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Fig. 1 in Hygroline derivatives from Schizanthus tricolor and their anti-trypanosomatid and antiplasmodial activities

Fig. 1. LC-HRMS chromatogram of the alkaloid fraction of S. tricolor (for sake of clarity m/z values are shown without decimal).

opennotspecifiedDec 2021View details →

Fig. 6 in Prenylated C -C derivatives from the stems and branches of Illicium ternstroemioides A. C. Smith with antiviral activity

Fig. 6. The experimental ECD spectra of 2, 6, and 8 (red) and the calculated ECD spectra of 2, 6, and 8 (red dash and blue dash). (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 7 in Phloroglucinol derivatives rhotomensones A-G from Rhodomyrtus tomentosa

Fig. 7. Cross-section of α-glucosidase, with the interior shown in black, highlighting predicted acarbose (cyan spheres, A), compound 5 (yellow spheres, B) and compound 6 (green spheres, C) occupying the active site, and the catalytic residues D214 and E276 were presented as red and white sticks, respectively. Comparison of ligand-mediated hydrogen bonds (black dashed lines) in acarbose (cyan sticks)-bound (D), compound 5 (yellow sticks)-bound (E) and compound 6 (green sticks)- bound (F) α-glucosidase. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 4 in The grass root endophytic fungus Flavomyces fulophazii: An abundant source of tetramic acid and chlorinated azaphilone derivatives

Fig. 4. Characteristic MS fragmentation of azaphilone compounds 6a, 7–11 (A) and 6b flavochlorine F (B) along with their backbone specific fragment ion structure (C). Corresponding fragment ions generated from protonated molecular ions of these azaphilones by various collision induced dissociation energies, are detailed in the Supplementary Tables S2 and S3.

Fig. 3 in The grass root endophytic fungus Flavomyces fulophazii: An abundant source of tetramic acid and chlorinated azaphilone derivatives

Fig. 3. Extracted ion chromatograms (A–F) for m/z 340.1 (A), m/z 296.1 (B), m/z 252.1 (C), m/z 310.1 (D), m/z 352.1 (E), and m/z 253.1 (F) corresponding to azaphilones, and HR-MS spectra (A′–F′) of azaphilones 6a (flavochlorine E), 7 (flavochlorine A), 8 (flavochlorine B), 9 (flavochlorine C), 10 (flavochlorine G) and 11 (flavochlorine D), respectively, along with their chemical structures (note: HR-MS spectrum of 6b (flavochlorine F) comparable with that of compound 6a, was not depicted). Chromatograms and spectra were obtained from a HPLC separation of the extract prepared from Flavomyces fulophazii culture sample HF-3A.

Fig. 2. A in The grass root endophytic fungus Flavomyces fulophazii: An abundant source of tetramic acid and chlorinated azaphilone derivatives

Fig. 2. A HPLC separation of the extract prepared from Flavomyces fulophazii culture sample HF-3A [full chromatogram A was recorded using UV detection (λ = 280 nm), and trace chromatograms (B, C, D, E, F) were obtained by MS detection, monitoring the extracted ion current for m/z 252.1 (B), m/z 236.1 (C), m/z 234.1 (D), m/z 250.1 (E) and m/z 218.1 (F), corresponding to tetramic acids] and HR-MS spectra (B′, C′, D′, E′, F′) of tetramic acids 1 (dihydroxyvermelhotin), 2 (hydroxyvermelhotin), 3 (oxovermelhotin), 4 (methoxyvermelhotin) and 5 (vermelhotin), respectively, along with their chemical structures.

Fig. 1 in The grass root endophytic fungus Flavomyces fulophazii: An abundant source of tetramic acid and chlorinated azaphilone derivatives

Fig. 1. Maximum Likelihood (ML) phylogenetic tree of ITS sequences of representative species in Periconiaceae and Massarinaceae in the suborder Massarineae (Pleosporales). Highlighted sections indicate affiliations to families. Flavomyces fulophazii isolates and the vermelhotin producing CRI247-01 strain (see Kasettrathat et al., 2008) are shown in bold. ML bootstrap support values (≥70) are shown at branches. GenBank accession numbers of the sequences and strain numbers are shown before and after the species names, respectively. Three representative species of the family Lentitheciaceae served as multiple outgroups (highlighted with blue). The scale bar indicates 0.05 expected changes per site per branch.. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

opennotspecifiedOct 2020View details →

Fig. 5 in Role of C-H bond in the antioxidant activities of rooperol and its derivatives: A DFT study

Fig. 5. The calculated PAs and ETEs for ROP and its derivatives. The differences having as a reference the lowest value have also include in parenthesis.

opennotspecifiedOct 2020View details →

Fig. 3 in Role of C-H bond in the antioxidant activities of rooperol and its derivatives: A DFT study

Fig. 3. The calculated BDEs for ROP and its derivatives. The differences having as a reference the lowest value have include in parenthesis.

opennotspecifiedOct 2020View details →

Fig. 4 in Role of C-H bond in the antioxidant activities of rooperol and its derivatives: A DFT study

Fig. 4. The calculated IPs and PDEs for ROP and its derivatives. The differences having as a reference the lowest value have also include in parenthesis.

Fig. 2. 1H–1H in Diterpenoids caryopterisoids D - Q and iridoid glucoside derivatives caryopterisides F - H from Caryopteris glutinosa

Fig. 2. 1H–1H COSY and key HMBC correlations (A), selected NOESY correlations and nOe differences (B), and ECD spectra (C) of compounds 1 and 2. D, ORTEP drawing of 1 from X-ray crystallographic data.

Fig. 1 in Diterpenoids caryopterisoids D - Q and iridoid glucoside derivatives caryopterisides F - H from Caryopteris glutinosa

Fig. 1. Chemical structures of caryopterisoids D - Q (1 – 14) and caryopterisides F H (15 - 17) from Caryopteris glutinosa.

Fig. 4 in Diterpenoids caryopterisoids D - Q and iridoid glucoside derivatives caryopterisides F - H from Caryopteris glutinosa

Fig. 4. Cell-based estrogen biosynthesis assays for the isolated compounds (A), WB of caryopterisoid K (8) (B) and its quantitative results (C), qRT-PCR (D), and molecular docking (E). DMSO, control; FSK, 10 μM forskolin, positive control for the increase of estrogen E2; LET, 10 nM letrozole, positive control for the decrease of estrogen E2; CREB, cAMP-response element binding protein, a key protein in the upstream of the signaling pathway of estrogen biosynthesis; pCREB, phosphorylated CREB; Form, 50 μM formestane, positive control for the expression of aromatase; GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, reference gene; KI, inhibition constant. *, p <0.05; **, p <0.01; ***, p <0.001; compared with the control (n = 3).

Fig. 6 in Free radical scavenging potency of ellagic acid and its derivatives in multiple H /e processes

Fig. 6. The mechanisms proposed for the radical scavenge reaction of compound 5 in different phases. The values for BDE, PA and ETE are in red, blue, and orange for the gas, benzene and water phases respectively. The data in the form of underline and bold represent the lowest value in the same phase. For example, in the gas phase, the 3 OH BDE of ellagic acid is lower than the BDE of the other groups, ETE and all of the PA. Thus, it is in the form of underline and bold. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 5 in Free radical scavenging potency of ellagic acid and its derivatives in multiple H /e processes

Fig. 5. The mechanisms proposed for the radical scavenge reaction of compound 4 in different phases. The values for BDE, PA and ETE are in red, blue, and orange for the gas, benzene and water phases respectively. The data in the form of underline and bold represent the lowest value in the same phase. For example, in the gas phase, the 4 OH BDE of ellagic acid is lower than the BDE of the other groups, ETE and all of the PA. Thus, it is in the form of underline and bold. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 2 in Free radical scavenging potency of ellagic acid and its derivatives in multiple H /e processes

Fig. 2. The mechanisms proposed for the radical scavenge reaction of compound 1 in different phases. The values for BDE, PA and ETE are in kcal/mol and in the color of red, blue, and orange for the gas, benzene and water phases respectively. The data in the form of underline and bold represent the lowest value in the same phase. For example, in the gas phase, the 3 OH BDE of ellagic acid is lower than the BDE of the other groups, ETE and all of the PA. Thus, it is in the form of underline and bold. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 4 in Free radical scavenging potency of ellagic acid and its derivatives in multiple H /e processes

Fig. 4. The mechanisms proposed for the radical scavenge reaction of compound 3 in different phases. The values for BDE, PA and ETE are in red, blue, and orange for the gas, benzene and water phases respectively. The data in the form of underline and bold represent the lowest value in the same phase. For example, in the gas phase, the 4 OH BDE of ellagic acid is lower than the BDE of the other groups, ETE and all of the PA. Thus, it is in the form of underline and bold. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 4 in Glandular trichome-derived sesquiterpenes of wild tomato accessions (Solanum habrochaites) affect aphid performance and feeding behavior

Fig. 4. Effect of pure β-caryophyllene and α-humulene on M. euphorbiae feeding performance (A–C) and choice behavior (D). Different amounts of a mix of pure β-caryophyllene and α-humulene (3:1 ratio) were added to the feeding diet. The data in (A), (B), and (C) show the comparison of Kaplan-Meier survival curves (logrank test, α =0.05), gel saliva density (Tukey's HSD, α =0.05), and number of honeydew drops (ANOVA, α = 0.05), respectively, upon addition of different amounts of pure sesquiterpenes to the artificial diet. The data in (D) represent the behavioral responses of aphid alatae to odors from leaves of c.v. M82 alone (right bars) or from leaves of c.v. M82 leaves in combination with different amounts of a mix of pure β-caryophyllene and α-humulene (left bars) (Chi-square goodness of fit; *, P <0.05; **, P <0.01).

Fig. 5 in Glandular trichome-derived sesquiterpenes of wild tomato accessions (Solanum habrochaites) affect aphid performance and feeding behavior

Fig. 5. α-Santalene and α-bergamotene producing tomato introgression line affects performance, feeding and choice behavior of M. euphorbiae. (A) Performance of M. euphorbiae apterae arrested on the leaf surface of S. lycopersicum LA4024, S. habrochaites LA1777, and the introgression lines LA3935, LA3934, LA3936, and LA3937. Values for longevity and fecundity are presented as mean ± SE and compared by Tukey's HSD test (α =0.05). (B) Kaplan-Meier estimates of survivorship of M. euphorbiae apterae feeding on artificial diets containing leaf dip extracts of S. lycopersicum LA4024, S. habrochaites LA1777, and the introgression line LA3935 (logrank test, α = 0.05). (C) and (D) Box plots represent means ± SE of gel saliva density (cm 2) and number of honeydew drops, respectively. Tukey's HSD tests (α = 0.05) are used for post-hoc analysis. (E) Choice of M. euphorbiae alatae between odors from LA4024 leaves alone (left bars) and from LA4024 leaves with added leaf dip extracts (100 and 300 μL) from the introgression line LA3935 or S. habrochaites LA1777 (right bars) (Chi-square goodness of fit; *, P <0.05; **, P <0.01).

Fig. 3 in Free radical scavenging potency of ellagic acid and its derivatives in multiple H /e processes

Fig. 3. The mechanisms proposed for the radical scavenge reaction of compound 2 in different phases. The values for BDE, PA and ETE are in red, blue, and orange for the gas, benzene and water phases respectively. The data in the form of underline and bold represent the lowest value in the same phase. For example, in the gas phase, the 3 OH BDE of ellagic acid is lower than the BDE of the other groups, ETE and all of the PA. Thus, it is in the form of underline and bold. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)