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Fig. 4 in The Osteology Of Alioramus, A Gracile And Long-Snouted Tyrannosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) From The Late Cretaceous Of Mongolia

Fig. 4. Skull reconstruction of the holotype specimen of the Late Cretaceous tyrannosaurid Alioramus altai (IGM 100/1844). Scale bar 5 5 cm. Abbreviations: afen, antorbital fenestra; ang, angular; den, dentary; emf, external mandibular fenestra; en, external naris; fr, frontal; jh, jugal horn; jug, jugal; lac, lacrimal; lcp, lacrimal cornual process; max, maxilla; mf, maxillary fenestra; nas, nasal; orb, orbit; pal, palatine; par, parietal; po, postorbital; pop, paroccipital process; psp, parasphenoid rostrum; qj, quadratojugal; rug, rugosities on the nasal; sang, surangular; sfor, surangular foramen; sq, squamosal. Reconstruction delineated by Frank Ippolito, American Museum of Natural History.

Fig. 19 in The Osteology Of Alioramus, A Gracile And Long-Snouted Tyrannosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) From The Late Cretaceous Of Mongolia

Fig. 19. Right postorbital and squamosal (in articulation) of the holotype specimen of Alioramus altai (IGM 100/1844) in lateral (A), medial (B), and dorsal (C) views. Scale bar 5 3 cm. Abbreviations: apr, prongs on anterior ramus; mpr, medial process; pop, contact surface for paroccipital processes; qhr, ridge

Fig. 14 in The Osteology Of Alioramus, A Gracile And Long-Snouted Tyrannosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) From The Late Cretaceous Of Mongolia

Fig. 14. Closeup photos of the left lacrimal of the holotype specimen of Alioramus altai (IGM 100/ 1844) in left lateral (A) and medial (B) views. A, pneumatic region where anterior and dorsal processes meet; B, anterior end of anterior process. Scale bar 5 5 cm. Abbreviations as in figure 12.

Fig. 25 in The Osteology Of Alioramus, A Gracile And Long-Snouted Tyrannosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) From The Late Cretaceous Of Mongolia

Fig. 25. Right palatine of the holotype specimen of Alioramus altai (IGM 100/1844) in lateral (A), medial (B), dorsal (C), anterior (D), and ventral (E) views. Scale bar 5 3 cm. Abbreviations: ap, anterior projection of vomeropterygoid process; appter, articular surface for anterior process of pterygoid;

Figure 22 from: Brothers D (2011) A new Late Cretaceous family of Hymenoptera, and phylogeny of the Plumariidae and Chrysidoidea (Aculeata). ZooKeys 130: 515-542. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.130.1591

Figure 22 - Preferred cladogram of families of Chrysidoidea and genera of Plumariidae (raw length 474, CI = 0.35, RI = 0.68) showing only unambiguous character-state changes. Notes: open hashmarks indicate homoplasious states, black hatchmarks indicate unique states; character numbers above, state numbers below (polymorphisms separated by commas).

Figures 14-17 from: Brothers D (2011) A new Late Cretaceous family of Hymenoptera, and phylogeny of the Plumariidae and Chrysidoidea (Aculeata). ZooKeys 130: 515-542. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.130.1591

Figures 14-17 - Chrysidoidea relationships using Aculeata s.str.(Anthoboscinae) as outgroup 14 Characters equally weighted, some characters additive (strict consensus of 4 MPCs, raw lengths 383, CI = 0.41, RI = 0.71) 15 Characters equally weighted, all characters non-additive (strict consensus of 4 MPCs, raw lengths 349, CI = 0.45, RI = 0.71) 16 Characters implicitly weighted (k = 2.5), some characters additive (strict consensus of 2 MPCs, raw lengths 386, CI = 0.41, RI = 0.71) 17 Characters implicitly weighted (k = 2.5), all characters non-additive (1 MPC, raw length 352, CI = 0.44, RI = 0.70). Notes: Plumalexius shown in red, genera of Plumariidae shown in blue. Numbers are estimated GC branch-support values (see text); branches without numbers showed no positive support under the resampling protocol used.

Figures 18-21 from: Brothers D (2011) A new Late Cretaceous family of Hymenoptera, and phylogeny of the Plumariidae and Chrysidoidea (Aculeata). ZooKeys 130: 515-542. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.130.1591

Figures 18-21 - Chrysidoidea relationships using non-Aculeata (Ichneumonidae) as outgroup 18 Characters equally weighted, some characters additive (strict consensus of 12 MPCs, raw lengths 468, CI = 0.35, RI = 0.68) 19 Characters equally weighted, all characters non-additive (strict consensus of 4 MPCs, raw lengths 423, CI = 0.39, RI = 0.67) 20 Characters implicitly weighted (k = 2.5), some characters additive (1 MPC, raw length 473, CI = 0.35, RI = 0.68) 21 Characters implicitly weighted (k = 2.5), all characters non-additive (1 MPC, raw length 426, CI = 0.38, RI = 0.67). Note: Plumalexius shown in red, genera of Plumariidae shown in blue. Numbers are estimated GC branch-support values (see text); branches without numbers showed no positive support under the resampling protocol used.

Figures 12-13 from: Brothers D (2011) A new Late Cretaceous family of Hymenoptera, and phylogeny of the Plumariidae and Chrysidoidea (Aculeata). ZooKeys 130: 515-542. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.130.1591

Figures 12-13 - Plumalexius rasnitsyni sp. nov. 12 Wings, based on both specimens 13 Paratype, dorsolateral view, right wings in grey. Abbreviations. Wing veins: A = anal, C = costa, Cu = cubitus, M = media, R = radius, RS = radial sector, Sc = subcosta (numerals indicate abscissae, all lower-case indicates crossveins); cells: BC = basal cell (cell R), CC = costal cell (cell C), DC = discal cell (cells 1M, 2M), MC = marginal cell (cell 2R1), SBC = subbasal cell (cell 1Cu), SDC = subdiscal cell (cell 2Cu), SMC = submarginal cell (cells 1R1, 1Rs, 2Rs).

Figures 3-7 from: Brothers D (2011) A new Late Cretaceous family of Hymenoptera, and phylogeny of the Plumariidae and Chrysidoidea (Aculeata). ZooKeys 130: 515-542. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.130.1591

Figures 3-7 - New Jersey amber containing specimens of Plumalexius rasnitsyni sp. nov. 3 Specimen NJ-695, holotype (circled) 4 Specimen NJ-175, paratype (circled) 5–7 Specimen NJ-695, holotype 5 Ventrolateral view 6 Dorsolateral view 7 Detail, ventrolateral view.

Figures 1-2 from: Brothers D (2011) A new Late Cretaceous family of Hymenoptera, and phylogeny of the Plumariidae and Chrysidoidea (Aculeata). ZooKeys 130: 515-542. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.130.1591

Figures 1-2 - Previous estimates of relationships. 1 Aculeata, superfamilies, and families of Chrysidoidea (modified from Brothers 1999); aculeate taxa used as outgroup for analysis shown in green 2 Genera of Plumariidae (redrawn from Diez, Roig-Alsina and Fidalgo 2010)

Figures 10-11 from: Brothers D (2011) A new Late Cretaceous family of Hymenoptera, and phylogeny of the Plumariidae and Chrysidoidea (Aculeata). ZooKeys 130: 515-542. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.130.1591

Figures 10-11 - Plumalexius rasnitsyni sp. nov., specimen NJ-175, paratype. 10 Dorsolateral view 11 Details, dorsolateral view.

Figure 5 from: Averianov A, Dyke G, Danilov I, Skutschas P (2015) The paleoenvironments of azhdarchid pterosaurs localities in the Late Cretaceous of Kazakhstan. ZooKeys 483: 59-80. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.483.9058

Figure 5 - Paleogeographic map of western Kazakhstan in the Santonian-Campanian, modified and simplified from Sagunov and Tkachev (1975: fig. 23). Legend: a, deep water sea; b, shelf; c, shallow water sea; d, lowland coastal plain; e, elevated land; f, area of phosphate accumulation; g, pterosaur locality; h, clupeomorph locality (Taldysai).

Figure 1 from: Averianov A, Dyke G, Danilov I, Skutschas P (2015) The paleoenvironments of azhdarchid pterosaurs localities in the Late Cretaceous of Kazakhstan. ZooKeys 483: 59-80. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.483.9058

Figure 1 - Map to show the northeastern Aral Sea region of Kazakhstan and the approximate positions of known Late Cretaceous pterosaur localities (1 Tyulkili 2 Baibishe 3 Akkurgan 4 Buroinak 5 Shakh-Shakh). The lakes in the western part of the map are remnants of the Aral Sea, relics of the Turgai Strait that once connected the Tethys and Arctic oceans.

Figure 4 from: Averianov A, Dyke G, Danilov I, Skutschas P (2015) The paleoenvironments of azhdarchid pterosaurs localities in the Late Cretaceous of Kazakhstan. ZooKeys 483: 59-80. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.483.9058

Figure 4 - Relative positions of known pterosaur localities of the northeastern Aral Sea region of Kazakhstan in Turonian (A) and Santonian (B) times. These paleogeographic maps are modified from Martinson and Nikitin (1978). Legend: a, sea; b, land; c, pterosaur locality (1 Tyulkili; 2 Baibishe; 3 Akkurgan; 4 Buroinak; 5 Shakh-Shakh); d, estuarian paleoenvironment indicated by marine sharks.

Figure 3 from: Averianov A, Dyke G, Danilov I, Skutschas P (2015) The paleoenvironments of azhdarchid pterosaurs localities in the Late Cretaceous of Kazakhstan. ZooKeys 483: 59-80. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.483.9058

Figure 3 - Aralazhdarcho bostobensis, ZIN PH 57/43, a proximal fragment of a left humerus in proximal (a), ventral (b), anterior (c), dorsal (d), and posterior (e) views. This specimen is from the Shakh Shakh II locality in the northeasten Aral Sea region of Kazakhstan; Bostobe Formation, Upper Cretaceous (Santonian – lower Campanian). Abbreviations: h, humeral head; pf, pneumatic foramen; uc, ulnar crest. Scale bar is 10 mm.

Figure 2 from: Averianov A, Dyke G, Danilov I, Skutschas P (2015) The paleoenvironments of azhdarchid pterosaurs localities in the Late Cretaceous of Kazakhstan. ZooKeys 483: 59-80. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.483.9058

Figure 2 - Azhdarcho sp., ZIN PH 56/43, distal fragment of a right ulna in proximal (a), ventral (b), posterior (c), dorsal (d), anterior (e), and distal (f, stereopair) views. This specimen is from the Tyulkili locality in the northeastern Aral Sea region of Kazakhstan; Zhirkindek Formation, Upper Cretaceous (upper Turonian – Coniacian). Abbreviations: das, dorsal articulation surface; ft, groove for flexor tendon; tub, tuberculum; vf, ventral fovea. Scale bar is 10 mm.

Figure 11 from: Csiki-Sava Z, Buffetaut E, Ősi A, Pereda-Suberbiola X, Brusatte SL (2015) Island life in the Cretaceous - faunal composition, biogeography, evolution, and extinction of land-living vertebrates on the Late Cretaceous European archipelago. ZooKeys 469: 1-161. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.469.8439

Figure 11 - Continental paleogeography of the Late Cretaceous, highlighting the position of the European paleobioprovince (yellow dotted line). A Global paleogeography during the relative sea-level highstand period of the Turonian, showing maximum geographical fragmentation of Europe B Global paleogeography during the relative sea-level lowstand period of the latest Maastrichtian, showing significant extension of emergent areas. Abbreviations: AFR Africa; ANT Antarctica; APP Appalachia; AUS Australia; CAS Central (or Middle) Asia; EAS Eastern Asia; EUR Europe; IN India; IN-M Indo-Malagasy Landmass; LAR Laramidia; MA Madagascar; NAM North America; SAM South America; WAF western Africa. Base maps courtesy of R. Blakey.

Figure 12 from: Csiki-Sava Z, Buffetaut E, Ősi A, Pereda-Suberbiola X, Brusatte SL (2015) Island life in the Cretaceous - faunal composition, biogeography, evolution, and extinction of land-living vertebrates on the Late Cretaceous European archipelago. ZooKeys 469: 1-161. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.469.8439

Figure 12 - Diversity of Late Cretaceous European titanosaurs, as illustrated by posterior dorsal vertebral size and morphology (all specimens figured in right lateral view, unless specified otherwise). A Atsinganosaurus velauciensis (VBN 93.01), late Campanian, Velaux-La Bastide Neuve, Bouches-de-Rhône, southern France B Ampelosaurus atacis (MDE C3-247), late Campanian–early Maastrichtian, Bellevue, Aude, southern France C Lirainosaurus astibiae (MCNA 7443), late Campanian–early Maastrichtian, Laño, Basque Country, northern Spain D Magyarosaurus dacus (NHMUK R.4896, reversed), Maastrichtian, Sânpetru, Haţeg Basin, Romania E Paludititan nalatzensis (UBB NVM1-43), Maastrichtian, Haţeg Basin, Romania. Scale bars equal 10 cm in A–C and E and 5 cm in D. Photographs A–D courtesy by Verónica Díez Díaz.

Figure 7 from: Csiki-Sava Z, Buffetaut E, Ősi A, Pereda-Suberbiola X, Brusatte SL (2015) Island life in the Cretaceous - faunal composition, biogeography, evolution, and extinction of land-living vertebrates on the Late Cretaceous European archipelago. ZooKeys 469: 1-161. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.469.8439

Figure 7 - Representative taxa from the late Campanian–early Maastrichtian faunas from southern France. A Arcovenator escotae (Theropoda, Abelisauridae), braincase (MHNAix-PV 2011-12) in dorsal view (Lower Argiles Rutilantes Formation, Jas Neuf Sud, Var) B Rhabdodon priscus (Ornithopoda, Rhabdodontidae), left dentary (MC Mn 227) in lingual view (Grès à Reptiles Formation, Montplo Nord, Hérault) C Variraptor mechinorum (Theropoda, Dromaeosauridae), sacrum (MC PSP 6) in right lateral view (Grès à Reptiles Formation, Plo Saint-Pons, Hérault) D Martinavis cruzyensis (Aves, Enantiornithes), right humerus (MC M 1957) in caudal view (Grès à Reptiles Formation, Massecaps, Hérault) E Indeterminate titanosaur (Sauropoda, Titanosauria), caudal vertebra (MC M 0001) in left lateral view (Grès à Reptiles Formation, Massecaps, Hérault) F Struthiosaurus sp. (Ankylosauria, Nodosauridae), right scapulocoracoid (MC Mn 393) in lateral view (Grès à Reptiles Formation, Montplo Nord, Hérault) G Gargantuavis philoinos (Aves incertae sedis), synsacrum and part of ilia (MDE C3-525) in ventral view (Marnes de la Maurine Formation, Bellevue, Aude). All scale bars equal 50 mm.

Figure 3 from: Csiki-Sava Z, Buffetaut E, Ősi A, Pereda-Suberbiola X, Brusatte SL (2015) Island life in the Cretaceous - faunal composition, biogeography, evolution, and extinction of land-living vertebrates on the Late Cretaceous European archipelago. ZooKeys 469: 1-161. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.469.8439

Figure 3 - Paleogeographic distribution of the late Late Cretaceous (Santonian–Maastrichtian) European continental vertebrate assemblages (base map for late Campanian, ~ 75 Mya, courtesy of R. Blakey). Abbreviations: 1 Scania (southern Sweden) 2 Belgium-The Netherlands 3 western France 4 western Iberia (Portugal) 5 Cantabrian-southern Pyrenean region (northern Spain) 6 central Iberian region (central Spain) 7 eastern Iberian region (eastern Spain) 8 Languedoc (western southern France) 9 Provence (eastern southern France) 10 Apulia (southern Italy) 11 Adriatic-Dinaric Carbonate Platform (eastern Italy, Slovenia) 12 Austroalpine region (eastern Austria, western Hungary) 13 Transylvania (northwestern Romania) 14 northern Bulgaria 15 southeastern Poland 16 Crimea 17 southern Russia (for details, see also Figs 1, 4 and text); AA Austroalpine Domain; APP Appalachia; ARM Armorican Massif; BA-RHO Balkans-Rhodope Orogen; BAL Baltic Landmass; GRO Greenland; IB Iberian Landmass; MOE Moesian Platform; PEL Pelagonian Domain; PON Pontides Orogen; PY-PRO L Pyrenean-Provencal Landmass; RH-BH H Rhenish-Bohemian High; TAU Taurus Block; TI-DA Tisia-Dacia Block; UM-VH Ukrainian Massif-Voronezh High. Note that emergent land was more extensive during Maastrichtian times than represented in the map, with most Spanish-French localities situated in purely continental setting (compare with Fig. 11).