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6,175 results for “Composite”
Diversity and composition of macrofungi in different Types of Stands in planted forest Biyang County, central China
<p>Table S1:List and distribution statistics of macrofungi in Biyang County. Table S2: Species Scientific Names and Corresponding Abbreviations.</p>
Trace element composition of drinking water in Almaty
<p>Water is an important component of all life on Earth, and water pollution with heavy metals can lead to detrimental consequences for public health. The purpose of this study was to determine the health risks caused by trace elements present in the drinking water supply systems of Almaty City. As part of this research, the elemental composition of 78 drinking water samples taken in winter, summer, and autumn of 2023 in different areas of the city was studied.Based on the data obtained, drinking water contamination indices were calculated for heavy metal groups, and the degree of water suitability for drinking purposes was assessed for each sampling point.</p>
Рис. 1. Карта-схема сбора материала. Fig. 1. A schematic map of the region studied. in On the species composition of marine bivalves of the Sikhote-Alin Reserve (northern Primorye, Japan/East Sea)
Рис. 1. Карта-схема сбора материала. Fig. 1. A schematic map of the region studied.
Changes in holopelagic Sargassum spp. biomass composition across an unusual year - supporting particle data and analysis source code
<p>As specified in 'Data, Materials, and Software Availability' of Tonon et al. (2024), PNAS, Vol. 121, e2312173121, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2312173121, the following data and software are provided:</p> <p>Particle forward tracking (statistical data – for Fig. 2)</p> <p>Particle backward tracking (primary data – for Fig. 3)</p> <p>Analysis of primary data for gridded particle fractional coverage and mean age (Fortran source code)</p>
Diatom cell-size composition as a novel tool for quantitative estimates of water table in peatlands
<p>Diatom cell-size composition is an indicator of aquatic environmental changes, but has been rarely investigated, especially in semi-terrestrial peatlands. In this study, both taxonomic composition and cell-size composition of diatoms were analyzed in 41 samples from two montane peatlands, northeastern China. Redundancy analyses revealed that diatom taxonomic composition was significantly related to the depth to the water table (DWT) and Ca<sup>2+</sup>, while cell-size composition was significantly associated with DWT and Si. DWT was the most important factor and its sole effect explained 26.2% and 17.9% of the total variance in taxonomic composition and cell-size composition, respectively. Accordingly, diatom-based water-table transfer functions were developed based on taxonomic composition and cell-size composition, respectively. The maximum likelihood (ML) model based on diatom taxonomic composition had the best performance, with the correlation coefficient value (R2) of 0.78 and the root mean squared error of prediction (RMSEP) of 6.66 cm. The ML model based on cell-size composition had similar performance, with the R2 of 0.78 and the RMSEP of 6.87cm, suggesting that diatom cell-size composition can be a new quantitative means to track past water-table changes.</p>
CSRM-derived: A 3-D crustal composition model in continental China
<p>This dataset contains a three-dimensional crustal composition model of the SiO2 content in the crustal bedrocks beneath continental China, derived from the <strong>CSRM-1.0 </strong>(<strong><a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11098135">model link</a></strong>)<strong>. </strong>The spatial resolution of the composition model is <strong>~60</strong> km in the north-south seismic belt and trans-North China Orogen, and <strong>~120</strong> km in the rest of the continental China.<strong> </strong>This composition model results from a project of constructing the high-resolution China Seismological Reference Model (<strong>CSRM-1.0</strong>) in the top 100 km of the crust and uppermost mantle in continental China (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JB029520">Xiao et al, JGR, 2024</a>).</p> <p>本数据库包含了利用 CSRM-1.0(<a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11098135">模型链接</a>)估算的中国大陆区域地壳内不同深度岩石内二氧化硅含量的模型。该模型在南北地震带和华北造山带的分辨率约为 <strong>60</strong> km,在中国大陆的其他区域约为 <strong>120</strong> km。该成分模型源于构建中国大陆区域高精度地壳和上地幔顶部 100 公里三维地震学模型 (<strong>CSRM-1.0</strong>) 的工作 (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JB029520">Xiao et al, JGR, 2024</a>) 。</p>
Supplementary dataset for: Carbonate Clumped Isotope Constraints on Early Triassic NeoTethyan Seawater Oxygen Isotope Compositions and Temperatures
<p><span>The dataset includes data generated for the study titled:</span> <strong><span>Carbonate Clumped Isotope Constraints on Early Triassic NeoTethyan Seawater Oxygen Isotope Compositions and Temperatures</span></strong></p> <p><span>The Excel file includes </span></p> <ol> <li><span>Clumped isotope data for analyzed brachiopod calcites, bulk rock micrite, as well as analytical standards (Tables S1 and S2).</span></li> <li><span>Rare Earth element concentration data for brachiopod samples analyzed (Table S3)</span></li> <li><span>Element/Ca ratios for analyzed samples (Table S4).</span></li> </ol> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Virus – calcium carbonate composites: Possible mechanisms of bacteriophage-induced vaterite formation - Dataset
<p>Raw data (optical microscopy, electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction) from carbonate precipitation experiments in the presence of bacterial viruses.</p>
Forest structure and heterogeneity increase diversity and alter the composition of host-parasitoid networks
<p>Antagonistic host-parasitoid interactions can be quantified using bipartite and meta networks, which have the potential to reveal how habitat structural elements relate to this important ecosystem function. Here, we analysed the host-parasitoid interactions of cavity-nesting bees and wasps, as well as their abundance, diversity, and species richness with forest structural elements from 127 forest research plots in southwestern Germany. We found that parasitoid abundance, diversity, and species richness all increase with host abundance, a potential mediator between parasitoids and forest structure. Both parasitoid abundance and diversity increased with stand structural complexity, possibly mediated by the abundance of hosts. Additionally, parasitoid abundance increased with increasing standing deadwood and herb cover. The bipartite networks of host-parasitoid interactions showed higher connectance with increasing standing deadwood, herb cover, and host abundance. Analyses of interactions within the host-parasitoid metanetwork revealed that increasing host abundance and decreasing canopy cover diversify the suites of interactions present at the plot level. These results demonstrate that forest structural elements can improve the stability and resilience of host-parasitoid networks by promoting parasitoids and diversifying interactions in ecological networks.</p>
Long-term changes in taxonomic and functional composition of European marine fish communities
<p>Evidence of large-scale biodiversity degradation in marine ecosystems has been reported worldwide, yet most research has focused on few species of interest or on limited spatiotemporal scales. Here we assessed the spatial and temporal changes in the taxonomic and functional composition of fish communities in European seas over the last 25 years (1994-2019). We then explored how these community changes were linked to environmental gradients and fishing pressure. We show that the spatial variation in fish species composition is more than two times higher than the temporal variation, with a marked spatial continuum in taxonomic composition and a more homogenous pattern in functional composition. The regions warming the fastest are experiencing an increasing dominance and total abundance of r-strategy fish species (lower age of maturity). Conversely, regions warming more slowly show an increasing dominance and total abundance of K-strategy species (high trophic level and late reproduction). Among the considered environmental variables, sea surface temperature, surface salinity, and chlorophyll-a most consistently influenced communities' spatial patterns, while bottom temperature and oxygen had the most consistent influence on temporal patterns. Changes in communities' functional composition were more closely related to environmental conditions than taxonomic changes. Our study demonstrates the importance of integrating community-level species traits across multi-decadal scales and across a large region to better capture and understand ecosystem-wide responses and provides a different lens on community dynamics that could be used to support sustainable fisheries management.</p>
High temperature properties incuding creep, creep crack growth rate and thermal fatigue linked with chemical composition of alloys derived from 1.4848 refractory stainless steels
<p>The following set of data results from cast alloys modifying chemical composition taking as reference 1.4848 alloy and getting sound samples that have been tested to calculate creep, creep crack growth rate and thermal fatigue data. </p>
Dataset for publication "Composite MAX phase/MXene/Ni electrodes with a porous 3D structure for hydrogen evolution and energy storage application
<p>Dataset for publication "Composite MAX phase/MXene/Ni electrodes with a porous 3D structure for hydrogen evolution and energy storage application". The dataset contains relevant data and figures from the publication. Description on how to work with the dataset is given in the readme file. DOI for the original paper: DOI <a title="Link to landing page via DOI" href="https://doi.org/10.1039/D3RA07335A">https://doi.org/10.1039/D3RA07335A</a>.</p>
Integrating pigment and fatty acid profiles for enhanced estimation of seston community composition
<p>Climate change, nutrition pollution, and land use alterations influence the primary production of lakes. While light-microscopy counting remains the standard for estimating phytoplankton community composition, its expense and time-consuming nature necessitate cost-effective alternatives for seston analysis. Furthermore, estimating the contribution of seston constituents other than primary producers, or non-algal particles, is not possible with light-microscopy counting. Biotracer approach using computational methods and chemotaxonomic biomarkers such as carotenoid pigments and fatty acids have been utilised as an alternative in seston analysis when species-level taxonomy is not required. However, a comprehensive testing of how well carotenoid and fatty acids can be utilised in estimating a wide range of seston phytoplankton communities using different estimation methods is lacking. To assess the accuracy of a suite of state-of-the-art biotracer-based computational methods, namely CHEMTAX, FASTAR (Fatty Acid Source-Tracking Algorithm in R), MixSIAR, and QFASA (Quantitative Fatty Acid Signature Analysis), lake water samples were collected in 2016, 2018, 2019, 2020, and 2021 for seston composition analysis in a boreal eutrophic lake with light-microscopy counting serving as the reference for seston composition. Absolute errors between the biotracer-based estimates were calculated to evaluate method performance. A small laboratory experiment to assess the reliability of estimating the contribution of non-algal particles using the computational methods with fatty acids was also conducted. The closest alignment to light-microscopy counting in terms of absolute error was achieved when both carotenoids and fatty acids were utilised together in the QFASA method. For CHEMTAX, FASTAR, and MixSIAR utilising carotenoids alone produced the closest results. Additionally, the estimation methods accurately assessed the proportion of non-algal particles in the seston when utilising fatty acid profiles, a capability not possible with light-microscopy counting. Our findings demonstrate that the biotracer approach provides a viable and cost-effective alternative to light-microscopy counting when group-level information of phytoplankton community composition suffices. Furthermore, we show that non-algal particles can be effectively estimated together with phytoplankton when utilising fatty acids.</p>
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) detached from polycarbonate (PC) composites
<p>Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) detached from polycarbonate (PC) composites to determine the MWCNT length distribution. Two sample series of TEM images are included. One based on PC type Makrolon® 2600 and one based on PC type Lexan 141R. The TEM images were taken by Mrs Manuela Heber and the measurement of the MWCNT lengths was carried out by Mrs Manuela Heber and <a href="https://www.ipfdd.de/en/organization/organization-chart/personal-homepages/dr-beate-krause/">Mrs. Dr. Beate Krause</a> (both members of Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. (<a href="https://www.ipfdd.de/en/home/">IPF</a>)).</p> <p><br>The results of these measurements are presented in the following publication: </p> <p>Petra Pötschke, Tobias Villmow, Beate Krause and Bernd Kretzschmar,<sup> </sup>Influence of Twin-screw Extrusion Conditions on MWCNT Length and Dispersion and Resulting Electrical and Mechanical Properties of Polycarbonate Composites, <strong>polymers </strong>2024, 16(19), 2694. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16192694">https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16192694</a></p>
Biochemical and biophysical drivers of the hydrogen isotopic composition of carbohydrates and acetogenic lipids
<p>The hydrogen isotopic composition (δ2H) of plant compounds is increasingly used as a hydro-climatic proxy, however, the interpretation of δ2H values is hampered by potential co-effecting biochemical and biophysical processes. Here, we studied δ2H values of water and carbohydrates in leaves and roots, and of leaf n-alkanes, in two distinct tobacco (Nicotiana sylvestris) experiments. Large differences in plant performance and biochemistry resulted from (a) soil fertilization with varying nitrogen (N) species ratios and (b) knockout-induced starch deficiency. We observed a strong 2H-enrichment in sugars and starch with a decreasing performance induced by increasing NO3-/NH4+ ratios and starch deficiency, and from leaves to roots. However, δ2H values of cellulose and n-alkanes were less affected. We show that relative concentrations of sugars and starch, interlinked with leaf gas-exchange, shape δ2H values of carbohydrates. We thus provide novel insights into drivers of hydrogen isotopic composition of plant compounds and the mechanistic modelling of plant cellulose δ2H values.</p>
Nitrogen in the Orgueil meteorite: abundant ammonium among other reservoirs of variable isotopic compositions
<p>These data are relative to the paper</p> <p>"Nitrogen in the Orgueil meteorite: abundant ammonium among other reservoirs of variable isotopic compositions"</p> <p>The dataset consists in 20 Excel files that represent the data presented in the Figures and Tables of this paper.</p> <p>Note:</p> <ul> <li>Data from Table S5 of the paper were obtained from the data shown in Table S1, whose data file is provided here</li> <li>Data from Table S6 of the paper were obtained from the data shown in Figure S5, whose data file is provided here</li> </ul>
Data from: Environmental conditions differently shape leaf, seed and seedling trait composition between and within elevations of tropical montane forests
<p>The composition of plant functional traits varies in response to environmental conditions due to processes of community assembly and species sorting. However, there is a lack of understanding of how plant trait composition responds to environmental conditions at different spatial scales and across the plant life cycle. We investigated the trait composition of leaves (specific leaf area), seeds (seed mass) and seedlings (initial seedling height) across elevations and within elevations in relation to soil and light conditions in a tropical montane forest in southern Ecuador. We surveyed traits and communities of adult trees, seeds and seedlings on nine plots at three elevations (1000-3000 m a.s.l.) and calculated community-weighted mean trait values to analyse trait variation across and within elevations. In addition, we measured two environmental factors (soil C/N ratio and canopy openness) to quantify local-scale variation in environmental conditions within elevations. We found that community-weighted means of specific leaf area, seed mass and initial seedling height decreased consistently with increasing elevation. Within elevations, mean trait values of trees, seeds and seedlings responded differently to local-scale environmental conditions. Specific leaf area decreased with increasing soil C/N ratio, and initial seedling height decreased with increasing canopy openness. Seed mass was associated neither with soil nor with light conditions. Our findings show that broad-scale and local-scale processes differently shape the composition of leaf, seed and seedling traits in tropical forests, indicating a scale-dependence in trait-environment associations. Furthermore, plant traits corresponding to different life stages were related differently to environmental conditions within elevations. Community assembly processes may therefore lead to differences in species sorting at early and late plant life stages.</p>
Oral microbiota composition and its relationship with epidemiological, clinical and microbiological variables of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and adults under strict home confinement in Barcelona, Spain
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Fig. 1 in Abundance and composition of coprophagous Scarabaeidae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) in the developmental cycle of pine stands in Człuchów Forest (NW Poland)
Fig. 1. Location of Człuchów Forest within the territory of Poland
Figure 1 in Preliminary assessment of community composition and phylogeographic relationships of the birds of the Meratus Mountains, south-east Borneo, Indonesia
Figure 1. Map of Borneo showing the location of the Meratus and other mountain ranges.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.