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opencc-zeroApr 2022View details →

Effects of hive entrance orientation on honey bee colony activity

In an effort to determine the effects of the orientation of hive entrance on honey bee colony activity and temperature, hives were placed facing different cardinal directions (3-5 hives per direction). Hive weight was recorded every 5 minutes and temperature every 30 minutes from April 2019 to June 2020. Daily weight data were analyzed using piecewise regression. In southern Arizona from December to March, hives facing east started daily flight activity 50 minutes earlier than hives facing west, and ended flight activity 57 minutes earlier than hives facing south. During that period east-facing hives also lost only 62 g per d while north-facing hives lost about 100 g per d. East-facing hives were also about 7°C cooler on average than west-facing hives, although that may have been due to the movement of bee clusters within the hive. From December to March hives facing east also had significantly lower morning weight loss due to departing foragers than hives facing north (indicating more foragers) but higher weight loss from April-June 2020. Most effects were observed from December to March, probably due to restricted daylight hours and lower ambient temperatures. No significant effects were observed with respect to visually-estimated adult bee numbers (frames of bees) or the surface areas of sealed brood. We recommend hive orientation be taken into account in the design of field experiments that involve monitoring colony activity.

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2019View details →

Fig. 2 in Observation Of Eurasian Otter'S Diel Activity Using Camera Trapping In Central-Eastern Romania

Fig. 2. General diel activity of otters in the study area.

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2019View details →

Fig. 1 in Observation Of Eurasian Otter'S Diel Activity Using Camera Trapping In Central-Eastern Romania

Fig. 1. The study area.

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2019View details →

Fig. 4 in Observation Of Eurasian Otter'S Diel Activity Using Camera Trapping In Central-Eastern Romania

Fig. 4. Otter recordings, correlated with local time and day-night graph.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2022View details →

A global land surface 250-m 8-day Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FAPAR) product (2022-part1)

The Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FAPAR) is a critical land surface variable for carbon cycle modeling and ecological monitoring. We generated the latest version (V6) of the FAPAR product at a 250-m resolution, which is also aggregated to multiple coarser resolutions (up to 0.25° and monthly), from MODIS surface reflectance data and other information, as part of the Global Land Surface Satellite (GLASS) products suite. Three existing global FAPAR products (MODIS Collection 6, GLASS V5, and PROBA-V V1) were used to generate the time-series training samples for developing the Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (Bi-LSTM) model. Direct validation using high-resolution FAPAR maps from VALERI and ImagineS networks revealed that the GLASS V6 FAPAR product achieves higher accuracy than PROBA-V, MODIS, and GLASS V5, with R2 of 0.80 and RMSE of 0.10-0.11 at the 250-m, 500-m, and 3-km scales, and a higher percentage (72%) of retrievals in meeting accuracy requirement of 0.1. Global spatial evaluation and temporal comparison at the Ameriflux and NEON sites indicated that the GLASS V6 FAPAR is more spatio-temporal continuous and better reflects the variations of vegetation than the GLASS V5 FAPAR.  The temporal span of GLASS V6 FAPAR product is from 2000 to 2020 and the temporal frequency is 8-day. The 250-m and 500-m data are in the Sinusoidal projection, while the 0.05°, 0.1° and 0.25° data are in geographic latitude/longitude. Data files are provided in HDF−EOS format.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2022View details →

A global land surface 250-m 8-day Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FAPAR) product (2022-part2)

opencc-zeroApr 2022View details →

Dataset for manuscript entitled: Switchgrass cropping systems affect soil carbon and nitrogen and microbial diversity and activity on marginal lands

Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), as a dedicated bioenergy crop, can provide cellulosic feedstock for biofuel production while improving or maintaining soil quality. However, comprehensive evaluations of how switchgrass cultivation and nitrogen (N) management impact soil and plant parameters remain incomplete. We conducted field trials in three years (2016–2018) at six locations in the North Central Great Lakes Region to evaluate the effects of cropping systems (switchgrass, restored prairie, undisturbed control) and N rates (0, 56 kg N ha-1 yr-1) on biomass yield and soil physicochemical, microbial, and enzymatic parameters. Switchgrass cropping system yielded an aboveground biomass 2.9–3.3 times higher than the other two systems (Jayawardena et al., In submission) but our study found that this biomass accumulation didn't reduce soil dissolved organic C (DOC), total dissolved N (TDN), or bacterial diversity. The annual aboveground biomass removal for bioenergy feedstock, however, reduced soil microbial biomass C (MBC) and N (MBN) and bacterial richness in the 2nd and 3rd years; despite this, continuous monocropping of switchgrass improved soil TDN, inorganic N, bacterial diversity, and shoot biomass in the 2nd and/or 3rd years when compared to the 1st year. N fertilization increased aboveground biomass yield by 1.2 times and significantly increased soil TDN, MBN, and the shoot biomass of switchgrass when compared to the unfertilized control. Locations with higher C and N contents and lower C:N ratio had higher aboveground biomass, MBC, MBN, and the activity of BG, CBH, and UREA enzymes; by contrast, locations with higher pH had higher soil TDN and activity of NAG and LAP enzymes. Our research demonstrates that switchgrass cultivation could improve or maintain soil N content and N fertilization can increase plant biomass yield. The comprehensive data also can inform future biogeochemical models to successfully implement switchgrass for bioenergy production.

opencc-zeroApr 2022View details →

Cross-kingdom interactions and functional patterns of active microbiota matter in governing deadwood decay

Microbial community members are the primary microbial colonizers and active decomposers of deadwood. This study placed sterilized standardized beech and spruce sapwood specimens on the forest ground of 8 beech- and 8 spruce-dominated forest sites. After 370 days, specimens were assessed for mass loss, nitrogen (N) content and 15N isotopic signature, hydrolytic and lignin-modifying enzyme activities. Each specimen was incubated with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) to label metabolically active fungal and bacterial community members, which were assessed using an amplicon sequencing. Fungal saprotrophs colonized the deadwood accompanied by a distinct bacterial community that was capable of cellulose degradation, aromatic depolymerisation, and N2 fixation. The latter were governed by the genus Sphingomonas, which was co-present with the majority of saprotrophic fungi regardless of whether beech or spruce specimens were decayed. Moreover, the richness of the diazotrophic Allorhizobium-Neorhizobium-Pararhizobium-Rhizobium group were significantly correlated with mass loss, N content and 15N isotopic signature. In contrast, presence of obligate predator Bdellovibrio spp. shifted bacterial community composition and were linked to decreased beech deadwood decay rates. Our study provides the first account of the composition and function of metabolically active wood-colonising bacterial and fungal communities, highlighting cross-kingdom interactions during the early and intermediate stages of wood decay.

Age-specific activation patterns and inter-subject similarity during verbal working-memory maintenance and Cognitive Reserve

Cognitive Reserve, according to a recent consensus definition of the NIH-funded Reserve and Resilience collaboratory (<a href="https://reserveandresilience.com/">https://reserveandresilience.com/</a>), is constituted by any mechanism contributing to cognitive performance beyond, or interacting with, brain structure in the widest sense. To identity multivariate activation patterns fulfilling this postulate, we investigated a verbal Sternberg fMRI task and imaged 181 people with age coverage in the ranges 20-30 (44 participants) and 55-70 (137 participants). Beyond task performance, participants were characterized in terms of demographics, and neuropsychological assessments of vocabulary, episodic memory, perceptual speed, and abstract fluid reasoning. Participants studied an array of either 1, 3, or 6 upper-case letters for 3 seconds (=encoding phase), then a blank fixation screen was presented for 7 seconds (=maintenance phase), to be probed with a lower-case letter to which they responded with a differential button press whether the letter was part of the studied array or not (=retrieval phase). We focused on identifying maintenance-related activation patterns showing memory-load increases in pattern score on an individual-participant level for both age groups. We found such a pattern that increased with memory load for all but one person in the young participants (p<0.001), and such a pattern for all participants in the older group (p<0.001). Both patterns showed broad topographic similarities; however, relationships to task performance and neuropsychological characteristics were markedly different and point to individual differences in Cognitive Reserve. Beyond the derivation of group-level activation patterns, we also investigated the inter-subject spatial similarity of individual working-memory rehearsal patterns in the older participants' group as a function of neuropsychological and task performance, education and mean cortical thickness. Higher task accuracy and neuropsychological function was reliably associated with higher inter-subject similarity of individual-level activation patterns in older participants.

Areal (+)-borneol modulates root morphology, auxin signalling and meristematic activity in Arabidopsis roots

One of the characteristic aspects of odour sensing in humans is the activation of olfactory receptors in a slightly different manner to different enantiomers. Here, we focused on whether plants showed enantiomer-specific responses similar to that in humans. We exposed Arabidopsis seedlings to methanol (control) and (+)- or (−)-borneol, and found that only (+)-borneol reduced the root length. Furthermore, the root-tip width was more increased upon (+)-borneol exposure than upon (−)-borneol exposure. In addition, root-hair formation was observed near the root tip in response to (+)-borneol. Auxin signalling was strongly reduced in the root tip following exposure to (+)-borneol, but was detected following exposure to (−)-borneol and methanol. Similarly, in the root tip, the activity of Cyclin B1:1 was detected on exposure to (−)-borneol and methanol, but not on exposure to (+)-borneol, indicating that (+)-borneol inhibits the meristematic activity in the root. These results partially explain (+)-borneol-specific reduction in the root length of Arabidopsis. Our results indicate the presence of a sensing system specific for (+)-borneol in Arabidopsis.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2021View details →

Genome graphs detect human polymorphisms in active epigenomic states during influenza infection: code and processed data

Manuscript, figure, and analysis code and processed data for the Groza et al (2022) preprint.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2021View details →

Active optical switching evaluation in lab settings

Transfer function of a MZI with PZT actuators on top by tuning the voltage in both arms

Stellar chromospheric activity spectral database of solar-type stars based on the LAMOST Low-Resolution Spectroscopic Survey(disused)

A stellar chromospheric activity spectral database of solar-type stars is constructed based on the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) Low-Resolution Spectroscopic Survey (LRS). The database contains 1,330,654 high-quality LRS spectra of solar-type stars with Teff ranging from 4800 K to 6800 K. We measure the mean fluxes at line cores of the Ca II H&K lines using a 1 Å rectangular bandpass as well as a 1.09 Å full width at half maximum (FWHM) triangular bandpass, and the mean fluxes of two 20 Å pseudo-continuum bands on the two sides of the lines. Three chromospheric activity indexes, Srec using the rectangular bandpass, and Stri and SMWL using the triangular bandpass, are evaluated based on the measured fluxes. The uncertainties of all the obtained parameters are estimated. We also produce spectrum diagrams of Ca II H&K lines for all the spectra in the database. This database with more than one million high-quality LAMOST LRS spectra and basal chromospheric activity parameters can be further used for investigating activity characteristics of solar-type stars and solar-stellar connection.   The entity of the database is composed of (1) a catalog of spectral sample and activity parameters, and (2) a library of spectrum diagrams. (1) Catalog of Spectral Sample and Activity Parameters CaIIHK_Sindex_LAMOST_DR7_LRS.csv (2) Library of Spectrum Diagrams spectrum_diagrams_000-049.zip  (46 subfolders) spectrum_diagrams_050-099.zip  (40 subfolders) spectrum_diagrams_100-149.zip  (47 subfolders) spectrum_diagrams_150-199.zip  (49 subfolders) spectrum_diagrams_200-249.zip  (47 subfolders) spectrum_diagrams_250-299.zip  (45 subfolders) spectrum_diagrams_300-349.zip  (41 subfolders) spectrum_diagrams_350-399.zip  (39 subfolders) spectrum_diagrams_400-449.zip  (45 subfolders) spectrum_diagrams_450-499.zip  (35 subfolders) spectrum_diagrams_500-549.zip  (27 subfolders) spectrum_diagrams_550-599.zip  (38 subfolders) spectrum_diagrams_600-649.zip  (32 subfolders) spectrum_diagrams_650-699.zip  (26 subfolders) spectrum_diagrams_700-749.zip  (28 subfolders)

Stellar chromospheric activity spectral database of solar-type stars based on the LAMOST Low-Resolution Spectroscopic Survey (disused)

A stellar chromospheric activity spectral database of solar-type stars is constructed based on the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) Low-Resolution Spectroscopic Survey (LRS). The database contains 1,330,654 high-quality LRS spectra of solar-type stars with effective temperature ranging from 4800 K to 6800 K. We measure the mean fluxes at line cores of the Ca II H&K lines using a 1 Å rectangular bandpass as well as a 1.09 Å full width at half maximum (FWHM) triangular bandpass, and the mean fluxes of two 20 Å pseudo-continuum bands on the two sides of the lines. Three chromospheric activity indexes, Srec based on the 1 Å rectangular bandpass, and Stri and SMWL based on the 1.09 Å FWHM triangular bandpass, are evaluated from the measured fluxes. The uncertainties of all the obtained parameters are estimated. We also produce spectrum diagrams of Ca II H&K lines for all the spectra in the database. This database with more than one million high-quality LAMOST LRS spectra and basal chromospheric activity parameters can be further used for investigating activity characteristics of solar-type stars and solar-stellar connection.   The entity of the database is composed of (1) a catalog of spectral sample and activity parameters, and (2) a library of spectrum diagrams. (1) Catalog of Spectral Sample and Activity Parameters CaIIHK_Sindex_LAMOST_DR7_LRS.csv (2) Library of Spectrum Diagrams spectrum_diagrams_000-049.zip  (46 subfolders) spectrum_diagrams_050-099.zip  (40 subfolders) spectrum_diagrams_100-149.zip  (47 subfolders) spectrum_diagrams_150-199.zip  (49 subfolders) spectrum_diagrams_200-249.zip  (47 subfolders) spectrum_diagrams_250-299.zip  (45 subfolders) spectrum_diagrams_300-349.zip  (41 subfolders) spectrum_diagrams_350-399.zip  (39 subfolders) spectrum_diagrams_400-449.zip  (45 subfolders) spectrum_diagrams_450-499.zip  (35 subfolders) spectrum_diagrams_500-549.zip  (27 subfolders) spectrum_diagrams_550-599.zip  (38 subfolders) spectrum_diagrams_600-649.zip  (32 subfolders) spectrum_diagrams_650-699.zip  (26 subfolders) spectrum_diagrams_700-749.zip  (28 subfolders)

Stellar chromospheric activity spectral database of solar-type stars based on the LAMOST Low-Resolution Spectroscopic Survey(disused)

A stellar chromospheric activity spectral database of solar-type stars is constructed based on the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) Low-Resolution Spectroscopic Survey (LRS). The database contains 1,330,654 high-quality LRS spectra of solar-type stars with effective temperature ranging from 4800 K to 6800 K. We measure the mean fluxes at line cores of the Ca II H&K lines using a 1 Å rectangular bandpass as well as a 1.09 Å full width at half maximum (FWHM) triangular bandpass, and the mean fluxes of two 20 Å pseudo-continuum bands on the two sides of the lines. Three chromospheric activity indexes, Srec based on the 1 Å rectangular bandpass, and Stri and SMWL based on the 1.09 Å FWHM triangular bandpass, are evaluated from the measured fluxes. The uncertainties of all the obtained parameters are estimated. We also produce spectrum diagrams of Ca II H&K lines for all the spectra in the database. This database with more than one million high-quality LAMOST LRS spectra and basal chromospheric activity parameters can be further used for investigating activity characteristics of solar-type stars and solar-stellar connection.   The entity of the database is composed of (1) a catalog of spectral sample and activity parameters, and (2) a library of spectrum diagrams. (1) Catalog of Spectral Sample and Activity Parameters CaIIHK_Sindex_LAMOST_DR7_LRS.csv (2) Library of Spectrum Diagrams spectrum_diagrams_000-049.zip  (46 subfolders) spectrum_diagrams_050-099.zip  (40 subfolders) spectrum_diagrams_100-149.zip  (47 subfolders) spectrum_diagrams_150-199.zip  (49 subfolders) spectrum_diagrams_200-249.zip  (47 subfolders) spectrum_diagrams_250-299.zip  (45 subfolders) spectrum_diagrams_300-349.zip  (41 subfolders) spectrum_diagrams_350-399.zip  (39 subfolders) spectrum_diagrams_400-449.zip  (45 subfolders) spectrum_diagrams_450-499.zip  (35 subfolders) spectrum_diagrams_500-549.zip  (27 subfolders) spectrum_diagrams_550-599.zip  (38 subfolders) spectrum_diagrams_600-649.zip  (32 subfolders) spectrum_diagrams_650-699.zip  (26 subfolders) spectrum_diagrams_700-749.zip  (28 subfolders)

Data set for the article "Self-oscillation and Synchronisation Transitions in Elasto-Active Structures"

This is the data set for the article "Self-oscillation and Synchronisation Transitions in Elasto-Active Structures",  <table summary="Additional metadata"> <tbody> <tr> <td><a href="https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2106.05721">https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2106.05721</a>   </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> Is contains raw images and processed data from images used to describe the self-oscillations under study in this article. All zip files corresponds to the single chain experiment except "Double_chain_Experiment.zip".

Intelligent image-activated sorting of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii by mitochondrial localization

Data for image-based cell sorting based on complex intracellular morphology taken with an imaging flow cytometer Includes:  Flow cytometry images of two strains of microalgae  6-layer CNN model used for real-time cell sorting meta-data for the CNN containing the parameters used for creating the CNN model Validation images of the image-based sorting experiments.

Multi-task self-supervised learning for wearables - human activity recognition

Datasets used to train and evaluated the self-supervised-learning model

Dopamine activity in the tail of the striatum, DeepLabCut and MoSeq during novel object exploration

In this study, we characterized dynamics of novelty exploration using multi-point tracking (DeepLabCut) and behavioral segmentation (MoSeq). Mice were habituated in an arena, and then a object was placed at the corner of the arena. We compared 4 groups of mice: one with presentation of a novel object (stimulus novelty), one with a presentation of a familiar object (contextual novelty), one with presentation of a novel object after ablation of dopamine neuorns that project to the tail of the striatum (TS), and one with presentation of a novel object after sham surgery. With a separate group of mice, dopamine activity in TS was recorded during novelty exploration.

Influence of weather on gobbling activity of male wild turkeys

Gobbling activity of Eastern wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris; hereafter, turkeys) has been widely studied, focusing on drivers of daily variation. Weather variables are widely believed to influence gobbling activity, but results across studies are contradictory and often equivocal, leading to uncertainty in the relative contribution of weather variables to daily fluctuations in gobbling activity. Previous works relied on road-based auditory surveys to collect gobbling data which limits data consistency, duration, and quantity due to logistical difficulties associated with human observers and restricted sampling frames. Development of new methods using autonomous recording units (ARUs) allows researchers to collect continuous data in more locations for longer periods of time, providing the opportunity to delve into factors influencing daily gobbling activity. We used ARUs from 1 March to 31 May to detail gobbling activity across multiple study sites in the southeastern United States during 2014 – 2018. We used state-space modeling to investigate the effects of weather variables on daily gobbling activity. Our findings suggest rainfall, greater wind speeds, and greater temperatures negatively affected gobbling activity, whereas increasing barometric pressure positively affected gobbling activity. Therefore, when using daily gobbling activity to make inferences relative to gobbling chronology, reproductive phenology, and hunting season frameworks stakeholders should recognize and consider the potential influences of extended periods of inclement weather.