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2,885 results for “Transfers”
Figure 10 from: Passanha V, Cizauskas I, Brescovit AD (2019) A new genus of Micromygalinae (Araneae, Microstigmatidae) from Brazil, with transfer of Masteria emboaba Pedroso, Baptista & Bertani, 2015 and description of six new species. ZooKeys 814: 1-32. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.814.29906
Figure 10 Tontonipiau sp. n., (male, Ipiaú, Bahia, IBSP 14523), A Eyes, dorsal view B palp, prolateral view C bulb, ventral view D embolous tip E palp, retrolateral view F, G variation of female genitalia. Scale bars: 50 μm (A); 100 μm (B, C); 10 μm (D); 200 μm (E); 100 μm (F, G).
Figure 11 from: Passanha V, Cizauskas I, Brescovit AD (2019) A new genus of Micromygalinae (Araneae, Microstigmatidae) from Brazil, with transfer of Masteria emboaba Pedroso, Baptista & Bertani, 2015 and description of six new species. ZooKeys 814: 1-32. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.814.29906
Figure 11 Tontonquiteria sp. n., (male and female, Santa Quitéria do Maranhão, Maranhão, IBSP 198550, male, IBSP 198545, female), A eyes, dorsal view B serrula, lateral view C bulb, prolateral view D embolous tip E female genitalia F bulb, retrolateral view. Scale bars: 50 μm (A); 30 μm (B); 100 μm (C); 10 μm (D); 100 μm (E, F).
Figure 1 from: Passanha V, Cizauskas I, Brescovit AD (2019) A new genus of Micromygalinae (Araneae, Microstigmatidae) from Brazil, with transfer of Masteria emboaba Pedroso, Baptista & Bertani, 2015 and description of six new species. ZooKeys 814: 1-32. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.814.29906
Figure 1 Tonton spp. morphological characters. A serrula, lateral view B tarsal claw, retrolateral view C tricobothrium, dorsal view D detail of serrula and projected palpal coxae, ventral view E tarsal organ, dorsal view F detail of slender tricobothria, leg I. Scale bars: 20 μm (A); 30 μm (B); 5 μm (C); 20 μm (D); 5 μm (E); 300 μm (F).
Figures 5- 6 from: Gil-Santana HR, Webb MD (2019) Transfer of the assassin bug Helonotus pallidulus Walker to the genus Heza Amyot & Serville (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Reduviidae, Harpactorinae, Harpactorini). ZooKeys 872: 91-99. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.872.35137
Figures 5- 6 Head and thorax of Heza pallidula (Walker, 1873), comb. nov., female holotype, lateral view. 6 Antennae repositioned (as, apex of scutellum, ds, discal spine of hind lobe, p, plica, pa, postantennal spine, tf, discal tubercle of fore lobe, ts, tubercle of disc of scutellum). Scale bars: 2.0 mm (5); 1.0 mm (6).
Figures 1-4 from: Gil-Santana HR, Webb MD (2019) Transfer of the assassin bug Helonotus pallidulus Walker to the genus Heza Amyot & Serville (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Reduviidae, Harpactorinae, Harpactorini). ZooKeys 872: 91-99. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.872.35137
Figures 1-4 Heza pallidula (Walker, 1873), comb. nov., female holotype. 1 Dorsal view 2 dorsal view (with antennae and left fore leg repositioned) 3 ventral view 4 labels. Scale bars: 5.0 mm (1, 3).
FIGURE 8 in Two new species and a new transfer in the pirate spider genus Mimetus Hentz, 1832 (Araneae: Mimetidae: Mimetinae) from India
FIGURE 8. Map showing the distribution of the genus Mimetus in India.
FIGURE 4 in Contribution to the Vernonieae (Asteraceae) of the Cerrado: a transfer to Lessingianthus, in a new rank and with a new name
FIGURE 4. Distribution of Lessingianthus semirii (white circle) and L. monocephalus (white square).
Probabilistic Emulation of the Community Radiative Transfer Model Using Machine Learning
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Code and Data for Transfer Learning for Multi-material Classification of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides with Atomic Force Microscopy
<p>The data consists of atomic force microscopy (AFM) images of metal organic chemical deposition (MOCVD) grown transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), MoS2, WS2, WSe2, MoSe2, and Mo-WSe2, used for the results reported in the manuscript "Transfer Learning for Multi-material Classification of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides with Atomic Force Microscopy". The TMDs are grown at the Penn State's 2D crystal consortium (2DCC). The raw data is also available on the LiST (https://data.<br>2dccmip.org/Rut1mMC8u25M). The file names have the format: imageSNo_TMD_sampleLabel_sampleId_set.tif, where SNo, TMD, sampleLabel, sampleId, and set are serial numbers (1, 2, 3, ...), class of TMD (e.g. MoS2, WS2, ...), sample label, sample id, and train or test set, as used in the manuscript. There could be multiple images from the same samples (taken from the center, edges, etc, of wafer). Images from the same sample have the same sample label and sample id. In using the data, it is recommended that the same sample is not present in more than one data set to avoid data leakage. Additionally, github_static consists of the codes used to generate the results reported in the manuscript.</p>
Linked collectors and determiners for: Redescription of Zoica puellula (Simon, 1898) (Araneae: Lycosidae: Zoicinae) and transfer of Zoica harduarae (Biswas & Roy, 2008) to Agelenidae C. L. Koch, 1837.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Redescription of Zoica puellula (Simon, 1898) (Araneae: Lycosidae: Zoicinae) and transfer of Zoica harduarae (Biswas & Roy, 2008) to Agelenidae C. L. Koch, 1837". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/300ee73b-9e90-41ed-b549-b427504f2dec">https://bionomia.net/dataset/300ee73b-9e90-41ed-b549-b427504f2dec</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/300ee73b-9e90-41ed-b549-b427504f2dec">https://gbif.org/dataset/300ee73b-9e90-41ed-b549-b427504f2dec</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Linked collectors and determiners for: Transfer of two South American ant species from Tapinoma Foerster 1850 to Forelius Emery 1888 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Dolichoderinae).
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Transfer of two South American ant species from Tapinoma Foerster 1850 to Forelius Emery 1888 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Dolichoderinae)". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/fc7b0f87-bad7-4509-9bea-7d922a8abed3">https://bionomia.net/dataset/fc7b0f87-bad7-4509-9bea-7d922a8abed3</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/fc7b0f87-bad7-4509-9bea-7d922a8abed3">https://gbif.org/dataset/fc7b0f87-bad7-4509-9bea-7d922a8abed3</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Data from: Population genomics reveals additive and replacing horizontal gene transfers in the emerging pathogen Dickeya solani
Background: Dickeya solani is an emerging pathogen that causes soft rot and blackleg diseases in several crops including Solanum tuberosum, but little is known about its genomic diversity and evolution. Results: We combined Illumina and PacBio technologies to complete the genome sequence of D. solani strain 3337 that was used as a reference to compare with 19 other genomes (including that of the type strain IPO2222 T ) which were generated by Illumina technology. This population genomic analysis highlighted an unexpected variability among D. solani isolates since it led to the characterization of two distinct sub-groups within the D. solani species. This approach also revealed different types of variations such as scattered SNP/InDel variations as well as replacing and additive horizontal gene transfers (HGT). Infra-species (between the two D. solani sub-groups) and inter-species (between D. solani and D. dianthicola) replacing HGTs were observed. Finally, this work pointed that genetic and functional variation in the motility trait could contribute to aggressiveness variability in D. solani. Conclusions: This work revealed that D. solani genomic variability may be caused by SNPs/InDels as well as replacing and additive HGT events, including plasmid acquisition; hence the D. solani genomes are more dynamic than that were previously proposed. This work alerts on precautions in molecular diagnosis of this emerging pathogen.
Data from: A recently transferred cluster of bacterial genes in Trichomonas vaginalis –lateral gene transfer and the fate of acquired genes.
Background: Lateral Gene Transfer (LGT) has recently gained recognition as an important contributor to some eukaryote proteomes, but the mechanisms of acquisition and fixation in eukaryotic genomes are still uncertain. A previously defined norm for LGTs in microbial eukaryotes states that the majority are genes involved in metabolism, the LGTs are typically localized one by one, surrounded by vertically inherited genes on the chromosome, and phylogenetics shows that a broad collection of bacterial lineages have contributed to the transferome. Results: A unique 34 kbp long fragment with 27 clustered genes (TvLF) of prokaryote origin was identified in the sequenced genome of the protozoan parasite Trichomonas vaginalis. Using a PCR based approach we confirmed the presence of the orthologous fragment in four additional T. vaginalis strains. Detailed sequence analyses unambiguously suggest that TvLF is the result of one single, recent LGT event. The proposed donor is a close relative to the firmicute bacterium Peptoniphilus harei. High nucleotide sequence similarity between T. vaginalis strains, as well as to P. harei, and the absence of homologs in other Trichomonas species, suggests that the transfer event took place after the radiation of the genus Trichomonas. Some genes have undergone pseudogenization and degradation, indicating that they may not be retained in the future. Functional annotations reveal that genes involved in informational processes are particularly prone to degradation. Conclusions: We conclude that, although the majority of eukaryote LGTs are single gene occurrences, they may be acquired in clusters of several genes that are subsequently cleansed of evolutionarily less advantageous genes.
Data from: Gene transfer from bacteria and archaea facilitated evolution of an extremophilic eukaryote
Some microbial eukaryotes, such as the extremophilic red alga Galdieria sulphuraria, can live in hot, toxic metal-rich, acidic environments. To elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms of adaptation, we sequenced the 13.7 Mb genome of G. sulphuraria. This alga shows an enormous metabolic flexibility, growing either photoautotrophically or heterotrophically on more than 50 carbon sources. Environmental adaptation seems to have been facilitated by horizontal gene transfer from various bacteria and archaea, often followed by gene family expansion. At least 5% of protein-coding genes of G. sulphuraria were probably acquired horizontally. These proteins are involved in ecologically important processes ranging from heavy metal detoxification to glycerol uptake and metabolism. Thus, our findings show that a pan-domain gene pool has facilitated environmental adaptation in this unicellular eukaryote.
Data from: Loss of reproductive parasitism following transfer of male-killing Wolbachia to Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila simulans
Wolbachia manipulates insect host biology through a variety of means that result in elevated fitness of infected females, enhancing its own transmission. A Wolbachia strain (wInn) naturally infecting D. innubila induces male-killing, while native strains of D. melanogaster and D. simulans usually induce cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI). In this study, we transferred wInn to D. melanogaster and D. simulans by embryonic microinjection, expecting conservation of the male-killing phenotype to the novel hosts, which are more suitable for genetic analysis. In contrast to our expectations, there was no effect on offspring sex ratio. Furthermore, no CI was observed in the transinfected flies. Overall, transinfected D. melanogaster lines displayed lower transmission rate and lower densities of Wolbachia than transinfected D. simulans lines, in which established infections were transmitted with near-perfect fidelity. In D. simulans, strain wInn had no effect on fecundity and egg to adult development. Surprisingly, one of the two transinfected lines tested showed increased longevity. We discuss our results in the context of host-symbiont co-evolution and the potential of symbionts to invade novel host species.
Data from: Genome-scale phylogenetic analysis finds extensive gene transfer among fungi
Although the role of lateral gene transfer is well recognized in the evolution of bacteria, it is generally assumed that it has had less influence among eukaryotes. To explore this hypothesis, we compare the dynamics of genome evolution in two groups of organisms: cyanobacteria and fungi. Ancestral genomes are inferred in both clades using two types of methods: first, Count, a gene tree unaware method that models gene duplications, gains and losses to explain the observed numbers of genes present in a genome; second, ALE, a more recent gene tree-aware method that reconciles gene trees with a species tree using a model of gene duplication, loss and transfer. We compare their merits and their ability to quantify the role of transfers, and assess the impact of taxonomic sampling on their inferences. We present what we believe is compelling evidence that gene transfer plays a significant role in the evolution of fungi.
Data from: Horizontal gene transfer and genome evolution in Methanosarcina
Background: Genomes of Methanosarcina spp. are among the largest archaeal genomes. One suggested reason for that is massive horizontal gene transfer (HGT) from bacteria. Genes of bacterial origin may be involved in the central metabolism and solute transport, in particular sugar synthesis, sulfur metabolism, phosphate metabolism, DNA repair, transport of small molecules etc. Horizontally transferred (HT) genes are considered to play the key role in the ability of Methanosarcina spp. to inhabit diverse environments. At the moment, genomes of three Methanosarcina spp. have been sequenced, and while these genomes vary in length and number of protein-coding genes, they all have been shown to accumulate HT genes. However, previous estimates had been made when fewer archaeal genomes were known. Moreover, several Methanosarcinaceae genomes from other genera have been sequenced recently. Here, we revise the census of genes of bacterial origin in Methanosarcinaceae. Results: About 5 % of Methanosarcina genes have been shown to be horizontally transferred from various bacterial groups to the last common ancestor either of Methanosarcinaceae, or Methanosarcina, or later in the evolution. Simulation of the composition of the NCBI protein non-redundant database for different years demonstrates that the estimates of the HGT rate have decreased drastically since 2002, the year of publication of the first Methanosarcina genome. The phylogenetic distribution of HT gene donors is non-uniform. Most HT genes were transferred from Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, while no HGT events from Actinobacteria to the common ancestor of Methanosarcinaceae were found. About 50 % of HT genes are involved in metabolism. Horizontal transfer of transcription factors is not common, while 46 % of horizontally transferred genes have demonstrated differential expression in a variety of conditions. HGT of complete operons is relatively infrequent and half of HT genes do not belong to operons. Conclusions: While genes of bacterial origin are still more frequent in Methanosarcinaceae than in other Archaea, most HGT events described earlier as Methanosarcina-specific seem to have occurred before the divergence of Methanosarcinaceae. Genes horizontally transferred from bacteria to archaea neither tend to be transferred with their regulators, nor in long operons.
Data for: From exports to value added to income: Accounting for bilateral income transfers
<p><span>The existence of multinational firms and the rise of global value chains</span><span> raise the question how international trade contributes to a country's income. Ownership relations between, for example, headquarters and subsidiaries result in international income transfers. These transfers are ignored in standard trade data. Taking them into account in a global input-output analysis allows us to assess how much income is generated in one country due to the consumption of final products in another country. This provides a new perspective compared to the concept of value-added exports introduced by Johnson and Noguera (2012). For the US, we find that the income generated by foreign consumption is 51% higher than the value added in the US that is generated by foreign consumption. Similar findings hold for other countries as well, but to a lesser extent. The implication is that the current account deficit of the US almost disappears from the income perspective.</span></p>
Data from: Plasmid and clonal interference during post-horizontal gene transfer evolution
Plasmids are nucleic acid molecules that can drive their own replication in a living cell. They can be transmitted horizontally and can thrive in the host cell to high copy numbers. Plasmid replication and gene expression consume cellular resources and cells carrying plasmids incur fitness costs. But many plasmids carry genes that can be beneficial under certain conditions, allowing the cell to endure in the presence of antibiotics, toxins, competitors or parasites. Horizontal transfer of plasmid-encoded genes can thus instantaneously confer differential adaptation to local or transient selection conditions. This conflict between cellular fitness and plasmid spread sets the scene for multilevel selection processes. We have engineered a system to study the short term evolutionary impact of different synonymous versions of a plasmid-encoded antibiotic resistance gene. Applying experimental evolution under different selection conditions and deep sequencing allowed us to show rapid local adaptation to the presence of antibiotic and to the specific version of the resistance gene transferred. We describe the presence of clonal interference at two different levels: at the within-cell level, because a single cell can carry several plasmids, and at the between-cell level, because a bacterial population may contain several clones carrying different plasmids and displaying different fitness in the presence|absence of antibiotic. Understanding the within-cell and between-cell dynamics of plasmids after horizontal gene transfer is essential to unravel the dense network of mobile elements underlying the worldwide threat to public health of antibiotic resistance.
Data from: High suckling rates and acoustic crypsis of humpback whale neonates maximise potential for mother–calf energy transfer
1. The migration of humpback whales to and from their breeding grounds results in a short, critical time period during which neonatal calves must acquire sufficient energy via suckling from their fasting mothers to survive the long return journey. 2. Understanding neonate suckling behaviour is critical for understanding the energetics and evolution of humpback whale migratory behaviour and for informing conservation efforts, but despite its importance, very little is known about the details, rate and behavioural context of this critical energy transfer. 3. To address this pertinent data gap on calf suckling behaviour, we deployed multi-sensor Dtags on eight humpback whale calves and two mothers allowing us to analyse detailed suckling and acoustic behaviour for a total of 68·8 h. 4. Suckling dives were performed 20·7 ± 7% of the total tagging time with the mothers either resting at the surface or at depth with the calves hanging motionless with roll and pitch angles close to zero. 5. Vocalisations between mother and calf, which included very weak tonal and grunting sounds, were produced more frequently during active dives than suckling dives, suggesting that mechanical stimuli rather than acoustic cues are used to initiate nursing. 6. Use of mechanical cues for initiating suckling and low level vocalisations with an active space of <100 m indicate a strong selection pressure for acoustic crypsis. 7. Such inconspicuous behaviour likely reduces the risk of exposure to eavesdropping predators and male humpback whale escorts that may disrupt the high proportion of time spent nursing and resting, and hence ultimately compromise calf fitness. 8. The small active space of the weak calls between mother and calf is very sensitive to increases in ambient noise from human encroachment thereby increasing the risk of mother–calf separation.
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