C and N dynamics. We found that plant root growth, soil C and N concentrations, microbial biomass C, microbial activity, and soil NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> availability were increased by both warming and reduced herbivory when applied alone, but not when combined. Soil NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> availability increased by warming only and in-situ soil respiration by reduced herbivory only. Our results suggest that increasing C input from vegetation under climate warming increases soil C concentration, but also stimulates soil C turnover. On the other hand, it appears that insect herbivores can significantly reduce plant growth. If their abundance increases with warming as predicted, they may curtail the positive effect of warming on soil C concentration. Moreover, our results suggest that temperature and herbivory effects on root growth and soil variables interact strongly, which probably arises from a combination of N demand increasing under lower herbivory and soil mineral N supply increasing under higher temperature. This may further complicate the effects of rising temperatures on Subarctic soil C dynamics.</p>
Digital research data from: Biochar stability in a highly weathered sandy soil under four years of continuous corn production
<p>Biochar is being considered a climate change mitigation tool by increasing soil organic carbon contents (SOC), however, questions remain concerning its longevity in soil. We applied 30,000 kg ha−1 of biochars to plots containing a Goldsboro sandy loam (Fine-loamy, siliceous, sub-active, thermic Aquic Paleudults) and then physically disked all plots. Thereafter, the plots were agronomically managed under 4 years (Y) of continuous corn (Zea Mays, L.) planting. Annually, incremental soil along with corresponding bulk density samples were collected and SOC concentrations were measured in topsoil (down to 23-cm). The biochars were produced from Lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) chip (PC) and Poultry litter (PL) feedstocks. An untreated Goldsboro soil (0 biochar) served as a control.</p>
Data from: Corn stover removal responses on soil test P and K levels in Coastal Plain Ultisols
<p>This is digital research data corresponding to a published manuscript,<em> </em><em><span>Corn stover removal responses on soil test P and K levels in Coastal Plain Ultisols</span></em><em>, </em>in<em> </em><em><span>Sustainability. </span></em><span>2021. 13:4401</span><span>.</span></p> <p><span>Corn (Zea mays L.) stover is used as a biofuel feedstock in the U.S. Selection of stover harvest rates for soils is problematic, however, because excessive stover removal may have consequences on plant available phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) concentrations. Our objective was to quantify stover harvest impact on soil P and K concentrations in the southeastern U.S. Coastal Plain. Five stover harvest rates (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 percent by weight) were removed for five years (2008 to 2012) from replicated plots on highly weathered, toposequential Coastal Plain Ultisols. Grain and stover mass with P and K concentration data were used to calculate nutrient removal. Mehlich 1 (M1) extractable P and K concentrations and bulk density were used to monitor changes within the soil.</span></p>
Data for journal manuscript: Trait-based adaptability of Phragmites australis to the effects of soil water and salinity in the Yellow River Delta
<p><span><span><i>Phragmites australis</i> is the dominant species in the Yellow River Delta and plays an important role in wetland ecosystems. Ecological responses of the <i>P. australis</i> community to soil properties were investigated in 96 areas along the coastal-inland regions in the Yellow River Delta of China. The aim was to evaluate the relationship between phenotypic variation and environmental factors, reveal which functional traits could well respond to changes in electrical conductivity and soil water content, and the ecological strategies of <i>P. australis</i>. Within the range of soil water content (9.39–36.92%) and electrical conductivity (0.14–13.29 ms/cm), the results showed that the effects of soil water content and salinity were not equally important for the characterization of the morphological and physiological variability, and that plant functional traits including leaf traits and stem traits responded more strongly to soil salinity than soil water content. Our results suggested that salinity leads to reduced average height, specific leaf area, leaf area, and base stem diameter, but increased leaf water content and leaf thickness. The relationships between functional traits and electrical conductivity were generally linear and logarithmic. The coefficients of variation of morphological traits showed more phenotypic plasticity than the physiological traits. Salinity also led to the stress tolerator/competitor-stress tolerator (S/CS) strategies of <i>P. australis</i>;<i> </i>with the decrease of environmental stress, the main strategy gradually moved to the competitor (C) strategy, making <i>P. australis</i> the dominant species in the Yellow River Delta. </span></span></p>
Data from: Biomass partitioning of plants under soil pollution stress
<p><span>Polluted sites are ubiquitous worldwide but how plant partition their biomass between different organs in this context is unclear. </span><span>Here, we identified three possible drivers of biomass partitioning in our controlled study along pollution gradients: plant size reduction (pollution effect) combined with allometric scaling between organs; early deficit in root surfaces (pollution effect) inducing a decreased water uptake; increased biomass allocation to roots to compensate for lower soil resource acquisition consistent with the optimal partitioning theory (plant response). A complementary meta-analysis showed variation in biomass </span><span>partitioning</span><span> across published studies, with g</span><span>rass and woody species having distinct modifications of their root: shoot ratio. However, the modelling of biomass partitioning drivers showed that</span> <span>single harvest experiments performed in previous studies prevent identifying the main drivers at stake.</span> <span>The proposed distinction between pollution effects and plant response will help to improve our knowledge of plant allocation strategies in the context of pollution.</span></p>
Data from: Contrasting nitrogen cycling between herbaceous wetland and terrestrial ecosystems inferred from plant and soil nitrogen isotopes across China
<p><span>Understanding nitrogen (N) cycling in different ecosystems is crucial to predicting and mitigating the global effects of altered N inputs. Although wetlands have always been assumed to differ largely from terrestrial ecosystems in N cycling, evidence from direct comparison from the field along wide environmental gradients is lacking. Here, we hypothesized strong coupling of plant and soil δ<sup>15</sup>N in terrestrial ecosystems due to lower N inputs and losses but weak coupling of plant and soil δ<sup>15</sup>N in wetlands because of higher N inputs and losses.</span></p> <p><span>We performed a large-scale field investigation on 26 pairs of herbaceous wetland and terrestrial sites across China covering 21 degrees of latitude and determined natural abundance of nitrogen isotopes (δ<sup>15</sup>N) in soils and leaves of 346 dominant and subordinate plant species. We analysed the relationships between leaf and soil δ<sup>15</sup>N and their drivers including plant functional types in these two types of ecosystems.</span></p> <p><span>Plant functional types including mycorrhizal type and N2-fixing status had consistently significant influences on leaf δ<sup>15</sup>N in herbaceous wetland and terrestrial ecosystems. Leaf δ<sup>15</sup>N increased significantly with soil δ<sup>15</sup>N within and across mycorrhizal types in both ecosystems, and, as hypothesized, the relationships were stronger and steeper in terrestrial than in wetland ecosystems. Moreover, leaf and soil δ<sup>15</sup>N were positively and significantly correlated within both N<sub>2</sub>-fixers and non-fixers in terrestrial ecosystems and within only non-N<sub>2</sub>-fixers in wetlands. At the community level, we also found more highly significant relationships between leaf and soil δ<sup>15</sup>N in terrestrial than in wetland ecosystems. Besides plant functional types, climatic and soil factors contributed to the variation in leaf δ<sup>15</sup>N in both ecosystems.</span></p> <p><span><em>Synthesis.</em> Weaker relationships between plant and soil δ<sup>15</sup>N in wetlands at species and community levels supports the hypothesis that larger N inputs and losses lead to weaker coupling in the plant-soil systems in wetlands than in terrestrial ecosystems. This provides strong evidence from a large spatial scale for contrasting N cycling in these two types of ecosystems regardless of plant functional type in terms of nutrient uptake strategy. Our findings add to our predictive power of ecosystem N dynamics under environmental changes, e.g. land-use changes and elevated N inputs.</span></p>
Data from: Corn grain and stover nutrient uptake responses from sandy soil treated with designer biochars and compost
<p>This is digital research data corresponding to a published manuscript, Corn grain and stover nutrient uptake responses from sandy soil treated with designer biochars and compost. 2021. Agronomy. <span>11(5):942. </span>https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11050942.</p> <p>Biochars are used for soil fertility improvement because they may contain certain elements that plants use as nutrients, however, few studies have demonstrated enhanced crop nutrient uptake. Our study examined nutrient uptake responses of corn (Zea Mays L.) grain and stover over 4 years (Y) after a Goldsboro loamy sand (Fine-loamy, siliceous, sub-active, thermic Aquic Paleudults) received different designer biochars and a compost. The designer biochars were produced from lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) chip (PC), poultry litter (PL), blends with switchgrass (SG; Panicum virgatum), and a SG compost alone.</p>
Data from: Humus microhabitat affects distributions of soil fungi and bacteria in a temperate mountain forest
<p>Humus layer have an important effect on the diversity and spatial distribution of microbes. However, the role of partitioning of humus layer microhabitats for soil microbial diversity has been poorly documented. In this study, 120 soil samples were collected from a 5-ha forest dynamic monitoring sample plot in a deciduous broad-leaved forest. Clustering analysis was used to delineate microhabitats by humus layer. We explored diversity and community composition of soil fungi and bacteria using Illumina sequencing of the ITS rRNA gene and 16S rRNA gene region on the MiSeq platform. We investigated the diversity, species composition and the microhabitat preferences of fungi and bacteria, and then analyzed the effects of environmental factors on soil fungi and bacteria. Our results showed that the diversity, species composition and the indicator species of the fungal and bacterial community varied among different humus layer microhabitats. In network analysis, the specialization indexes showed that 16.20%/22.30% of the fungal/bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) had the characteristics of distribution specialization for humus layer microhabitats. Mantel test showed that the main environmental drivers of fungi and bacteria were not consistent among the four microhabitats. Our findings indicated that the distribution of soil microbe among humus layer microhabitats is not random, but specialized. We furthermore found that there were differences in the relationship between soil microbes and environment among microhabitats defined by humus layer. Together these findings suggest that the importance of partitioning of humus layer microhabitats in maintaining local diversity in a soil microbial community.</p>
Data from: Impact of local forest composition on soil fungal communities in a mixed boreal forest
[No abstract entered]
EELS and chemical compostions data for the sub-micron craters on Chang'e-5 lunar soils
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Data from: Data transformations cause altered edaphic-climatic controls and reduced predictability on soil carbon decomposition rates
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Spatial patterns and effects of invasive plants on soil microbial activity and diversity along river corridors - raw data
<p>environmental data, plant community data, CLPP profiles, microbial activity data</p>
Improved 3D Characterization of in-situ Soil Desiccation Cracking by multi-source Data Integration
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Data sources of soil textures.
<p>S1: Soil information from China, other regions of the world, and the Moon, including their locations, soil textures, specimen numbers, and data sources (references), is presented.</p> <p>S2: Data on grain size distribution for unimodal, bimodal, trimodal, and multimodal distributions are presented.</p> <p>S3: Grain size distribution data for soils from the earth.</p> <p>S4: Grain size distribution data for soils from the moon.</p> <p>S5: Matlab code for simulating soils from source areas.</p> <p> </p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.