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Figure 8 from: Moreira G, Brito R, Gonçalves G, Vargas H (2013) A new Brazilian Passiflora leafminer: Spinivalva gaucha, gen. n., sp. n. (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae, Gracillariinae), the first gracillariid without a sap-feeding instar. ZooKeys 291: 1-26. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.291.4910
Figure 8 - Scanning electron micrographs of Spinivalva gaucha fifth larval instar: A head and prothorax, general, dorsal view B antenna, dorsal view C stemmata (open arrow indicates sixth stemma), lateral view D head and prothorax, general, ventral view E labium, ventral view F maxilla, lateral view G spinneret, lateral view H left side of prothoracic shield, dorsal view I prothoracic spiracle, lateral view J prothoracic leg, postero-lateral view K pseudopodium on A4, antero-lateral view L crochets of pseudopodium A4 in detail. Scale bars = 200, 25, 25, 200, 20, 20, 20, 75, 10, 25, 75, 10 µm, respectively.
Figure 5 from: Moreira G, Brito R, Gonçalves G, Vargas H (2013) A new Brazilian Passiflora leafminer: Spinivalva gaucha, gen. n., sp. n. (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae, Gracillariinae), the first gracillariid without a sap-feeding instar. ZooKeys 291: 1-26. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.291.4910
Figure 5 - Larval and pupal morphology of Spinivalva gaucha under light microscopy: A first larval instar, dorsal and ventral views B fifth larval instar, dorsal and ventral views C–E pupa, dorsal, ventral and lateral views, respectively. Scale bars = 50 µm; 0.5, 0.5 mm, respectively.
Figure 6 from: Moreira G, Brito R, Gonçalves G, Vargas H (2013) A new Brazilian Passiflora leafminer: Spinivalva gaucha, gen. n., sp. n. (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae, Gracillariinae), the first gracillariid without a sap-feeding instar. ZooKeys 291: 1-26. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.291.4910
Figure 6 - Scanning electron micrographs of Spinivalva gaucha first larval instar: A head, general, dorso-lateral view B mandible, dorsal view C antenna, lateral view D spinneret, lateral view; seta indicates hypopharyngeal papillae E maxilla (asterisk), lateral view F labial palpi. Scale bars = 20, 5, 5, 5, 3, 1 µm, respectively.
Figure 11 from: Moreira G, Brito R, Gonçalves G, Vargas H (2013) A new Brazilian Passiflora leafminer: Spinivalva gaucha, gen. n., sp. n. (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae, Gracillariinae), the first gracillariid without a sap-feeding instar. ZooKeys 291: 1-26. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.291.4910
Figure 11 - Diaphanized portion and histological sections of a Passiflora actinia leaf, showing through transparency the organization levels ofa Spinivalva gaucha mine in relation to larval ontogeny: A general aspect of the mine, containing a last-instar larva; Roman numerals indicate larval instar numbers and corresponding positions of head capsules in the mine; closed arrow indicates the beginning of the mine B detail of head capsule shed by the fourth-instar larva (bar indicates position used for measurement of head-capsule width) C transverse section of serpentine portion of the mine (location indicated by the horizontal dashed line in A) D transverse section of blotch portion of the mine (location indicated by the vertical dashed line in A) E transverse section of intact portion of leaf lamina (indicated by left arrow in D) F transverse section of mined portion of leaf lamina (indicated by right arrow in D). Ab abaxial surface of epidermis; Ad adaxial surface of epidermis; Lm leaf mine; Pp palisade parenchyma; Sp spongy parenchyma. Scale bars =1.5, 0.15, 2.0, 3.0 mm; 500, 600 µm, respectively.
Figure 3 from: Moreira G, Brito R, Gonçalves G, Vargas H (2013) A new Brazilian Passiflora leafminer: Spinivalva gaucha, gen. n., sp. n. (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae, Gracillariinae), the first gracillariid without a sap-feeding instar. ZooKeys 291: 1-26. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.291.4910
Figure 3 - Genital morphology of Spinivalva gaucha under light microscopy:A male genitalia, ventral view (aedeagus omitted; open arrow indicates gnathal lobe) B aedeagus, lateral view C male right valve, median view D units of the coremata anterior pair, ventral view (open and closed arrows indicate tubular pouch and hair pencil, respectively) E female genitalia, lateral view. Scale bar = 0.2 mm.
Figure 2 from: Moreira G, Brito R, Gonçalves G, Vargas H (2013) A new Brazilian Passiflora leafminer: Spinivalva gaucha, gen. n., sp. n. (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae, Gracillariinae), the first gracillariid without a sap-feeding instar. ZooKeys 291: 1-26. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.291.4910
Figure 2 - Spinivalva gaucha adult morphology: A head, anterior view B fore- and hind-wing venation C detail of retinaculum D detail of basal frenulum (open arrow) and more distal pseudofrenulum (closed arrow). Scale bars = 0.2, 0.5 mm; 50, 100 µm, respectively.
Figure 12 from: Moreira G, Brito R, Gonçalves G, Vargas H (2013) A new Brazilian Passiflora leafminer: Spinivalva gaucha, gen. n., sp. n. (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae, Gracillariinae), the first gracillariid without a sap-feeding instar. ZooKeys 291: 1-26. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.291.4910
Figure 12 - Bayesian consensus phylogeny of Spinivalva. A unrooted tree based on 1.5 Kb bp of the mitochondrial genes cytochrome oxidase c subunit I, tRNA-Leu and cytochrome oxidase c subunit II. Specimens from three different localities (termed Populations 1, 2 and 3; see Material and Methods for details), field-collected from different host plants (Passiflora suberosa [ ], Passiflora misera [] and Passiflora actinia []) were analyzed. Numbers indicate raw branch lengths B phylogenetic relationships of Spinivalva within the Parectopa group of gracillariids (sensu Kawahara et al. 2011), based on 610 bp of the barcoding region (cytochrome oxidase c subunit I gene). Numbers above branch indicate node support (posterior probability); those located below represent the raw branch length. A species of Bucculatricidae (Bucculatrix ulmella) was used to root the tree.
Figure 10 from: Moreira G, Brito R, Gonçalves G, Vargas H (2013) A new Brazilian Passiflora leafminer: Spinivalva gaucha, gen. n., sp. n. (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae, Gracillariinae), the first gracillariid without a sap-feeding instar. ZooKeys 291: 1-26. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.291.4910
Figure 10 - Life history of Spinivalva gaucha: A Passiflora actnia shoot at the type locality B Spinivalva gaucha mine on upper leaf surface (leaf marked with an asterisk in A; open and closed arrows indicate respectively the beginning of a mine and a last-instar larva visible through transparent blotch section of the mine); C chorion of empty egg on lower surface D first-instar larva (indicated by closed arrow) visible through transparent serpentine section of a young mine (open arrow indicates the beginning of the mine on the upper leaf surface) E initial portion of blotch section in detail, showing frass and damage to leaf parenchyma left by last-instar larva within the mine F fourth-instar larva in the mine G exit hole (arrow) used by a last-instar larva to leave the mine H last-instar larva after changing color, building the cocoon outside the mine on the leaf surface I cocoon, with pupa visible through transparency J pupa in detail, after removing the cocoon K pupal exuvium protruding from the cocoon exit hole onto plastic substrate, just after the adult emergence. Scale bars = 20, 10, 0.2, 1.5, 1, 0.5, 0.5, 2, 2, 1, 2 mm, respectively.
Figure 4 from: Moreira G, Brito R, Gonçalves G, Vargas H (2013) A new Brazilian Passiflora leafminer: Spinivalva gaucha, gen. n., sp. n. (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae, Gracillariinae), the first gracillariid without a sap-feeding instar. ZooKeys 291: 1-26. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.291.4910
Figure 4 - Genital morphology of Spinivalva gaucha under scanning electron microscopy:A male valvae (scales partly removed), showing saccular processes in crossed position and aedeagus (indicated by arrow), ventral view B setae of costa valvular in detail (open arrow indicates distal portion of saccular process), median view C female papilla annalis in detail, latero-dorsal view D saccular processes in detail (squared area in A; asterisk indicates distal sensillum of the right process) E caudal portion of aedeagus, showing terminal spine (indicated by closed arrow) and vesica (indicated by asterisk), lateral view F female ostium bursae, ventral view. Scale bars = 50, 25, 20, 10, 25, 50 µm, respectively.
Figure 7 from: Moreira G, Brito R, Gonçalves G, Vargas H (2013) A new Brazilian Passiflora leafminer: Spinivalva gaucha, gen. n., sp. n. (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae, Gracillariinae), the first gracillariid without a sap-feeding instar. ZooKeys 291: 1-26. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.291.4910
Figure 7 - Scanning electron micrographs of Spinivalva gaucha third larval instar: A head, general, ventral view B labrum, ventral view C labium, ventral view (asterisk indicates the spinneret) D head, general, dorso-lateral view E antenna, antero-ventral view F left side of prothoracic shield, dorsal view. Scale bars = 75, 15, 15, 50, 10, 75 µm, respectively.
Figure 9 from: Moreira G, Brito R, Gonçalves G, Vargas H (2013) A new Brazilian Passiflora leafminer: Spinivalva gaucha, gen. n., sp. n. (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae, Gracillariinae), the first gracillariid without a sap-feeding instar. ZooKeys 291: 1-26. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.291.4910
Figure 9 - Scanning electron micrographs of Spinivalva gaucha pupalcocoon and pupa: A weaving pattern of the pupal cocoon upper surface B ornamental bubble (asterisk indicates a covered slit, used by the larva to attach the bubble on outside of the cocoon surface) C bubble surface in detail D head, ventral view E–F cocoon-cutter, ventral and lateral views, respectively G abdominal segments, dorsal view H abdominal segment A3 (detail of area marked with a rectangle in G; open arrow indicates spiracle) I setae and microtrichia occurring on central portion of A1-A7 J–K last abdominal segments, dorsal and ventro-posterior views, respectively L spine of last abdominal segment (detail of squared area marked in K). Scale bars = 20, 75, 5, 150, 50, 50, 200, 50, 10, 75, 75, 10 µm, respectively.
Figure 1 from: Moreira G, Brito R, Gonçalves G, Vargas H (2013) A new Brazilian Passiflora leafminer: Spinivalva gaucha, gen. n., sp. n. (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae, Gracillariinae), the first gracillariid without a sap-feeding instar. ZooKeys 291: 1-26. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.291.4910
Figure 1 - Spinivalva gaucha adult, dorsal view: A wings spread, pinned, dorsal view B wings folded, on Passiflora actinia leaf. Scale bars = 1.0 mm.
Figure 8 from: Smith A, Dornburg R, Wheeler Q (2014) Larvae of the genus Eleodes (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae): matrix-based descriptions, cladistic analysis, and key to late instars. ZooKeys 415: 217-268. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.415.5887
Figure 8 - Eleodes (Melaneleodes) anthracinus, epipharnyx. asp = anterior spines, msp = medial spines, mst = microsetae, pap = sensory papillae, tor = tormae. Scale bar = 1 mm.
Figure 9 from: Smith A, Dornburg R, Wheeler Q (2014) Larvae of the genus Eleodes (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae): matrix-based descriptions, cladistic analysis, and key to late instars. ZooKeys 415: 217-268. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.415.5887
Figure 9 - Epipharynges of four Eleodes species: A Eleodes (Melaneleodes) carbonarius B Eleodes (Eleodes) armatus C Eleodes (Eleodes) hispilabris D Eleodes (Eleodes) tribulus. Scale bars = 1 mm.
Figure 7 from: Smith A, Dornburg R, Wheeler Q (2014) Larvae of the genus Eleodes (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae): matrix-based descriptions, cladistic analysis, and key to late instars. ZooKeys 415: 217-268. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.415.5887
Figure 7 - Lateral habitus of the head and thoracic segments of three Eleodes species: A Eleodes (Melaneleodes) anthracinus B Eleodes (Litheleodes) extricatus C Eleodes (Promus) subnitens. Scale bar = 5 mm.
Figure 3 from: Smith A, Dornburg R, Wheeler Q (2014) Larvae of the genus Eleodes (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae): matrix-based descriptions, cladistic analysis, and key to late instars. ZooKeys 415: 217-268. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.415.5887
Figure 3 - Dorsal habitus of four Eleodes species: A Eleodes (Litheleodes) extricatus B Eleodes (Melaneleodes) anthracinus C Eleodes (Melaneleodes) carbonarius D Eleodes (Tricheleodes) pilosus. Scale bar = 5 mm.
Figure 4 from: Smith A, Dornburg R, Wheeler Q (2014) Larvae of the genus Eleodes (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae): matrix-based descriptions, cladistic analysis, and key to late instars. ZooKeys 415: 217-268. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.415.5887
Figure 4 - Lateral habitus of three Eleodes species: A Eleodes (Blapylis) nigropilosus B Eleodes (Caverneleodes) wheeleri C Eleodes (Eleodes) armatus. Scale bar = 5 mm.
Figure 2 from: Smith A, Dornburg R, Wheeler Q (2014) Larvae of the genus Eleodes (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae): matrix-based descriptions, cladistic analysis, and key to late instars. ZooKeys 415: 217-268. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.415.5887
Figure 2 - Dorsal habitus of four Eleodes species: A Eleodes (Caverneleodes) wheeleri; B Eleodes (Eleodes) armatus C Eleodes (Eleodes) caudiferus D Eleodes (Eleodes) tribulus. Scale bar = 5 mm.
Figure 5 from: Smith A, Dornburg R, Wheeler Q (2014) Larvae of the genus Eleodes (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae): matrix-based descriptions, cladistic analysis, and key to late instars. ZooKeys 415: 217-268. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.415.5887
Figure 5 - Lateral habitus of three Eleodes species: A Eleodes (Eleodes) caudiferus B Eleodes (Eleodes) tribulus C Eleodes (Litheleodes) extricatus. Scale bar = 5 mm.
Figure 13 from: Smith A, Dornburg R, Wheeler Q (2014) Larvae of the genus Eleodes (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae): matrix-based descriptions, cladistic analysis, and key to late instars. ZooKeys 415: 217-268. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.415.5887
Figure 13 - Abdominal sternites I and II for two Eleodes species: A Eleodes (Eleodes) caudiferus B Eleodes (Litheleodes) extricatus. Scale bars = 1 mm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.