Find research datasets worth reusing
Search datasets from major research repositories and use ShareScore to quickly assess how well each record supports discovery, access, and reuse.
5,794
datasets available to search
ShareScore release 0.9.0
Dataset results
5,794 results for “exposures”
Early life exposure to environmental contaminants (BDE-47, TBBPA, and BPS) produced persistent gut dysbiosis in adult male mice
<p><span>The gut microbiome is a pivotal player in toxicological responses. We investigated the effects of maternal exposure to 3 human health-relevant toxicants (BDE-47, TBBPA, and BPS) on the composition and metabolite levels (bile acids [BAs] and short chain fatty acids [SCFAs]) of the gut microbiome in adult pups. CD-1 mouse dams were orally exposed to vehicle (corn oil, 10ml/kg), BDE-47 (0.2 mg/kg), TBBPA (0.2 mg/kg), or BPS (0.2 mg/kg) once daily from gestational day 8 to the end of lactation (postnatal day 21). 16S rRNA sequencing and targeted metabolomics were performed in fecal DNA of 12-week-old adult male pups (n=14-23/group). BPS had the most prominent effect on the beta-diversity of the fecal microbiome compared to TBPPA and BDE-47 (QIIME). Seventy-three taxa were persistently altered by at least 1 chemical, and 12 taxa were commonly regulated by all chemicals (most of which were from the <i>Clostridia</i> class and were decreased). The most distinct microbial biomarkers were <i>S24-7</i> for BDE-47,<i> Rikenellaceae </i>for TBPPA, and <i>Lactobacillus</i> for BPS (LefSe). The community-wide contributions to the shift in microbial pathways were predicted using FishTaco. Fecal BA output was persistently increased by all chemicals (LC-MS). TBBPA increased propionic acid and succinate, whereas BPS decreased acetic acid (GC-MS. In conclusion, maternal exposure to these toxicants persistently modified fecal microbiome and metabolites later in life, and dysbiosis may contribute to the mechanisms of developmental origins of adult-onset of toxic outcomes. </span></p>
Short-term exposure to the simple polyphenolic compound gallic acid induces neuronal hyperactivity in zebrafish larvae
<p>Zebrafish locomotor test</p> <p>Larval locomotion in zebrafish was investigated at 72 hpf using the automated analyzer DanioVision<sup>TM</sup> Observation Chamber (Noldus Information Technology). Larvae were individually exposed to 50 µg/ml GA dissolved in E3 medium. The activity was measured at three time points: 30, 60, and 180 min. The activity measured in treated and control larvae included: 1) total distance covered by each larva (total distance, in mm), 2) total time larvae spent moving (movement, in seconds), 3) mean velocity of each larva across movement measures (velocity, in mm/sec), 4) total number of rotations completed by each larva during the experiment (one rotation was counted every time larvae turned more than 180° left or right with respect to its own body axis, counted as the frequency of left and right rotations).</p> <p> </p> <p>Cadmium treatment of zebrafish larvae</p> <p>Two batches of wild-type larvae were exposed for 3 h (from 69 to 72 hpf) to 50 and 100 µM CdCl<sub>2</sub>·H<sub>2</sub>O in an E3 medium, respectively. Half of the 50 µM and half of the 100 µM treated larvae underwent the exposition to 50 µg/ml GA. The four obtained subgroups were: <em>i.</em> Cd 50 µM only treated larva; <em>ii.</em> <em>Cd 100</em> µM only treated; <em>iii</em>. Cd 50 µM exposed to GA larvae; and <em>iv</em>. 100 µM exposed to GA larvae. All the groups underwent the behavioral observations reported above. As control groups were used: one group (Control E3) consisting of larvae in E3 medium only, and a second control with larvae exposed to 50 µg/ml GA for 30 minutes only. Larval locomotion was evaluated in a 96-well plate using the automated analyzer DanioVision<sup>TM</sup> Observation Chamber (Noldus Information Technology). Each experiment was performed in triplicate.</p> <p> </p> <p>Neurotransmitter analyses</p> <p>Neur_data report the final concentration expressed as ng of neurotransmitter per larva.</p>
Data and R code for: Tariel J., Plénet S., and Luquet É. (2020). How do developmental and parental exposures to predation affect personality and immediate behavioural plasticity in the snail Physa acuta?
<p>Data and R code of the article: Tariel J., Plénet S., and Luquet É. (2020) How do developmental and parental exposures to predation affect personality and immediate behavioural plasticity in the snail <em>Physa acuta</em>? doi:<a href="http://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.1761">10.1098/rspb.2020.1761</a></p> <p>The dataset is provided (<em>data -Tariel, Plénet and Luquet (2020).csv</em>). This dataset is analyzed in the R script (<em>Juliette Tariel - R analysis.Rmd</em>). A knitted version of the R script is also provided in pdf format (<em>Juliette Tariel - R analysis.pdf</em>). Finally, a zip file is provided and contains several outputs, such as MCMCglmm objects or confint objects (<em>R outputs used in the analysis.zip</em>)</p> <p><strong>Signification of variables names:</strong></p> <ul> <li>ID: snail's identification number</li> <li>ID Family: identification number of the family of the F2 snail</li> <li>ID F1 mother: identification number of the mother of the F2 snail</li> <li>ID F1 father: identification number of the father of the F2 snail</li> <li>ID F0 grand-mother: identification number of the grand-mother of the F2 snail</li> <li>ID F0 grand-father: identification number of the grand-fathrt of the F2 snail</li> <li>Mass: total wet mass (body and shell) in grams</li> <li>Parental: parental environment (control C or predator-cue P)</li> <li>Developmental: developmental environment (C or P)</li> <li>Immediate: immediate environment (C or P)</li> <li>Trial_number</li> <li>Time: time to crawl-out of the water in seconds</li> </ul>
Exposure to low doses of Dechlorane Plus promotes adipose tissue dysfunction and glucose intolerance in mice
<p>The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) continues to increase worldwide. It is well established that genetic susceptibility, obesity, overnutrition and a sedentary life style are risk factors for the development of T2D. However, more recently, studies have also proposed links between exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and altered glucose metabolism. Human exposure to environmental pollutants suspected to have endocrine disruptor activity is ubiquitous. One such chemical is Dechlorane Plus, a flame retardant, that is now detected in humans and the environment. Here we show that exposure of mice to low, environmentally relevant doses of Dechlorane Plus (DP), promoted glucose intolerance in mice fed high fat diet independent of weight gain. Further, DP had pronounced effects on the adipose tissue, where it induced the development of hypertrophied white adipose tissue (WAT), and increased serum levels of resistin, leptin, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. Further, DP exposure induced "whitening" of brown adipose tissue (BAT), and reduced BAT <i>uncoupling protein 1</i> expression. Importantly, some of these effects occurred even when the mice were fed regular, low fat, diet. Finally, WAT adipogenic markers were reduced with DP treatment in the WAT. We also show that, DP directly inhibited insulin signalling in murine adipocytes and human primary subcutaneous adipocytes <i>in vitro</i>. Taken together, our results show that the exposure to low and environmentally relevant levels of DP may contribute to the development of T2D.</p>
Acute exposure of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) to chlorantraniliprole insecticide
<p>This study aimed to verify whether exposure to a commercial formulation of the chlorantraniliprole insecticide, which is used on rice crops, alters biochemical parameters in silver catfish (<em>Rhamdia quelen</em>). Fifty-four animals were distributed in six units per tank (n=6/repetition), in triplicate for each treatment: T1 - control (no insecticide), T2 (0.02 μg/L insecticide) and T3 (0.20 μg/L insecticide). Exposure lasted 24 or 96h, followed by a 96-h recovery in water free of pesticide. Results indicated biochemical changes in the levels of cortisol, glucose, lactate and plasma protein as well as few ionic alterations in the gills during exposure and recovery. The presence of chlorantraniliprole at 0.02 and 0.20 μg/L in water for acute exposure (sub-lethal) of silver catfish triggered osmoregulatory and/or biochemical imbalance under the tested conditions, and most of these alterations did not recover within 96h in clear water.</p>
Combined dark, 1000 sec exposure, Andor Aspen CG16M
<p>Combination of 100 dark images, each with exposure time 100 seconds.</p>
Data from: Mercury exposure in an endangered seabird: long-term changes and relationships with trophic ecology and breeding success
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Mercury (Hg) is an environmental contaminant which, at high concentrations, can negatively influence avian physiology and demography. Albatrosses (Diomedeidae) have higher Hg burdens than all other avian families. Here, we measure total Hg (THg) concentrations of body feathers from adult grey-headed albatrosses (<i>Thalassarche chrysostoma</i>) at South Georgia. Specifically, we: (i) analyse temporal trends at South Georgia (1989–2013) and make comparisons with other breeding populations; (ii) identify factors driving variation in THg concentrations; and, (iii) examine relationships with breeding success. Mean ± SD feather THg concentrations were 13.0 ± 8.0 µg g<sup>-1</sup> dw, which represents a threefold increase over the past 25 years at South Georgia and is the highest recorded in the <i>Thalassarche</i> genus. Foraging habitat, inferred from stable isotope ratios of carbon (<i>δ</i><sup>13</sup>C), significantly influenced THg concentrations – feathers moulted in Antarctic waters had far lower THg concentrations than those moulted in subantarctic or subtropical waters. THg concentrations also increased with trophic level (<i>δ</i><sup>15</sup>N), reflecting the biomagnification process. There was limited support for the influence of sex, age and previous breeding outcome on feather THg concentrations. However, in males, Hg exposure was correlated with breeding outcome – failed birds had significantly higher feather THg concentrations than successful birds. These results provide key insights into the drivers and consequences of Hg exposure in this globally important albatross population.</p>
Data from: Honey bees and neonicotinoid-treated corn seed: contamination, exposure, and effects
<p>Most corn (<i>Zea mays</i>) seeds planted in the US in recent years are coated with a seed treatment containing neonicotinoid insecticides. Abrasion of the seed coating generates insecticide-laden planter dust that disperses through the landscape during corn planting and has resulted in many 'bee-kill' incidents in North America and Europe. We investigated the linkage between corn planting and honey bee colony success in a region dominated by corn agriculture. Over three years we consistently observed an increased presence of corn seed treatment insecticides in bee-collected pollen and elevated worker bee mortality during corn planting. Residues of seed treatment neonicotinoids, clothianidin and thiamethoxam, detected in pollen positively correlated with cornfield area surrounding the apiaries. Elevated worker mortality was also observed in experimental colonies fed field-collected pollen containing known concentrations of corn seed treatment insecticides. We monitored colony growth throughout the subsequent year in 2015 and found that colonies exposed to higher insecticide concentrations exhibited slower population growth during the month of corn planting, but demonstrated more rapid growth in the month following, though this difference may be related to forage availability. Exposure to seed treatment neonicotinoids during corn planting has clear short-term detrimental effects on honey bee colonies and may affect the viability of beekeeping operations that are dependent on maximizing colony size in the springtime.<span> </span></p>
Association of leaf silicon content with chronic wind exposure across and within herbaceous plant species
<p class="AbstractSummaryCxSpFirst"><b>Aim:</b> High foliar silicon (henceforth Si) concentration protects plant tissues against herbivory but protection against several abiotic stressors has been proposed too, though the adaptive significance of these functions is still being debated. We aimed to explore the potential relationships between foliar Si content and chronic wind exposure across a large scale and multiple species, and analyze an overlooked alternative or complementary function of silicon in leaves: mechanical protection against wind.</p> <p class="AbstractSummaryCxSpMiddle"><b>Location:</b> Mainland China.</p> <p class="AbstractSummaryCxSpMiddle"><b>Time period:</b> From July to September during 2012–2014.</p> <p class="AbstractSummaryCxSpMiddle"><b>Major taxa studied:</b> 282 vascular plant species in predominantly herbaceous communities.</p> <p class="AbstractSummaryCxSpMiddle"><b>Methods:</b> We compiled a dataset for leaf silicon concentration [Si] across 27 sites and 153 herbaceous plots comprising the major climate zones of China. We hypothesized that evolutionary lineages that generally have high [Si] should show positive relationships between leaf [Si] and mean annual wind speed.</p> <p class="AbstractSummaryCxSpMiddle"><b>Results:</b> Within major families with generally high [Si] (especially grasses, sedges and composites), leaf [Si] is consistently positively correlated with mean wind speed among species across China. For the seven widespread monocot species with high leaf [Si], including the globally widely distributed common reed (<i>Phragmites australis</i>), intraspecific variation in leaf [Si] follows the same consistent positive correlation with mean wind speed.</p> <p class="AbstractSummaryCxSpMiddle"><b>Main conclusions</b>: Our findings suggest high leaf [Si] is likely to have widespread adaptive value for wind exposure of leaves, at least in several very widespread families and species of herbaceous plants. Damage from wind is a danger for plants in many ecosystems, and hence these findings are of global significance and indicate further research into large scale variation of leaf Si and mechanical traits in relation to wind exposure will likely be illuminating.</p>
Prenatal androgen exposure causes a sexually dimorphic transgenerational increase in offspring susceptibility to anxiety disorders
<p class="MsoBodyTextIndent">If and how obesity and elevated androgens in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affect their offspring's psychiatric health is unclear. Using data from Swedish population health registers, we showed that daughters of mothers with PCOS have a 78% increased risk of being diagnosed with anxiety disorders. We next generated a PCOS-like mouse (F<sub>0</sub>) model induced by androgen exposure during late gestation, with or without diet-induced maternal obesity, and showed that the first generation (F<sub>1</sub>) female offspring develop anxiety-like behavior, which is transgenerationally transmitted through the female germline into the third generation of female offspring (F<sub>3</sub>) in the androgenized lineage. In contrast, following the male germline, F<sub>3</sub> male offspring (mF<sub>3</sub>) displayed anxiety-like behavior in the androgenized and the obese lineages. Using a targeted approach to search for molecular targets within the amygdala, we identified five differentially expressed genes involved in anxiety-like behavior in F<sub>3</sub> females in the androgenized lineage and eight genes in the obese lineage. In mF<sub>3</sub> male offspring, three genes were dysregulated in the obese lineage but none in the androgenized lineage. Finally, we performed <i>in vitro</i> fertilization (IVF) using a PCOS mouse model of continuous androgen exposure. We showed that the IVF generated F<sub>1</sub> and F<sub>2</sub> offspring in the female germline did not develop anxiety-like behavior, while the F<sub>2</sub> male offspring (mF<sub>2</sub>) in the male germline did. Our findings provide evidence that elevated maternal androgens in PCOS and maternal obesity may underlie the risk of a transgenerational transmission of anxiety disorders in children of women with PCOS.</p>
Data from: Larval UV exposure impairs adult immune function through a trade-off with larval investment in cuticular melanin
Despite the strong impact of ultraviolet (UV) radiation on invertebrates, it is unknown whether it affects immune function across metamorphosis. More generally, the mechanisms on how larval stressors bridge metamorphosis and shape adult fitness in animals with a complex life cycle remain poorly understood. We studied whether cuticular melanin content is upregulated under UV exposure in the larval stage of the damselfly Coenagrion puella and whether this is traded off across metamorphosis against a key component of the invertebrate immune response, the melanotic encapsulation response, in the adult stage. Larvae exposed to UV increased the melanin content in their exoskeleton and metamorphosed later and at a smaller mass than animals reared without UV. Across metamorphosis, this was associated with a reduced melanotic encapsulation response, thereby constituting the first proof for a UV driven impaired immune response in an invertebrate. The demonstrated costs of UV exposure in terms of age and mass at metamorphosis and reduced adult immune response likely translate into reduced adult fitness. Path analysis indicated that the immunosuppressive property of larval UV exposure was not mediated by age and mass at metamorphosis, but instead that the adult immune response was traded off against larval cuticular melanin investment. Melanin-based trade-off across metamorphosis provide a new pathway by which effects of larval stressors are carried over to the adult stage and thereby advances our understanding of the still largely enigmatic mechanisms of carryover effects of larval stressors across metamorphosis. Given the mechanistic base, this carryover effect of larval UV exposure on adult immune function is expected to be general and may constitute a widespread and important cost of UV exposure in invertebrates.
Data from: Foraging bumblebees acquire a preference for neonicotinoid-treated food with prolonged exposure
Social bees represent an important group of pollinating insects but can be exposed to potentially harmful pesticides when foraging on treated or contaminated flowering plants. To investigate if such exposure is detrimental to bees, many studies have exclusively fed individuals with pesticide spiked food, informing us about the hazard but not necessarily the risk of exposure. Whilst such studies are important to establish the physiological and behavioural effects on individuals they do not consider the possibility that exposure may change over time. For example, many pesticide assays exclude potential behavioural adaptations, such as a rejection of harmful compounds by choosing to feed on an uncontaminated food source, which would behaviourally lower the risk of exposure. Here we conducted an experiment over 10 days in which bumblebees forage on an array of sucrose feeders containing a range of concentrations (0, 2 & 11 parts per billion) of the neonicotinoid pesticide thiamethoxam. We more closely mimic pesticide exposure in the wild by allowing foraging bees to experience i) a range of pesticide concentrations across a chronic exposure period, ii) repeated interactions with the pesticide, and iii) allowing foraging bees to retain the social cues associated with foraging by using whole colonies. We found that the proportion of visits to pesticide-laced feeders increased over time, resulting in the consumption of more pesticide-laced sucrose. After changing the spatial position of each feeder, foragers continued to preferentially visit the pesticide-laced food, indicating that workers can detect thiamethoxam and alter their behaviour to continue feeding from it. The increasing preference for consuming the neonicotinoid treated food, therefore increases the risk of exposure for the colony during prolonged pesticide exposure. Our results highlight the need to incorporate attractiveness of field relevant concentrations of pesticides to foraging bees (and other insect p
Data from: Inbreeding depression does not increase after exposure to a stressful environment: a test using compensatory growth
Background: Inbreeding is often associated with a decrease in offspring fitness ('inbreeding depression'). Moreover, it is generally assumed that the negative effects of inbreeding are exacerbated in stressful environments. This G × E interaction has been explored in many taxa under different environmental conditions. These studies usually manipulate environmental conditions either in adulthood or throughout an individual's entire life. Far fewer studies have tested how stressful environments only experienced during development subsequently influence the effects of inbreeding on adult traits. Results: We experimentally manipulated the diet (control versus low food) of inbred and outbred juvenile Eastern mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) for three weeks (days 7-28) to test whether experiencing a presumably stressful environment early in life influences their subsequent growth and adult phenotypes. The control diet was a standard laboratory food regime, while fish on the low food diet received less than 25 % of this amount of food. Unexpectedly, despite a large sample size (237 families, 908 offspring) and a quantified 23 % reduction in genome-wide heterozygosity in inbred offspring from matings between full-siblings (f = 0.25), neither inbreeding nor its interaction with early diet affected growth trajectories, juvenile survival or adult size. Individuals did not mitigate a poor start in life by showing 'compensatory growth' (i.e. faster growth once the low food treatment ended), but they showed 'catch-up growth' by delaying maturation. There was, however, no effect of inbreeding on the extent of catch-up growth. Conclusions: There were no detectable effects of inbreeding on growth or adult size, even on a low food diet that should elevate inbreeding depression. Thus, the long-term costs of inbreeding due to lower male reproductive success we have shown in another study appear to be unrelated to inbreeding depression for adult male size or the growth rates that are reported in the current study.
Data from: Chronic impairment of bumblebee natural foraging behaviour induced by sublethal pesticide exposure
1. Insect pollination is a vital ecosystem service that maintains biodiversity and sustains agricultural crop yields. Social bees are essential insect pollinators so it is concerning that their populations are in global decline. 2. Although pesticide exposure has been implicated as a possible cause for bee declines, we currently have a limited understanding of the risk these chemicals pose. Whilst environmental exposure to pesticides typically has non-lethal effects on individual bees, recent reports suggest that sublethal exposure can affect important behavioural traits such as foraging. However, at present we know comparatively little about how natural foraging behaviour is impaired and the relative impacts of acute and chronic effects. 3. Using Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tagging technology we examined how the day-to-day foraging patterns of bumblebees (Bombus terrestris) were affected when exposed to either a neonicotinoid (imidacloprid) and/or a pyrethroid (λ-cyhalothrin) independently and in combination over a four week period. This is the first study to provide data on the impacts of combined and individual pesticide exposure on the temporal dynamics of foraging behaviour in the field over a prolonged period of time. 4. Our results show that neonicotinoid exposure has both acute and chronic effects on overall foraging activity. While foragers from control colonies improved their pollen foraging performance as they gained experience, the performance of bees exposed to imidacloprid became worse: chronic behavioural impairment. We also found evidence suggesting that pesticide exposure can change forager preferences for the flower types from which they collect pollen. 5. Our findings highlight the importance of considering prolonged exposure (which happens in the field) when assessing the risk that pesticides pose to bees. The effects of chronic pesticide exposure could have serious detrimental consequences for both colony survival and also the pollination services provided by these essential insect pollinators.
Data from: Chronic exposure of Hawaii Island spinner dolphins (Stenella longirostris) to human activities
Habitat selection is strongly influenced by spatial variations in habitat quality and predation risk. Repeated exposure of wildlife to anthropogenic activities in important habitats may affect habitat selection, leading to negative biological consequences. We quantified the cumulative human exposure of a small, genetically-isolated and behaviourally-constrained spinner dolphin (Stenella longirostris) population, off Hawaii Island, and exposure effects on their daytime cumulative activity budget. Dolphins were exposed to human activities within 100m for 82.7% of the daytime, with a median duration of 10 min between exposure events. Individual dolphins spent on average 61.7% (SD=6.5) of their daytime resting. Of their total rest time, >90% occurred inside sheltered bays. Despite high levels of human exposure, we did not observe an effect on dolphin resting behaviour. The short intervals between exposure events likely prevent dolphins from returning to a natural resting state before the next event. Consequently, 'control' observations may represent a resting behaviour of a more vigilant nature. Chronic levels of exposure to human activities could lead to rest deprivation, displacement from preferred resting habitats and ultimately negative population level effects. These results have implications for new proposed legislation aiming to reduce dolphin exposure to human activities.
Data from: Maternal pathogen exposure causes diet- and pathogen-specific transgenerational costs
Transgenerational effects, whereby the environment experienced by a parent leads to an altered offspring phenotype, have now been described in a variety of taxa. In invertebrates, much of the research on these effects has concentrated on the role of parental exposure to pathogens or immune elicitors in determining offspring immune investment or disease resistance. To date, however, studies of transgenerational effects in invertebrates have generally been restricted to single infections or immune elicitors in ideal laboratory environments. Animals in field situations will commonly experience sub-optimal environments and co-infection by multiple species of parasites and pathogens, leading to increased relative costs of immune investment and changing fitness benefits from offspring responses to the parental environment. Here we investigate a more ecologically realistic scenario involving both multiple infections and resource limitation, using the Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella as a model host, challenged with the entomopathogenic bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis and fungus Beauveria bassiana. Mothers were exposed to low doses of one or both pathogens, or a control. Offspring from each family were reared on either good- or poor-quality food and then exposed to one or both pathogens. Maternal exposure to pathogens led to reduced pathogen resistance in offspring, depending on the combination of maternal and offspring pathogen-specific infections and resource limitation in the offspring generation. Much research to date has focussed on trans-generational immune priming, in which parental exposure to pathogens or immune elicitors leads to upregulated immune reactivity in their offspring. The lack of any such effects in our system suggests that the production of less resistant offspring following parental exposure to pathogens might be an important alternative, driven by costs of resistance rather than adaptive benefits.
Data from: Perinatal lead (Pb) exposure results in sex-specific effects on food intake, fat, weight, and insulin response across the murine life-course
Developmental lead (Pb) exposure has been associated with lower body weight in human infants and late onset obesity in mice. We determined the association of perinatal Pb exposure in mice with changes in obesity-related phenotypes into adulthood. Mice underwent exposure via maternal drinking water supplemented with 0 (control), 2.1 (low), 16 (medium), or 32 (high) ppm Pb-acetate two weeks prior to mating through lactation. Offspring were phenotyped at ages 3, 6, and 9 months for energy expenditure, spontaneous activity, food intake, body weight, body composition, and at age 10 months for glucose tolerance. Data analyses were stratified by sex and adjusted for litter effects. Exposed females and males exhibited increased energy expenditure as compared to controls (p<0.0001 for both). In females, horizontal activity differed significantly from controls (p = 0.02) over the life-course. Overall, food intake increased in exposed females and males (p<0.0008 and p<0.0001, respectively) with significant linear trends at 9 months in females (p = 0.01) and 6 months in males (p<0.01). Body weight was significantly increased in males at the medium and high exposures (p = 0.001 and p = 0.006). Total body fat differed among exposed females and males (p<0.0001 and p<0.0001, respectively). Insulin response was significantly increased in medium exposure males (p<0.05). Perinatal Pb exposure at blood lead levels between 4.1 µg/dL and 32 µg/dL is associated with increased food intake, body weight, total body fat, energy expenditure, activity, and insulin response in mice. Physiological effects of developmental Pb exposure persist and vary according to sex and age.
Data from: Exposure of avian embryos to cycling incubation temperatures reduces adult bactericidal ability
In birds, the temperature at which eggs are incubated shapes many aspects of hatchling phenotype, but long-term effects are less studied. We studied the effect of incubation temperature and pattern on the subsequent development of innate immune function in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). We incubated quail eggs in one of three replicated treatments: Control (37.5°C), Low (36.0°C), and Cyclical incubation. The Cyclical treatment had the same average temperature as the Low temperature treatment (36.0°C), and an upper temperature that was the same as the Control. When individuals were 5-, 20-, and 55-days of age (i.e., adults) we measured the ability of blood plasma to kill Escherichia coli. Throughout development there was a non- significant trend for immune function to be lower in the Cycling treatment. In adulthood however, individuals incubated at Cycling temperatures had significantly lower immune function than control birds but did not differ from individuals incubated at constant low temperatures. Males and females responded similarly to the incubation treatment, but females developed a greater bactericidal ability than males. We conclude that variation in innate immune function of adult birds is shaped by temperature fluctuations experienced during incubation.
Data from: The consequences of lifetime and evolutionary exposure to toxic prey: changes in avoidance behavior through ontogeny
Responses to novel threats (e.g. invasive species) can involve genetic changes or plastic shifts in phenotype. There is controversy over the relative importance of these processes for species survival of such perturbations, but we are realizing they are not mutually exclusive. Native eastern fence lizards (Sceloporus undulatus) have adapted to top-down predation pressure imposed by the invasive red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta) via changes in adult (but not juvenile) lizard antipredator behavior. Here we examine the largely ignored, but potentially equally important, bottom-up effect of fire ants as toxic prey for lizards. We test how fire ant consumption (or avoidance) is affected by lifetime (via plasticity) and evolutionary (via natural selection) exposure to fire ants by comparing field-caught and lab-reared lizards, respectively, from fire ant invaded and uninvaded populations. More naive juveniles from invaded populations ate fire ants than did adults, reflecting a natural ontogenetic dietary shift away from ants. Lab-reared lizards from the invaded site were less likely to eat fire ants than were those from the uninvaded site, suggesting a potential evolutionary shift in feeding behavior. Lifetime and evolutionary exposure interacted across ontogeny, however, and field-caught lizards from the invaded site exhibited opposite ontogenetic trends; adults were more likely to eat fire ants than were juveniles. Our results suggest that plastic and evolutionary processes may both play important roles in permitting species survival of novel threats. We further reveal how complex interactions can shape adaptive responses to multi-modal impacts imposed by invaders: in our system fire ants impose stronger bottom-up selection than top-down selection, with each selection regime changing differently across lizard ontogeny.
Data from: Exposure to predator models during the fertile period leads to higher levels of extra-pair paternity in blue tits
1) The perceived risk of predation can affect breeding behaviour and reduce reproductive success in prey species. Individuals exposed to predators may also adopt different mating tactics with potential consequences for the distribution of paternity in socially monogamous species that engage in extra-pair copulations. 2) We experimentally increased perceived predation risk during the fertile period in blue tits Cyanistes caeruleus. Every morning between nest completion and the onset of egg laying, we presented a model of either a predator or a non-predator (control) near active nestboxes. 3) Broods from pairs exposed to predators had higher levels of extra-pair paternity than control broods. This mainly resulted from a higher proportion of extra-pair offspring in broods with at least one extra-pair young. 4) Females exposed to predators first emerged from the nestbox later in the morning, stayed away from the nestbox for longer and were less likely to be visited at the nest by their social mate, but we detected no behavioural differences once the model was removed. 5) Our results suggest that the higher rates of extra-pair paternity resulted from the disruption of morning routines, which may have inhibited within-pair copulations or increased opportunities for females to engage in extra-pair copulations. We conclude that the perceived risk of predation can have substantial effects on levels of extra-pair paternity. 16-Sep-2019
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.