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4,669 results for “Environment;”
Genomic insights into adaptation to heterogeneous environments for the ancient relictual Circaeaster agrestis (Circaeasteraceae, Ranunculales)
<p>Investigating the interaction between environmental heterogeneity and local adaptation is critical to understand the evoutionary history of a species, providing the premise for studying the response of organisms to rapid cimate change. However, for most species how exacty the spatial heterogeneity promotes popuation divergence and how genomic variations contribute to adaptive evolution remain poorly understood.</p> <p>We examine the contributions of geographica and environmental variables to population divergence of the relictual, alpine herb <i>Circaeaster agrestis</i>, as wel as genetic basis of local adaptation using RAD-seq and plastome data.</p> <p><span>We detected</span> significant genetic structure with <span>an extraordinary disequilibrium of genetic diversity</span><span> among regions</span>, and signals of isolation-by-distance along with isolation-by-resistance. The populations were estimated to begin diverging in the late Miocene, along with a possible ancestral distribution of the Hengduan Mountains and adjacent regions. Both environmental gradient and <span>redundancy </span>analyses revealed significant association between genetic variation and temperature variables<i>.</i> <span><span>Genome</span></span><span><span>‐</span></span><span><span>environment association analyses identified 16 putatively adaptive loci mainly related </span></span>mainly <span><span>to biotic and abiotic stress resistance.</span></span></p> <p><span>Our genome wide data provide new insights into the important roe of </span>environmenta heterogeneity<span> in shaping genetic structure, and access the footprints of ocal adaptation in an </span>ancient reictual species, informing future conservation efforts<span>.</span></p> <div> <div class="gtx-trans-icon"> </div> </div>
Data from: Genomic signatures of convergent adaptation to Alpine environments in three Brassicaceae species
<p>It has long been discussed to what extent related species develop similar genetic mechanisms to adapt to similar environments. Most studies documenting such convergence have either used different lineages within species or surveyed only a limited portion of the genome. Here, we investigated whether similar or different sets of orthologous genes were involved in genetic adaptation of natural populations of three related plant species to similar environmental gradients in the Alps. We used whole-genome pooled population sequencing to study genome-wide SNP variation in 18 natural populations of three Brassicaceae (<i>Arabis alpina, Arabidopsis halleri, </i>and<i> Cardamine resedifolia</i>) from the Swiss Alps. We first <i>de novo</i> assembled draft reference genomes for all three species. We then ran population and landscape genomic analyses with ~3 million SNPs per species to look for shared genomic signatures of selection and adaptation in response to similar environmental gradients acting on these species. Genes with a signature of convergent adaptation were found at significantly higher numbers than expected by chance. The most closely related species pair showed the highest relative over-representation of shared adaptation signatures. Moreover, the identified genes of convergent adaptation were enriched for non-synonymous mutations, suggesting functional relevance of these genes, even though many of the identified candidate genes have <i>hitherto</i> unknown or poorly described functions based on comparison with <i>Arabidopsis thaliana.</i> We conclude that adaptation to heterogeneous Alpine environments in related species is partly driven by convergent evolution, but that most of the genomic signatures of adaptation remain species-specific.</p>
Data from: Creosote growth rate and reproduction increase in post-fire environments
<p>Human activities are changing patterns of ecological disturbance globally. In North American deserts, wildfire is increasing in size and frequency due to fuel characteristics of invasive annual grasses. Fire reduces the abundance and cover of native vegetation in desert ecosystems. In this study, we sought to characterize stem growth and reproductive output of a dominant native shrub in the Mojave Desert, creosote bush (Larrea tridentata (DC.) Coville) following wildfires that occurred in 2005. We sampled 55 shrubs along burned and unburned transects 12 years after the fires (2017) and quantified age, stem diameter, stem number, radial and vertical growth rates, and fruit production for each shrub. The shrubs on the burn transects were most likely post-fire resprouts based on stem age while stems from unburn transects dated from before the fire. Stem and vertical growth rates for shrubs on burned transects were 2.6 and 1.7 times higher than that observed for stems on unburned shrubs. Fruit production of shrubs along burned transects was 4.7-fold more than shrubs along paired unburned transects. Growth rates and fruit production of shrubs in burned areas did not differ with increasing distance from the burn perimeter. Positive growth and reproduction responses of creosote following wildfires could be critical for soil stabilization and re-establishment of native plant communities in this desert system. Additional research is needed to assess if repeat fires that are characteristic of invasive grass-fire cycles may limit these benefits.</p>
Utility of acoustic indices for ecological monitoring in complex sonic environments
<p>Abstract</p> <p>With the continued adoption of passive acoustic monitoring as a tool for rapid and high-resolution ecosystem monitoring, ecologists are increasingly making use of a suite of acoustic indices to summarise the sonic environment. Though these indices are often reported to well represent some aspect of the biology of an ecosystem, the degree to which they are confounded by various extraneous sonic conditions is largely unknown. We conducted an aural inventory across 23 field sites in Okinawa to identify the number of unique animal sounds present in recordings. Using these values of ‘measured richness’, we then examined how the performance of 11 commonly-used acoustic indices varied across a range of sonic conditions (including in the presence and absence of insect stridulations, audible wind or rain, and human-related sounds). Our analysis identified both well- and poor-performing acoustic indices, as well as those that were particularly sensitive to sonic conditions. Only two indices reflected measured richness across the full range of sonic conditions examined. A few indices were relatively insensitive to extraneous sonic conditions, but no index correlated with measured richness when masked by sound from broadband stridulating insects. Our results demonstrate considerable sensitivity of most commonly used acoustic indices to confounding sonic conditions, highlighting the challenges of working with large acoustic datasets collected in the field. We make practical recommendations for acoustic index use based on study design, with the aim of identifying the suite of acoustic indices with greatest utility as indicators for rapid biodiversity monitoring and management of the world’s natural soundscapes.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The dataset contains the names of audio files collected across 23 field sites between April 2017 and January 2018 as part of the OKEON-Churamori project on the island of Okinawa, Japan. We conducted an aural inventory, manually counting and recording the number of unique biotic sounds (approximately corresponding to species richness) and noting the presence or absence of three potentially confounding sonic conditions: audible geophony (wind, rain etc.), anthropophony (human-related sounds), and broadband sounds produced by stridulating insect (e.g. cicadas, orthopterans). We then calculated 11 commonly used acoustic indices from the literature and compared their performance (correlation with richness) in the presence vs absence of each sonic condition. Our dataset also contains time and date information for each recording, and the mean site-level richness (i.e. across multiple recordings) for each site and for each unique site-by-season combination. See Table A2 and Methods section in the associated manuscript for details on data processing and the calculation of acoustic indices.</p> <p>Usage notes</p> <p>See readme file for descriptions of data table structure.</p>
Development and evaluation of a test setup to investigate distance differences in immersive virtual environments
<p>Nowadays, with recent advances in virtual reality technology, it is easily possible to integrate real objects into<br> virtual environments by creating an exact virtual replication and enabling interaction with them by mapping the obtained tracking<br> data of the real to the virtual objects. The primary goal of our study is to develop a system to investigate distance differences for<br> near-field interaction in immersive virtual environments. In this context, the term distance difference refers to the shift between<br> a real object and the respective replication of the real object in the virtual environment of the same size. This could occur<br> for a number of reasons e.g. due to errors in motion tracking or mistakes in designing the virtual environment. Our virtual<br> environment is developed using the Unity3D game engine, while the immersive contents were displayed on an HTC Vive Pro headmounted display. The virtual room shown to the user includes a replication of the real testing lab environment, while one of<br> the two real objects is tracked and mirrored to the virtual world using an HTC Vive Tracker. Both objects are present<br> in the real as well as in the virtual world. To find perceivable distance differences in the near-field, the actual task in the<br> subjective test was to pick up one object and place it into another object. The position of the static object in the virtual<br> world is shifted by values between 0 and 4 cm, while the position of the real object is kept constant. The system is evaluated by<br> conducting a subjective proof-of-concept test with 18 test subjects. The distance difference is evaluated by the subjects through<br> estimating perceived confusion on a modified 5-point absolute category rating scale. The study provides quantitative insights<br> into allowable real-world vs. virtual-world mismatch boundaries for near-field interactions, with a threshold value of around 1 cm.</p>
Work that body: fin and body movements determine herbivore feeding performance within the natural reef environment
<p>Herbivorous fishes form a keystone component of reef ecosystems, yet the functional mechanisms underlying their feeding performance are poorly understood. In water, gravity is counter-balanced by buoyancy, hence fish are recoiled backwards after every bite they take from the substrate. To overcome this recoil and maintain contact with the algae covered substrate, fish need to generate thrust while feeding. However, the locomotory performance of reef herbivores in the context of feeding has hitherto been ignored. We used a 3D high-speed video system to track mouth and body kinematics during <i>in-situ</i> feeding strikes of fishes in the genus <i>Zebrasoma</i>, while synchronously recording the forces exerted on the substrate. These herbivores committed stereotypic and coordinated body and fin movements when feeding off the substrate and these movements determined algal biomass removed. Specifically, the speed of rapidly backing away from the substrate was associated with the magnitude of the pull force and the biomass of algae removed from the substrate per feeding bout. Our new framework for measuring biting performance <i>in-situ</i> demonstrates that coordinated movements of the body and fins play a crucial role in herbivore foraging performance and may explain major axes of body and fin shape diversification across reef herbivore guilds.</p>
Application Deployment using Containers with Auto-scaling for Microservices in Cloud Environment
<p>This dataset release supports the results presented in the paper "Application Deployment using Containers with Auto-scaling for Microservices in Cloud Environment" by S. N. Srirama, M. Adhikari, and S. Paul, accepted in Journal of Network and Computer Applications, ISSN: 1084-8045, vol. 160, pp. 1-20, 2020. Elsevier.</p> <p>When referring to the dataset please cite the paper above.</p>
Data from: Small Carbonaceous Fossils (SCFs) from North Greenland: new light on metazoan diversity in early Cambrian shelf environments
<p>The Sirius Passet <i>Lagerstätte</i> of North Greenland provides one of the oldest records of soft-bodied metazoan-dominated ecosystems from within the early Cambrian. The <i>Lagerstätte</i> site itself is restricted to just a single ~1 km-long outcrop located offshore from the shelf margin, in an area that has been affected by metamorphic alteration during the Ellesmerian Orogeny (Devonian–Early Carboniferous). The recent recovery of Small Carbonaceous Fossils (SCFs) to the south in areas that have escaped the effects of this deformation has substantially expanded the known coverage of organic preservation into shallower-water depositional settings in this region. Here we describe additional SCF assemblages from the siliciclastic shelf succession of the Buen Formation (Cambrian Series 2, Stages 3-4; ∼ 515 Ma), expanding upon the previously documented SCF biota. Newly recovered material reveals a rich diversity of non-mineralizing metazoans, chiefly represented by arthropod remains. These include the filtering and grinding elements of a sophisticated crustacean feeding apparatus - the oldest crustacean remains reported to date - alongside an assortment of bradoriid sclerites, including almost complete, three-dimensional valves which tie-together a number of SCFs previously found in isolation. Other metazoan remains include various trilobite cuticles, diverse scalidophoran sclerites, and a range of metazoan fragments of uncertain affinities. This shallower-water assemblage differs substantially from the Sirius Passet biota, which is dominated by problematic euarthropod stem-group members and sponges. Though some of these discrepancies are attributable to taphonomic or temporal factors, these lateral variations in taxonomic composition also point to significant palaeoenvironmental and/or palaeoecological controls on early Cambrian metazoan communities.</p>
Data files from nonreciprocal acoustics in viscous environment
<p>It is demonstrated that acoustic transmission through a phononic crystal with anisotropic solid scatterers becomes nonreciprocal if the background fluid is viscous. In an ideal (inviscid) fluid, the transmission along the direction of broken P symmetry is asymmetric. This asymmetry is compatible with reciprocity since time-reversal symmetry (T symmetry) holds. Viscous losses break T symmetry, adding a nonreciprocal contribution to the transmission coefficient. The nonreciprocal transmission spectra for a phononic crystal of metallic circular cylinders in water are experimentally obtained and analyzed. The surfaces of the cylinders were specially processed in order to weakly break P symmetry and increase viscous losses through manipulation of surface features. Subsequently, the nonreciprocal part of transmission is separated from its asymmetric reciprocal part in numerically simulated transmission spectra. The level of nonreciprocity is in agreement with the measure of broken P symmetry. The reported study contradicts commonly accepted opinion that linear dissipation cannot be a reason leading to nonreciprocity. It also opens a way for engineering passive acoustic diodes exploring natural viscosity of any fluid as a factor leading to nonreciprocity.</p>
Data Set htwddKogRob-InfDynSim for Localization in Highly Crowded Environments
<p>This data set presents a major challenge for robot localization in highly crowded environments. The total distance travelled over all runs is 113.3 km. 50 dynamic obstacles (see htwddKogRob-InfDynSim_dynObstacles.png) were inserted into the map (see htwddKogRob-InfDynSim.png | 1px <span class="math-tex">\(\widehat{=}\)</span> 0.1m).</p> <p>The work was first presented in:</p> <ul> <li>A Fuzzy-based Adaptive Environment Model for Indoor Robot Localization</li> <li>Authors: Frank Bahrmann, Sven Hellbach, Hans-Joachim Böhme</li> <li>Date of Publication: 2016/10/6</li> <li>Conference: Telehealth and Assistive Technology / 847: Intelligent Systems and Robotics</li> <li>Publisher: ACTA Press</li> </ul> <p>Additionally, we present a video with the proposed algorithm and an insight of this dataset under:</p> <ul> <li>youtube.com/AugustDerSmarte</li> <li>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=26NBFN_XeQg</li> </ul> <p><strong>Instructions for use</strong></p> <p>The zip archives contain ascii files, which hold the log files of the robot observations and robot poses. Since this data set was recorded in a simulated environment, the logfiles include both a changed starting position and a ground-truth pose. For further information, please refer to the header of the logfile. To simplify the parsing of the files, you can use these two Java snippets:</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Laser Range Measurements:</strong></p> <pre><code class="language-java"> List<Double> ranges = new ArrayList<>(numOfLaserRays); List<Error> errors = new ArrayList<>(numOfLaserRays); String s = line.substring(4); String delimiter = "()"; StringTokenizer tokenizer = new StringTokenizer(s, delimiter); while(tokenizer.hasMoreElements()){ String[] arr = tokenizer.nextToken().split(";"); boolean usable = (arr[0].equals("0")?false:true); double range = Double.parseDouble(arr[1]); ranges.add(range); errors.add(usable?Error.OKAY:Error.INVALID_MEASUREMENT); }</code></pre> <p><strong>Poses:</strong></p> <pre><code class="language-java"> String poseString = line.split(":")[2]; String[] elements = poseString.substring(1, poseString.length()-1).split(";"); double x = Double.parseDouble(elements[0]); double y = Double.parseDouble(elements[1]); double phi = Double.parseDouble(elements[2]);</code></pre> <p> </p>
Complex sensory environments alter mate choice outcomes
Noise is a common problem in animal communication. We know little, however, about how animals communicate in noise using multimodal signals. Multimodal signals are hypothesized to be favoured by evolution because they increase the efficacy of detection/discrimination in noisy environments. We tested the hypothesis that female túngara frogs' responses to attractive male advertisement calls are improved in noise when a visual cue is added. We tested this at two levels of decision complexity (two and three choices). In a two-choice test, the presence of noise did not reduce female preferences for attractive calls. The visual cue of a calling male, associated with an unattractive call, also did not reduce preference for attractive calls in the absence of noise. In the presence of noise, however, females were more likely to choose an unattractive call coupled with the visual cue. In three-choice tests, the presence of noise alone reduced female responses to attractive calls and this was not strongly affected by the presence or absence of visual cues. The responses in these experiments fail to support the multimodal signal efficacy hypothesis. Instead, the data suggest that audio-visual perception and cognitive processing, related to mate choice decisions, are dependent on the complexity of the sensory scene.
A meta-analysis of effects of physiological integration in clonal plants under homogeneous vs. heterogeneous environments
<p class="CxSpFirst"><span><b>Summary</b></span></p> <p class="CxSpMiddle"><span>1. Clonal plants play key roles in maintaining community productivity and stability in many ecosystems. Connected individuals (ramets) of clonal plants can translocate and share e.g. photosynthates, water and nutrients, and such physiological integration may affect performance of clonal plants both<a name="_Hlk51046980"> in heterogeneous and homogeneous environments. </a>However, we still lack a general understanding of whether or how physiological integration in clonal plants differs across homogeneous vs. heterogeneous environments. </span></p> <p class="CxSpMiddle"><span>2. We compiled data from 198 peer reviewed scientific studies conducted in 19 countries with 108 clonal plant species from 35 families, and carried out a meta-analysis of effects of physiological integration on 16 traits related to plant growth, morphology, physiology or allocation. Our analyses evaluated these relationships in A) heterogeneous environments where at least one resource essential for plant growth (e.g. light, soil water and mineral nutrients) or non-resource factor (e.g. grazing, trampling and burial) is spatially non-uniformly distributed, and B) homogeneous environments where all these factors are spatially uniformly distributed.</span></p> <p class="CxSpMiddle"><span>3. Physiological integration increased growth of whole clones in both homogeneous and heterogeneous environments due to its highly significant contribution to growth of recipient ramets. Integration did not affect growth of donor ramets in heterogeneous environments, but decreased it in homogeneous environments. </span></p> <p class="CxSpMiddle"><span>4. Integration affected physiological traits of donor ramets in neither homogeneous nor heterogeneous environments. It did not affect any physiological traits of recipient ramets in homogeneous environments, but increased most of them in heterogeneous environments. For donor ramets, integration increased height by 53% and internode length by 37% in heterogeneous environments, but had no effect in homogeneous environments. For recipient ramets, integration increased height by 73% in homogeneous environments and by 115% in heterogeneous environments, and increased internode length by 35% only under heterogeneous environments. In heterogeneous environments, integration increased biomass allocation to roots of donor ramets under high water/nutrient conditions and decreased it under high light. </span></p> <p>5. Physiological integration plays a strong role in clonal plant physiology, morphology, and growth, especially for recipient ramets in heterogeneous environments. Therefore, physiological integration may have contributed to the widespread of clonal plants in nature and their dominance in many ecosystems. It may also play important roles in invasion success of alien clonal plants and in maintaining functions and stability of ecosystems where clonal plants are abundant.</p>
Data from: Fitness benefits to bacteria of carrying prophages and prophage-encoded antibiotic-resistance genes peak in different environments
<p>Understanding the role of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) in adaptation is a key challenge in evolutionary biology. In microbes, an important mechanism of HGT is prophage acquisition (phage genomes integrated into bacterial chromosomes). Prophages can influence bacterial fitness via transfer of beneficial genes (including antibiotic-resistance genes, ARGs), protection from superinfecting phages, or switching to a lytic lifecycle which releases free phages infectious to competitors. We expect these effects to depend on environmental conditions because of, for example, environment-dependent induction of the lytic lifecycle. However, it remains unclear how costs/benefits of prophages vary across environments. Here, studying prophages with/without ARGs in <i>Escherichia coli</i>, we disentangled effects of prophages alone and adaptive genes they carry. In competition with prophage-free strains, benefits from prophages and ARGs peaked in different environments. Prophages were most beneficial when induction of the lytic lifecycle was common, whereas ARGs were more beneficial upon antibiotic exposure and with reduced prophage induction. Acquisition of prophage-encoded ARGs by competing strains was most common when prophage induction, and therefore free phages, were common. Thus, selection on prophages and adaptive genes they carry varies independently across environments, which is important for predicting the spread of mobile/integrating genetic elements and their role in evolution</p>
Data on zooplankton species and lake environments from 29 lakes in southern Ontario, Canada
<p>The data published here were used to determine temporal variability in the drivers of zooplankton community composition, and to identify associations between individual species and different environmental metrics. Here, we provide two datasets, which are used in the paper by Sinclair et al. titled: "Consistent and transient drivers of freshwater zooplankton communities". Each dataset is provided as a separate tab in a single Excel spreadsheet. The "Info" tab provides more detail on each. The first dataset ("Zooplankton community") provides the total abundance of each adult zooplankton species detected across 29 lakes from southern Ontario, Canada in 2013, 2014, 2015, and 2016. The second dataset ("Lake environments") contains information on the depth, area, and water chemistry of each sampled lake in each year. Collection methods and dates are detailed in the associated article and variable descriptions and units are included in the "Info" tab.</p>
Data from: Phylogenetic diversity of two geographically overlapping species in the lichen genus Sticta (Ascomycota: Peltigeraceae): isolation by distance, environment, or fragmentation?
<p><span><b>Aim:</b> To test whether the degree of phylogenetic diversity differs in two congeneric, morphologically similar lichens that are both widespread and with a similar geographical range (Neotropics and Hawaii), but differ in altitudinal and habitat preferences, and whether the two species underwent isolation by distance (IBD), environment (IBE), or fragmentation (IBF).</span></p> <p><span><b>Location:</b> South and Central America, Caribbean, Hawaii, Azores.</span></p> <p><span><b>Taxon:</b> <i>Sticta</i> (Peltigeraceae).</span></p> <p><span><b>Methods:</b> Analysis of 395 specimens across the study area; ITS barcoding marker; maximum likelihood tree reconstruction within a broad taxonomic framework; TCS haplotype networks; Mantel test of genetic vs. geographic, environmental, and fragmentation distances; statistical comparison of BIOclim variables.</span></p> <p><span><b>Results:</b><b> </b><i>Sticta andina</i> exhibited high phenotypic variation and high reticulate phylogenetic diversity across its range, whereas the phenotypically more uniform <i>S. scabrosa</i> contained two main haplotypes, one unique to Hawaii (subsp. <i>hawaiiensis</i>). <i>Sticta andina</i> was restricted to well-preserved andine forests and paramos, habitats fragmented due to disruptive topology, whereas <i>S. scabrosa</i> was found in lowland to lower montane forests in rather exposed microsites, representing a more continuous habitat. These differences were statistically significant for several BIOclim variables. Mantel tests on genetic vs. geographic and environmental distances demonstrated that <i>S. scabrosa</i> followed a pattern of IBD across its full range but not within continental Central and South America. In contrast, <i>S. andina</i> did not exhibit IBD but showed weak, yet significant patterns of IBE at continental level and IBF in the northern Andes.</span></p> <p><b>Main Conclusions:</b> Autecology indirectly drives phylogenetic diversity in the two studied species. In the low altitude species, <i>S. scabrosa</i>, phylogenetic diversity is low and shows no correlation with geographic or environmental distances, except for the differentiation of the Hawaiian subspecies. We attribute this to rapid expansion and effective gene flow between populations across a more or less continuously distributed niche representing partially exposed microsites, including disturbed and anthropogenic vegetation, such as planted trees. In contrast, in the high altitude species, <i>S. andina</i>, phylogenetic diversity is high and correlated with both environmental niche differentiation (IBE) and fragmentation caused by the final Andean uplift (IBF). Therefore, an autoecological preference for high altitudes increases the likelihood for higher phylogenetic diversity.</p>
Data from: Trait-environment interactions affect plant establishment success during restoration
<p>Establishment and persistence are central to community assembly and are determined by how traits interact with the environment to determine performance ('trait-environment interactions'). Community assembly studies have rarely considered such trait-environment interactions, however, which can lead to incorrect inferences about how traits affect assembly. We evaluated how functional traits, environmental conditions, and trait-environment interactions structure plant establishment, as a measure of performance. Within 12 prairie restorations created by sowing 70 species, we quantified environmental conditions and counted individuals of each seeded species to quantify first year establishment. Three trait-environment interactions structured establishment. Leaf nitrogen interacted with herbivore pressure, as low leaf nitrogen species established relatively better under higher herbivory than species with high leaf nitrogen. Soil moisture interacted with root mass fraction (RMF), with low RMF species establishing better with low soil moisture and higher RMF species better on wetter soils. Specific leaf area (SLA) interacted with light availability, as low SLA species established better under high light conditions and high SLA species under low light conditions. Our work illustrates how community assembly can be better described by trait-environment interactions than correlating traits or environment with performance. This knowledge can assist species selection to maximize restoration success.Establishment and persistence are central to community assembly and are determined by how traits interact with the environment to determine performance ('trait-environment interactions'). Community assembly studies have rarely considered such trait-environment interactions, however, which can lead to incorrect inferences about how traits affect assembly. We evaluated how functional traits, environmental conditions, and trait-environment interactions structure plant establishment, as a measure of performance. Within 12 prairie restorations created by sowing 70 species, we quantified environmental conditions and counted individuals of each seeded species to quantify first year establishment. Three trait-environment interactions structured establishment. Leaf nitrogen interacted with herbivore pressure, as low leaf nitrogen species established relatively better under higher herbivory than species with high leaf nitrogen. Soil moisture interacted with root mass fraction (RMF), with low RMF species establishing better with low soil moisture and higher RMF species better on wetter soils. Specific leaf area (SLA) interacted with light availability, as low SLA species established better under high light conditions and high SLA species under low light conditions. Our work illustrates how community assembly can be better described by trait-environment interactions than correlating traits or environment with performance. This knowledge can assist species selection to maximize restoration success.</p>
Dataset for the "Harmonic Infrared and Raman Spectra in Molecular Environments using the Polarizable Embedding Model"
<p>This dataset contains data connected to the article "Harmonic infrared and Raman spectra using a polarizable embedding model".</p>
Supplementary data for: Carter, L.C., Williamson, B.J., Tapster, S.R. et al. Crystal mush dykes as conduits for mineralising fluids in the Yerington porphyry copper district, Nevada. Commun Earth Environ 2, 59 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-021-00128-4
<p>Supplementary data for Carter, L.C., Williamson, B.J., Tapster, S.R. <em>et al.</em> Crystal mush dykes as conduits for mineralising fluids in the Yerington porphyry copper district, Nevada. <em>Commun Earth Environ</em> <strong>2, </strong>59 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-021-00128-4</p> <p>The first .xlsx file contains data from EPMA and Total-IBA analyses</p> <p>The second .xlsx file contains QEMSCAN data.</p>
Adaptation and competition in deteriorating environments
Evolution might rescue populations from extinction in changing environments. Using experimental evolution with microalgae, we investigated if competition influences adaptation to an abiotic stressor, and vice versa, if adaptation to abiotic change influences competition. In a first set of experiments, we propagated monocultures of five species with and without increasing salt stress for ~180 generations. When assayed in monoculture, two of the five species showed signatures of adaptation, that is, lines with a history of salt stress had higher population growth rates at high salt than lines without prior exposure to salt. When assayed in mixtures of species, however, only one of these two species had increased population size at high salt, indicating that competition can alter how adaptation to abiotic change influences population dynamics. In a second experiment, we cultivated two species in monocultures and in pairs, with and without increasing salt. While we found no effect of competition on adaptation to salt, our experiment revealed that evolutionary responses to salt can influence competition. Specifically, one of the two species had reduced competitive ability in the no-salt environment after long-term exposure to salt stress. Collectively, our results highlight the complex interplay of adaptation to abiotic change and competitive interactions.
Variations in leaf economics spectrum traits for an evergreen coniferous species: Tree size dominates over environment factors
<ol> <li>Many leaf traits strongly vary with tree size and environmental factors, but the importance of these factors to intraspecific variations of leaf traits in forest trees have rarely been <a><span>simultaneously</span></a> evaluated.</li> <li>We measured needle longevity and specific leaf area (SLA) and nitrogen (N) content of every needle age (0 to 4 year old) for 65 individuals with 0.3-100 cm diameter at breast height (DBH) for an evergreen coniferous species, <i>Pinus koraiensis</i> Sieb. et Zucc., in Northeast China. We <a><span>simultaneously</span></a> evaluated effects of tree size (DBH or tree height) and environment factors (light intensity, soil N content and water availability) on the needle longevity, SLA, foliage N content as well as the slopes of regressions of SLA and foliage N content against needle age.</li> <li>All of the studied leaf traits and slopes of regressions of SLA and foliage N content against needle age were significantly related to tree size. Tree height had a greater impact on SLA and area-based leaf N content (N<sub>area</sub>), whereas DBH was more important for needle longevity and mass-based leaf N content (N<sub>mass</sub>). The environment variables, light intensity, soil N content and water availability, were rather minor factors for trait variations compared with tree size. Significant influences of light intensity were found only on needle longevity, and soil N and water availability had no effects on the leaf traits.</li> <li>Our study clearly showed that tree size is an important driver of intraspecific variations in the key leaf traits of <i>Pinus koraiensis</i> in a natural forest. We also emphasize the importance of DBH or tree height varies depending on leaf traits, suggesting various mechanisms of size effects on the intraspecific variations in leaf traits. We suggest that ecological significance of leaf trait variations needs reconsideration incorporating tree size effect.</li> </ol>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.