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Fig. 7 in Icosiella Neglecta (Nematoda, Onchocercidae) In Ukraine: Occurrence, Hosts, Morphological And Molecular Characterisation
Fig. 7. UPGMA analysis based on 90 COI sequences of Icosiella neglecta from different localities. One sequence obtained in the present study, two sequences retrieved from Genbank (accession numbers KP760138 and KP760189) and 87 retrieved from the supplementary file to Mikulíček et al. (2021) following the original numbers.
Fig. 3 in Icosiella Neglecta (Nematoda, Onchocercidae) In Ukraine: Occurrence, Hosts, Morphological And Molecular Characterisation
Fig. 3. Apical morphology of Icosiella neglecta: A — scanning electron microscopy of apical extremity; B — en face view of apical extremity; C — oral opening (arrow); D — cuticularised ring between oral opening and oesophagus (arrow); E — entrance to oesophageal lumen (arrow); F — amphidial opening (arrow); s — apical spikes, p — papillae, a — amphid.
Fig. 6 in Icosiella Neglecta (Nematoda, Onchocercidae) In Ukraine: Occurrence, Hosts, Morphological And Molecular Characterisation
Fig. 6. Males of Icosiella neglecta: A — general view; B — anterior part of body, left lateral view; C — posterior part of body, right lateral view; D — posterior part of body, ventral view; E — posterior end with shorter spicule on the right side of body, right lateral view; F — posterior end with shorter spicule on the left side of body, left lateral view; oe-ij — oesophago-intestinal junction, ed — ejaculatory duct.
Fig. 5 in Icosiella Neglecta (Nematoda, Onchocercidae) In Ukraine: Occurrence, Hosts, Morphological And Molecular Characterisation
Fig. 5. Females (A–E) and microfilariae (F) of Icosiella neglecta: A — anterior part of body, right lateral view; B — posterior part of body, left lateral view; C — proximal end of ovary (ov) in posterior part of body; D — region of vulva, right lateral view; E — posterior end of body, left lateral view; F — microfilariae from ovejector; moe — muscular oesophagus, nr — nerve-ring, goe — glandular oesophagus, v — vulva, oj — ovejector, sr — seminal receptacle, vv — vagina vera, vu — vagina uterina, r — rectum, a — anus.
Whole blood RNA-seq demonstrates an increased host immune response in individuals with cystic fibrosis who develop nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease
<p><strong>Background </strong></p> <p>Individuals with cystic fibrosis have an elevated lifetime risk of colonization, infection, and disease caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria. A prior study involving non-cystic fibrosis individuals reported a gene expression signature associated with susceptibility to nontuberculous mycobacteria pulmonary disease (NTM-PD). In this study, we determined whether people living with cystic fibrosis who progress to NTM-PD have a gene expression pattern similar to the one seen in the non-cystic fibrosis population. <strong> </strong></p> <p><strong>Methods</strong></p> <p>We evaluated whole blood transcriptomics using bulk RNA-seq in a cohort of cystic fibrosis patients with samples collected closest in timing to the first isolation of nontuberculous mycobacteria. The study population included patients who did (n = 12) and did not (n = 30) develop NTM-PD following the first mycobacterial growth. Progression to NTM-PD was defined by a consensus of two expert clinicians based on reviewing clinical, microbiological, and radiological information. Differential gene expression was determined by DESeq2.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong></p> <p>No differences in demographics or composition of white blood cell populations between groups were identified at baseline. Out of 213 genes associated with NTM-PD in the non-CF population, only two were significantly different in our cystic fibrosis NTM-PD cohort. Gene set enrichment analysis of the differential expression results showed that CF individuals who developed NTM-PD had higher expression levels of genes involved in the interferon (α and γ), tumor necrosis factor, and IL6-STAT3-JAK pathways. <strong> </strong></p> <p><strong>Conclusion</strong></p> <p>In contrast to the non-cystic fibrosis population, the gene expression signature of patients with cystic fibrosis who develop NTM-PD is characterized by increased innate immune responses.</p>
Scolytinae former Cryphalini host plant dataset
<p>The present database includes all Coriacephilini, Corthylini, Ernoporini, Trypophloeini, Xyloctonini, and Xyloterini species known and described prior to February 28th 2023 and their relative host plants.</p>
Effect of host-switching on the ecological and evolutionary patterns of parasites
<p>Speciation via host-switching is a macroevolutionary process that emerges from a microevolutionary dynamic where individual parasites switch hosts, establish a new association, and reduce reproductive contact with the original parasite lineage. Phylogenetic distance and geographic distribution of the hosts have been shown to be determinants of the capacity and opportunity of the parasite to change hosts. Although speciation via host-switching has been reported in many host-parasite systems, its dynamic on the individual, population and community levels is poorly understood. Here we propose a theoretical model to simulate parasite evolution considering host-switching events on the microevolutionary scale, taking into account the macroevolutionary history of the hosts, to evaluate how host-switching can affect ecological and evolutionary patterns of parasites in empirical communities at regional and local scales. In the model, parasite individuals can switch hosts under variable intensity and have their evolution driven by mutation and genetic drift. Mating is sexual and only individuals that are sufficiently similar can produce offspring. We assumed that parasite evolution occurs at the same evolutionary time scale as their hosts and that the intensity of host-switching decreases as the host species differentiate. Ecological and evolutionary patterns were characterised by the turnover of parasite species among host species, and parasite evolutionary tree imbalance respectively. We found a range of host-switching intensity that reproduces ecological and evolutionary patterns observed in empirical communities. Our results showed that turnover decreased as host-switching intensity increased, with low variation among the model replications. On the other hand, tree imbalance showed wide variation and non-monotonic tendency. We concluded that tree imbalance was sensitive to stochastic events, whereas turnover may be a good indicator of host-switching. We found that local communities corresponded to higher host-switching intensity when compared to regional communities, highlighting that spatial scale is a limitation for host-switching.</p>
Sexual recombination and temporal gene flow maintain host resistance and genetic diversity
<p>Infectious disease can threaten host populations. Hosts can rapidly evolve resistance during epidemics, with this evolution often modulated by fitness trade-offs (e.g., between resistance and fecundity). However, many organisms switch between asexual and sexual reproduction, and this shift in reproductive strategy can also alter how resistance in host populations persists through time. Recombination can shuffle alleles selected for during an asexual phase, uncoupling the combinations of alleles that facilitated resistance to parasites and altering the distribution of resistance phenotypes in populations. Furthermore, in host species that produce diapausing propagules (e.g., seeds, spores, or resting eggs) after sex, accumulation of propagules into and gene flow out of a germ bank introduce allele combinations from past populations. Thus, recombination and gene flow might shift populations away from the trait distribution reached after selection by parasites. To understand how recombination and gene flow alter host population resistance, we tracked the genotypic diversity and resistance distributions of two wild populations of cyclical parthenogens. In one population, resistance and genetic diversity increased after recombination whereas, in the other, recombination did not shift already high resistance and genetic diversity. In both lakes, resistance remained high after temporal gene flow. This observation surprised us: due to costs to resistance imposed by a fecundity-resistance trade-off, we expected that high population resistance would be a transient state that would be eroded through time by recombination and gene flow. Instead, low resistance was the transient state, while recombination and gene flow re-established or maintained high resistance to this virulent parasite. We propose this outcome may have been driven by the joint influence of fitness trade-offs, genetic slippage after recombination, and temporal gene flow via the egg bank.</p>
Figure 2 in New records of Gigantolaelaps wolffsohni (Mesostigmata: Laelapidae) in Chile, an ectoparasite of Oligoryzomys longicaudatus (Rodentia: Cricetidae): ecological aspects and relation to body size and sex of their host
Figure 2 Larva of Gigantolaelaps wolffsohni from NP Chiloé, Chile. A. Full body of larvaeG. wolffsohni (10x). B. Zoom to gnathosoma of larvae G. wolffsohni (40x).
Figure 1 Localities where G in New records of Gigantolaelaps wolffsohni (Mesostigmata: Laelapidae) in Chile, an ectoparasite of Oligoryzomys longicaudatus (Rodentia: Cricetidae): ecological aspects and relation to body size and sex of their host
Figure 1 Localities where G. wolffsohni were found and ecoregions in Chile. 1. National Park (NP) Bosque Fray Jorge; 2. NP Las Chinchillas; 3. National Reserve (NR) Lago Peñuelas; 4. NP La Campana; 5. Sierras de Bellavista; 6. Termas del Flaco; 7. NR Altos de Lircay; 8. Parque Inglés; 9. Quilmo; 10. NP Nonguén; 11. Santa Elena; 12. NP Laguna del Laja; 13. NP Nahuelbuta; 14. Angol; 15. Bosque San Martín experimental station; 16. Gorbea; 17. Puyehue; 18. Hornopirén; 19. NP Chiloé; 20. NP Patagonia; 21. NP Tamango. All localities represent a new distributional record except the locality number 10 and 19. Yellow: Mediterranean ecoregion, green: Template Forest ecoregion, blue: Magellanic ecoregion.
Fig.3 in A global phylogeny of butterflies reveals their evolutionary history, ancestral hosts and biogeographic origins
Fig.3 | Relativemeandispersalratesofbutterfliesbetweenbioregions. Numbersbesideeacharrowareaverageratesfrom 1,000 simulationsusing biogeographicstochasticmappingin BioGeoBEARS. Thesenumbersweredividedby 100 foreaseof comparison (rawvaluescanbefoundin Supplementary Data 5). E., Eastern;W., Western.
Fig. 1 in A global phylogeny of butterflies reveals their evolutionary history, ancestral hosts and biogeographic origins
Fig. 1 | Evolutionaryrelationshipsanddiversificationpatternsofbutterflies. Time-calibratedtreeof 2,244 butterflyspeciesbasedon 391 loci and 150 amino acidpartitions.Branchesshowdistinctchangesindiversification (circles) asestimatedbyclade-specificmodels.Lettersatnodesrefertocladeswith significantrateshifts (seesection 6 of Supplementary Results).Colouredlines intheouterringbesidetipsindicateassociationwithoneof the 13 hostmodules (seesection 17 of Extended Online Methods).Blacklinesinthehostassociation ringindicatespecieswithoutdata,andasterisksdenotenon-monophyletic subfamilies.Supplementary Fig. 1 showsthistreewithvisiblespeciesnamesand agesforallnodes.
Fig. 2 in A global phylogeny of butterflies reveals their evolutionary history, ancestral hosts and biogeographic origins
Fig. 2 | Distributionofbutterfliesovertime. Bioregionshadingindicatesthenumberofbutterflylineagesthatwereassociatedwiththatbioregionduringthattime period,asdeterminedby BioGeoBEARSancestralstatereconstruction.Eachmapcorrespondstoa 15-Maintervalofbutterfly evolution.Resultsarebasedon data fromthisstudy.
Phyloseq 16S v3v4 object accompanying paper: Host genotype affects endotoxin release in excreta of broilers at slaughter age
<p>This ready to load <strong>phyloseq</strong> R S4 object contains the ASV table, taxonomy table and sample metadata. This data was build using the DaDa2 (version 1.18.0) and phyloseq (version 1.34.0) R packages using the SILVA 138.1 nr99 database and raw MiSeq PE300 sequencing data deposited at NCBI-SRA under BioProject: PRJNA975731.</p> <p>F. Marcato, J.M.J. Rebel, S.K. Kar, I. Wouters, D. Schokker, A. Bossers, F. Harders, J.W. van Riel, M. Wolthuis-Fillerup and I.C. de Jong. </p> <p>The main goal of the current study was to investigate whether or not it was possible to modulate the fecal microbiome and thereby reducing endotoxin concentrations in the excreta of broiler chickens. An experiment was carried out with a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial arrangement including 3 factors, 1) genetic strain (fast-growing Ross 308 vs. slower-growing Hubbard JA757), 2) no vs. combined use of probiotics and prebiotics in the diet and drinking water, 3) early feeding at the hatchery vs. non early feeding. A total of 624 Ross 308 and 624 Hubbard JA757 day-old male broiler chickens were included until d 37 and d 51 of age, respectively. Broilers (26 chicks per pen) were housed in a total of 48 pens, and there were 6 replicate pens/treatment group. Pooled cloacal swabs (10 chickens per pen) for microbiome and endotoxin analyses were collected at a target body weight (BW) of 200 g, 1 kg and 2.5 kg.</p>
Dataset 1 for "Host-specificity and repeatability of haemosporidian infection parameters and potential consequences when testing host species-level hypotheses"
<p>Dataset with 9 host species (min. 5 study sites and min 45 sampled individuals sampled per site) for the first part of the analysis in "Host-specificity and repeatability of haemosporidian infection parameters and potential consequences when testing host species-level hypotheses". One file contains the data table. One file contains a table with descriptions of the columns in the data table.</p>
Figure 2. A in Oviposition behavior and host records for the parasitic midge Trichochilus lacteipennis (Johannsen) (Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae)
Figure 2. A female Trichochilus lacteipennis with egg string fully extruded, as it descended toward the water surface just prior to releasing the eggs.
Figure 3. A in Oviposition behavior and host records for the parasitic midge Trichochilus lacteipennis (Johannsen) (Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae)
Figure 3. A string of Trichochilus lacteipennis eggs suspended in water near the bottom of a glass rearing vessel.
Figure 1 in Oviposition behavior and host records for the parasitic midge Trichochilus lacteipennis (Johannsen) (Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae)
Figure 1. Two adult female Trichochilus lacteipennis hovering over Lake Umbagog, in the process of extruding strings of eggs.
Figure 4 in Oviposition behavior and host records for the parasitic midge Trichochilus lacteipennis (Johannsen) (Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae)
Figure 4. Four Trichochilus lacteipennis pupae revealed by incision of the outer lamella (marsupium) of the right gill of an Elliptio complanata.
FIG. 4 in Morphological and molecular evidence for synonymy of Cinclidotus confertus Lüth with C. riparius (Host ex Brid.) Arn.
FIG. 4. — Capsule of C. confertus Lüth (T. Kiebacher 930) with reddish-brown peristome. Photo: T. Kiebacher.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.