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opencc-by-4.0Aug 2017View details →

Text-fig. 4. First upper molars of Karnimata fejfari sp. nov. from type locality Y 311, all figured with buccal side upward. a) YGSP 34551, b) 34544, c) 34546 holotype, d) 34548, e) 34540, f) 34547, g) 34554, h) 36162, i) 54126, j) 54127, k) 54147, l) 54153. All at same 1 mm scale, all left M1 except for right h and l. in Early Late Miocene Murine Rodents From The Upper Part Of The Nagri Formation, Siwalik Group, Pakistan, With A New Fossil Calibration Point For The Tribe Apodemurini (Apodemus/Tokudaia)

Text-fig. 4. First upper molars of Karnimata fejfari sp. nov. from type locality Y 311, all figured with buccal side upward. a) YGSP 34551, b) 34544, c) 34546 holotype, d) 34548, e) 34540, f) 34547, g) 34554, h) 36162, i) 54126, j) 54127, k) 54147, l) 54153. All at same 1 mm scale, all left M1 except for right h and l.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2019View details →

Text-fig. 4. Ratio diagrams of total length of p3–m3. Parasorex depereti from BRS 25 (data from Fanfani 1999), Parasorex depereti (data from Crochet 1986), Parasorex ibericus, type locality Otura-1, Spain (Mein and Martín-Suárez 1993), Parasorex pristinus (Ziegler 2003), Apulogalerix pusillus, Gargano (fissure filling F32), Italy (Masini and Fanfani 2013). On the horizontal axis are reported the element of the series, in ordinates the ratio of the average lengths on the standard Parasorex socialis from La Grive, France (data from Masini and Fanfani 2013). in New Light On Parasorex Depereti (Erinaceomorpha: Erinaceidae: Galericini) From The Late Messinian (Mn 13) Of The Monticino Quarry (Brisighella, Faenza, Italy)

Text-fig. 4. Ratio diagrams of total length of p3–m3. Parasorex depereti from BRS 25 (data from Fanfani 1999), Parasorex depereti (data from Crochet 1986), Parasorex ibericus, type locality Otura-1, Spain (Mein and Martín-Suárez 1993), Parasorex pristinus (Ziegler 2003), Apulogalerix pusillus, Gargano (fissure filling F32), Italy (Masini and Fanfani 2013). On the horizontal axis are reported the element of the series, in ordinates the ratio of the average lengths on the standard Parasorex socialis from La Grive, France (data from Masini and Fanfani 2013).

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2017View details →

TYPES: Male holotype from Panama: Panama: Parque Nacional Altos de Campana, 1 hectare PANCODING Inventory, 895 m, 8.68333°, -79.92972°, June 14–19, 2007, M. Arnedo, D. Dimitrov, G. Hormiga, F. Labarque, M. Ramírez, deposited in MIUP, PBI_OON 42313; same data, 1 male paratype deposited in MACN-Ar 29895, PBI_OON 42312. ETYMOLOGY: A noun in apposition; in Greek religion and mythology, Pan is the god of the wild natural world, of shepherds, flocks, and mountains, and of hunting and rustic music. He has hindquarters, legs, and horns of a goat, and the name is here employed to note the large mac- rosetae at the eye region of males that resemble the horns in some illustrations of this god. DIAGNOSIS: This is one of the most autapomor- phic species from the Americas; males have the labium fused with the sternum (fig. 34B), small chelicerae, shorter than the endite length, with anterior blunt projections, and directed backward in lateral view (fig. 34D, E); clypeus directed back- ward (fig. 34D); two light areas on the sternum just below the endites (fig. 34B), carapace almost flat in lateral view and two strong macrosetae at the eye region, pointing forward (fig. 34C–E). Other characters of the male palp, such as the presence of two apophyses, also distinguish this species from others (fig. 38D–F). MALE (PBI_OON 42312): Total length 1.00. Habitus as in figure 34A–C. CEPHALOTHO- RAX: Carapace orange, with brown stripe along in Taxonomic Revision Of The Jumping Goblin Spiders Of The Genus Orchestina Simon, 1882, In The Americas (Araneae: Oonopidae)

TYPES: Male holotype from Panama: Panama: Parque Nacional Altos de Campana, 1 hectare PANCODING Inventory, 895 m, 8.68333°, -79.92972°, June 14–19, 2007, M. Arnedo, D. Dimitrov, G. Hormiga, F. Labarque, M. Ramírez, deposited in MIUP, PBI_OON 42313; same data, 1 male paratype deposited in MACN-Ar 29895, PBI_OON 42312. ETYMOLOGY: A noun in apposition; in Greek religion and mythology, Pan is the god of the wild natural world, of shepherds, flocks, and mountains, and of hunting and rustic music. He has hindquarters, legs, and horns of a goat, and the name is here employed to note the large mac- rosetae at the eye region of males that resemble the horns in some illustrations of this god. DIAGNOSIS: This is one of the most autapomor- phic species from the Americas; males have the labium fused with the sternum (fig. 34B), small chelicerae, shorter than the endite length, with anterior blunt projections, and directed backward in lateral view (fig. 34D, E); clypeus directed back- ward (fig. 34D); two light areas on the sternum just below the endites (fig. 34B), carapace almost flat in lateral view and two strong macrosetae at the eye region, pointing forward (fig. 34C–E). Other characters of the male palp, such as the presence of two apophyses, also distinguish this species from others (fig. 38D–F). MALE (PBI_OON 42312): Total length 1.00. Habitus as in figure 34A–C. CEPHALOTHO- RAX: Carapace orange, with brown stripe along

FIG. 1 in Les types d'oiseaux rapportés du Vietnam, du Laos et du Cambodge par Jean Delacour entre 1923 et 1939

FIG. 1. — Carte de l'ex-Indochine française montrant la situation des principales localités visitées par Delacour et ses collègues, au cours des sept expéditions;, 1e expédition (1923-1924);, 2e expédition (1925-1926);, 3e expédition (1926-1927);

opencc-zeroDec 2007View details →

FIG. 3 in Annotated catalogue of brachyuran type specimens (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) deposited in the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. Part I. Podotremata

FIG. 3. — First page of the handwritten catalogue of Crustacea of Latreille, referenced A 53 1, dated 1814.

FIG. 1 in Redescription of the type species of the genus Polymastia Bowerbank, 1864 (Porifera, Demospongiae, Hadromerida)

FIG. 1. — Polymastia mamillaris (Müller, 1806); drawing of a transversal section of the main body. Abbreviations: p, palisade of ectosomal tylostyles; c, middle collagenous layer; l, tangential layer of intermediary tylostyles; i, free intermediary spicules; e, groups of ectosomal spicules. Scale bar: 170 µm.

FIG. 3 in Redescription of the type species of the genus Polymastia Bowerbank, 1864 (Porifera, Demospongiae, Hadromerida)

FIG. 3. — Polymastia penicillus Montagu, 1818; drawing of a transversal section of the main body. Abbreviations: p, palisade of ectosomal tylostyles; l, tangential layer of intermediary tylostyles; t, longitudinal tracts of principal tylostyles. Scale bar: 170 µm.

FIG. 2. — A-C in Redescription of the type species of the genus Polymastia Bowerbank, 1864 (Porifera, Demospongiae, Hadromerida)

FIG. 2. — A-C, Polymastia penicillus Montagu, 1818; A, ectosomal tylostyles; B, intermediary tylostyles; C, principal tylostyles; D-F, Polymastia mamillaris (Müller, 1806); D, ectosomal tylostyles; E, intermediary tylostyles; F, principal tylostyles. Scale bar: 17 µm.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2013View details →

Figs. 1–2. Habitus. 1. Oedichirus paederinus Erichson, type species. 2 in Revision Of The New World Species Of Oedichirus (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Paederinae: Pinophilini: Procirrina)

Figs. 1–2. Habitus. 1. Oedichirus paederinus Erichson, type species. 2. Oedichirus geniculatus (Sahlberg), first collected and described New World species. Specimens are to the same scale.

opencc-by-4.0May 2007View details →

Figure 2. Pseudonereis anomala Gravier, 1901 syntypes NMHN POLY TYPE 423. A, heterogomph falcigers neuropodium ventral fascicle from chaetiger 37. B, notopodial homogomph falciger from chaetiger 37 in Revision of Pseudonereis (Polychaeta, Nereididae)

Figure 2. Pseudonereis anomala Gravier, 1901 syntypes NMHN POLY TYPE 423. A, heterogomph falcigers neuropodium ventral fascicle from chaetiger 37. B, notopodial homogomph falciger from chaetiger 37.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2006View details →

Figure 9. Unionoida parasitic larval types. A in Palaeoheterodont diversity (Mollusca: Trigonioida + Unionoida): what we know and what we wish we knew about freshwater mussel evolution

Figure 9. Unionoida parasitic larval types. A, Hooked-type glochidium of Alasmidonta marginata (Unioninae). B, Hookedtype glochidium of Triplodon corrugatus (Lamarck, 1819) (Hyriidae). C, Unhooked-type glochidium of Villosa iris (Lampsilini). D, Axe-head-type glochidium of Potamilus alatus (Say, 1817) (Lampsilini). E, Lasidium of Monocondylaea paraguayana (d'Orbigny, 1835) (Mycetopodidae). F, Haustorium-type lasidium of Mutela bourguignati (Bourguignat, 1885) (Iridinidae). A, C, D, redrawn from Baker (1928); B, E, redrawn from Bonetto & Ezcurra (1963); F, re-drawn from Fryer (1961).

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2010View details →

Fig. 1 in Turtle cleaners: reef fishes foraging on epibionts of sea turtles in the tropical Southwestern Atlantic, with a summary of this association type

Fig. 1. Reef fishes cleaning sea turtles' hard and soft parts in the Southwestern Atlantic. A porkfish (Anisotremus virginicus) and a group of blue tangs (Acanthurus coeruleus) feed on epibionts on the shell of a moving hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata); a barely visible doctorfish (Acanthurus chirurgus) nibbles at the posterior portion of the turtle's shell, and two blue tangs nibble at the left hind limb (a). Photo by M. Granville. One Zelinda's parrotfish (Scarus zelindae) and three blue tangs feed on algae growth on the shell of a male loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) near a shipwreck; two Spanish hogfishes (Bodianus rufus) also inspect the turtle (b). Photo by Z. Matheus. Four Spanish hogfish inspect and forage on epibionts on the shell of the same loggerhead turtle; one blue tang and one Zelinda's parrotfish also "escort" the slowly moving turtle (c). Photo by Z. Matheus. A green turtle (Chelonia mydas) remain motionless on the bottom, while a Brazilian blenny (Ophioblennius trinitatis) forages on algae growth on the left lateral portion of the shell; a few smallmouth grunts (Haemulon chrysargyreum) also capitalize upon this situation, and nibble at the turtle's shell (d). Photo by C. Sazima. A sergeant major (Abudefduf saxatilis) nibbles at an algae patch on the anterior part of the shell of a posing and hovering green turtle (e). Photo by Z. Matheus. The herbivorous Rocas damselfish (Stegastes rocasensis) nibbles at the right hind limb of a green turtle posing near algae turfs tended by this damselfish (f). Photo by Z. Matheus.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2009View details →

Fig. 2 in Calcium fluxes in Hoplosternum littorale (tamoatá) exposed to different types of Amazonian waters

Fig. 2. Net Ca2+ fluxes of Hoplosternum littorale transferred from tanks of ion-poor well water to experimental flux chambers containing different Amazonian waters. The first four bars show fluxes measured over the first 2 hours, and the second set of four bars show data for the 2-4 h period after initial transfer. Data expressed as mean ± SEM. Positive values indicate net influxes and negative values net effluxes. Different letters indicate significant differences among groups in the same period of time by Kruskall-Wallis ANOVA and Mann- Whitney test (P <0.05). Asteriks (*) indicate significantly different from the same group at 2 h (P <0.05)

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2009View details →

Fig. 1 in Calcium fluxes in Hoplosternum littorale (tamoatá) exposed to different types of Amazonian waters

Fig. 1. Net Ca2+ fluxes of Hoplosternum littorale exposed to well water as a function of time after transfer from tanks of ion-poor well water. Data expressed as mean ± SEM. Positive values indicate net influxes and negative values net effluxes. AC - after change. Asterisks (*) indicate significantly different from 2 h by Kruskall-Wallis ANOVA and Mann-Whitney test (P <0.05).

dryad40/100

LT-Brazil: A database of leaf traits across biomes and vegetation types in Brazil

Motivation: Leaf traits represent an important component of plant functional strategies, and those related to carbon fixation and nutrient acquisition form the leaf economics spectrum. However, observations of functional leaf traits are underrepresented in tropical regions in comparison with those in temperate areas. Brazil, a country with continental scale and vast biodiversity is a timely example, where many biomes are impacted by human activities and climate change. However, leaf traits relevant to understand vegetation responses to these impacts remain poorly quantified for many species found in the country. We compiled an extensive data set of four functional leaf traits for native woody species occurring in the Brazilian territory. In addition to trait observations, sampling dates and geo-references were compiled and climatic parameters and soil properties of each sampling site were extracted from several databases. Main types of variables contained: The LT-Brazil data set contains 3479, 1216, 775, and 775 clean observations of leaf mass per area, leaf nitrogen (N) concentration per unit mass, leaf phosphorus (P) concentration per unit mass, and leaf N : P ratio, respectively, from native woody species, encompassing information of biome, vegetation, taxonomic data, geographical coordinates, climatic parameters, as well as soil properties. Spatial location and grain: We compiled trait observations from 223 sites under native vegetation distributed in all main biomes (i.e., Amazônia, Caatinga, Cerrado, Mata Atlântica, Pampa, and Pantanal) across the Brazilian territory. Time period and grain: The data represent information published and/or sampled during the last 25 years. Major taxa and level of measurement: Our compilation was focused on trait data observed for native woody species, excluding monocots, palm trees, herbs, and hemiparasitic plants. Thus, 108, 478, and 1321 botanical families, genera, and species were included, covering c. 9% of the woody angiosperm flora of Brazil. Software format: Data are provided as comma-separated value (.csv) files.

opencc-zeroSep 2021View details →

Fig. 8 in Scientific Note Proposal of a Sluice-type Fish Pass

Fig. 8. Expanded geometry, with ramp region for small fish and macrozoobenthos, separated from the mean flow by a baffle (see Fig. 3 for legend).

Fig. 7 in Scientific Note Proposal of a Sluice-type Fish Pass

Fig. 7. Sequence of fish passage, Dt = 0.5 seconds, with piau (Leporinus reinhardti) and lambari (Astyanax bimaculatus).

Fig. 6 in Scientific Note Proposal of a Sluice-type Fish Pass

Fig. 6. Statistical evaluation of the passage of lambari (Astyanax bimaculatus) over time in the laboratory channel, scale 1:5.

Fig. 4. Geometric parameters for the numerical optimization process. a in Scientific Note Proposal of a Sluice-type Fish Pass

Fig. 4. Geometric parameters for the numerical optimization process. a) water level in the pool, b) intermediate wall height c) level difference between the pools, d) opening under the sluice, e) the dimension of the pool and f) position of the wall (see Fig. 3 for legend).

Fig. 5 in Scientific Note Proposal of a Sluice-type Fish Pass

Fig. 5. Vertical section through one pool. Instantaneous velocity distribution with Dh = 0.20 m. Result from a LES simulation with Flow3d® (see Fig. 3 for legend).