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opencc-zeroNov 2019View details →

FIG. 3 in Morphological and molecular evidence for synonymy of Cinclidotus confertus Lüth with C. riparius (Host ex Brid.) Arn.

FIG. 3. — Basal part of the peristome of A, Cinclidotus riparius (Host ex Brid.) Arn. (Lectotype of Trichostomum nigricans Brid., B 31 017701-1) and B, C. confertus Lüth (T. Kiebacher 930). Scales bars: 10 µm. Photos: T. Kiebacher.

opencc-zeroNov 2019View details →

FIG. 2 in Morphological and molecular evidence for synonymy of Cinclidotus confertus Lüth with C. riparius (Host ex Brid.) Arn.

FIG. 2. — Habit of A, Cinclidotus riparius (Host ex Brid.) Arn. (Lectotype of Trichostomum nigricans Brid., B 31 017701-1) and B, C. confertus Lüth (T.Kiebacher 930). Scale bars: 1 cm. Photos: T. Kiebacher.

opencc-zeroNov 2019View details →

FIG. 1 in Morphological and molecular evidence for synonymy of Cinclidotus confertus Lüth with C. riparius (Host ex Brid.) Arn.

FIG. 1. — Cinclidotus confertus Lüth at the type locality in Vikos Gorge (Epirus, Greece): A, Bolder where the type specimen was collected in 2000; B, Sporophyte bearing cushion of C. confertus. Photos: M. Lüth.

The data presented in Figure 6, the 120 mare domes hosting no RMDSs shown in Fig. 5, and all the RMDSs (more than 6400 in number) identified in Mare Tranquillitatis

The datasets presented here are provided as supporting information for our work, the detail of which is as below: Feng Zhang, James W. Head, Lionel Wilson, Yibo Meng, Christian Wӧhler, Dijun Guo, Shengli Niu, Roberto Bugiolacchi, Le Qiao, Yanan Dang, Yang Liu, Yongliao Zou Insights into Lunar Basaltic Volcanism from Mare Domes Superposed by Ring-Moat Dome Structures (RMDSs) in Mare Tranquillitatis Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, 129, e2023JE007969. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JE007969. A detailed description of these datasets is provided below: (1) 527_RMDSs_in_mare_plains_Fig6.csv Measured morphometric properties (e.g., diameter, height, slope, etc.) of the 527 RMDSs (Fig. 6), which are located in the lunar maira surrounding the 200 mare domes in the Tranquillitatis basin on the Moon as shown in the paper Fig. 4 (green solid circles and stars). (2) Supporting_Table_S1_Dome_Without_RMDS_120_Fig5.xlsx Locations and morphometric parameters of the 120 mare domes without being superposed by RMDSs: their locations can be found in the paper Fig. 4 (green stars) and their morphometric parameters (e.g., diameter, height, slope, volume, etc.) can refer to Figure 5 for statistics. The newly identified 38 mare domes hosting no RMDSs are labeled in red color, and they were not reported in previous studies. (3) 1027_RMDSs_on_domes_Fig6.csv Measured morphometric properties (e.g., diameter, height, slope, etc.) of the 1027 RMDSs (Fig. 6), which are located on the 80 mare domes in the Tranquillitatis basin on the Moon as shown in the paper Fig. 4 (green solid circles). (4) RMDSs in Tranquillitatis-Shp-style.zip All the RMDSs of ~6400 in number are located in Mare Tranquillitatis and have been identified up to the submission of the paper.

Spatial Mapping and Host Linking of Mobile Genetic Elements in Complex Microbiomes - Visualizing phage infection

We staged infections at four multiplicities of infection (MOI 0, 0.01, 0.1, and 1), and took snapshots every ten minutes over a 40-minute period. We designed FISH probes targeting the non-coding strand of the gp34 gene, which encodes a tail fiber protein and quantified cells with 5 or more MGE spots, less than 5 spots, and no spots

opencc-zeroJun 2023View details →

Host species differences in the thermal mismatch of host–parasitoid interactions

Extreme high temperatures associated with climate change can affect species directly, and indirectly through temperature-mediated species interactions. In most host–parasitoid systems, parasitization inevitably kills the host, but differences in heat tolerance between host and parasitoid, and between different hosts, may alter their interactions. Here, we explored the effects of extreme high temperatures on the ecological outcomes – including, in some rare cases, escape from the developmental disruption of parasitism – of the parasitoid wasp, Cotesia congregata, and two co-occurring congeneric larval hosts, Manduca sexta and M. quinquemaculata. Both host species had higher thermal tolerance than C. congregata, resulting in a thermal mismatch characterized by parasitoid (but not host) mortality under extreme high temperatures. Despite parasitoid death at high temperatures, hosts typically remain developmentally disrupted from parasitism. However, high temperatures resulted in a partial developmental recovery from parasitism (reaching the wandering stage at the end of host larval development) in some host individuals, with a significantly higher frequency of this partial developmental recovery in M. quinquemaculata than in M. sexta. Hosts species also differed in their growth and development in the absence of parasitoids, with M. quinquemaculata developing faster and larger at high temperatures relative to M. sexta. Our results demonstrate that co-occurring congeneric species, despite shared environments and phylogenetic histories, can vary in their responses to temperature, parasitism and their interaction, resulting in altered ecological outcomes.

opencc-zeroJun 2023View details →

Differentiation of rhizosphere fungal assemblages by host ploidy level in mixed-ploidy Larrea tridentata populations

Polyploidy—whole genome duplication—is common in plants. Studies over the last several decades have documented numerous mixed-ploidy populations. Whether arising via recurrent whole genome duplication events within a population, or from secondary contact, the persistence of mixed populations is possible by niche differentiation. Specifically, one mechanism facilitating ploidy co-occurrence is microbially-mediated niche differentiation (MMND), wherein cytotypes occupy different niches via interactions with different sets of microbes. Inherently cryptic, MMND is underexplored in polyploid plant populations. Here, we search for evidence of MMND in creosotebush (Larrea tridentata), a dominant desert shrub of the southwestern U.S. and northern Mexico. We sequenced root-associated fungal taxa in soil diploid, autotetraploid, and autohexaploid plants growing in two naturally-occurring mixed-cytotype populations. Within populations, we found substantial fungal assemblage overlap across host plant cytotypes. However, using indicator species analysis, we identified some fungi that are differentiated by host plant cytotype, satisfying a precondition for MMND. Future study is needed to determine the degree of niche differentiation conferred, if any, and whether the identified fungi play a role in the long-term persistence of multiple cytotypes within populations.

opencc-zeroJun 2023View details →

Data for: Consequences of microsporidian prior exposure for virus infection outcomes and bumble bee host health

Host-parasite interactions do not occur in a vacuum but in connected multi-parasite networks. Resulting co-exposures and coinfections during an individual host's lifetime can affect host health and infectious disease ecology, including disease outbreaks. However, many host-parasite studies examine pairwise interactions, meaning we still lack a general understanding of the influence of co-exposures and coinfections. Using the bumble bee Bombus impatiens, we study the effects of larval exposure to a microsporidian, Nosema bombi, implicated in bumble bee declines, and adult exposure to Israeli Acute Paralysis Virus (IAPV), an emerging infectious disease from honey bee parasite spillover. We hypothesize that infection outcomes will be modified by co-exposure or coinfection depending on relevant temporal interactions, due to changes in host immune allocation or condition. Nosema bombi is a potentially severe, larval-infecting parasite, and we predict that prior exposure will result in decreased host resistance to adult IAPV infection. We predict a double exposure will also reduce host tolerance, as measured by host survival. Although our larval Nosema exposure mostly did not result in viable infections, it reduced resistance to adult IAPV infection. Exposure to Nosema also negatively affected survival, potentially due to a cost of immunity in resisting the exposure. There was also a significant negative effect of IAPV exposure on survivorship, but in contrast to resistance, prior Nosema exposure did not alter this survival outcome. These results again demonstrate that infection outcomes within multi-parasite host networks can be non-independent, even when exposure to one parasite does not result in a substantial infection.

Fig. 3 – A in Mylabrini diversity and host plants in a Saharan oasis ecosystem with an updated checklist of Meloidae from Algeria (Coleoptera)

Fig. 3 – A, Mylabris impressa; B, Croscherichia litigiosa, C, Croscherichia gilvipes and D, a specimen of Alosimus sp. cfr. viridissimus.

Fig. 2 in Mylabrini diversity and host plants in a Saharan oasis ecosystem with an updated checklist of Meloidae from Algeria (Coleoptera)

Fig. 2 – Blister beetle habitats at Ouled Djellal palm groves; A, Oued El Assel, B, Oued Djdai and C, Saad.

Fig. 1 in First record of Tettigonia viridissima Linnaeus, 1758 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) as host of the ormiine Therobia leonidei Mesnil, 1964 (Diptera: Tachinidae)

Fig. 1 – The puparium of Therobia leonidei Mesnil, 1964, near the dead host, an adult female of Tettigonia viridissima Linnaeus, 1758.

Figs 13-16 – 13 in The egg endoparasitoids of Macrolenes dentipes (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), with description of a new species of Aprostocetus Westwood and notes on its host (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)

Figs 13-16 – 13, adults of Macrolenes dentipes infesting lentisk; 14, M. dentipes in copulation; 15, egg cluster; 16, egg with attached strand.

Figs 5-8 in The egg endoparasitoids of Macrolenes dentipes (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), with description of a new species of Aprostocetus Westwood and notes on its host (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)

Figs 5-8 – Aprostocetus macrolenei Viggiani, sp. nov. 5, male antenna; 6, genitalia; 7, particular of genitalia; 8, last instar larva of A. macrolenei.

Figs 1-4 in The egg endoparasitoids of Macrolenes dentipes (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), with description of a new species of Aprostocetus Westwood and notes on its host (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)

Figs 1-4 – Aprostocetus macrolenei Viggiani, sp. nov. 1, female; 2, antenna; 3, metanotum, and propodeum; 4, fore wing.

Figures 26 in Host Plant Records for Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) in the Pacific Islands

Figures 26 to 31. Bactrocera umbrosa (26), B. penefurva (27), B. neoxanthodes (28), B. xanthodes (29), B. decipiens (30), B. atrisetosa (31). All photos by Steve Wilson, Queensland Museum.

Figure 1 in Host Plant Records for Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) in the Pacific Islands

Figure 1. Map of the Pacific Island countries and territories, with area covered by this publication enclosed within the dotted line (courtesy from the Secretariat of the Pacific Community).

opencc-zeroJul 2023View details →

Lack of host specialization despite selective host use in brood parasitic cuckoo catfish

Host-parasite dynamics involves coevolutionary arms races, commonly leading to host specialization. General understanding of evolutionary trajectories of specialization in brood parasites is compromised by restricted focus on bird and insect lineages. We studied host utilization and host specificity in a natural population of the cuckoo catfish (Synodontis multipunctatus) which is an obligate parasite of parental care of mouthbrooding cichlids in Lake Tanganyika. On a sample of 779 host broods from 20 cichlid species, we detected four host species (with prevalence of parasitism of 2-18%). Phylogenetic analysis based on genomic (ddRAD sequencing) and mitochondrial (Dloop) data from cuckoo catfish embryos showed an absence of host-specific lineages, despite former indications of two morphological forms of the cuckoo catfish. This was corroborated by analyses of genetic structure and co-ancestry matrix. All host species were from the tribe Tropheini, maternal mouthbrooders that spawn over a substrate (rather than in open water). Parasitized host individuals carried smaller clutches (as cuckoo catfish prey on cichlid eggs), but did not differ in their body size or habitat use from non-parasitized conspecifics. We conclude that the cuckoo catfish is an intermediate generalist, selecting a subset of available cichlid species as hosts but not forming host-specific lineages. Brood parasitism in the cuckoo catfish arose in a lineage which lacks any parental care and we discuss costs and benefits of host specialization in this species and brood parasites in general.

Figures 32 in Host Plant Records for Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) in the Pacific Islands

Figures 32 to 37. B. strigifinis (32), B. triangularis (33), B. chorista (34), B. cucurbitae (35), Dacus axanus (36), D. solomonensis (37). All photos by Steve Wilson, Queensland Museum.

Figures 20 in Host Plant Records for Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) in the Pacific Islands

Figures 20 to 25. B. passiflorae (20), B. psidii (21), B. tinomiscii (22), B. trilineola (23), B. trivialis (24), and B. tryoni (25). All photos by Steve Wilson, Queensland Museum.

Figures 14 in Host Plant Records for Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) in the Pacific Islands

Figures 14 to 19. Bactrocera melanotus (14), B. moluccensis (15), B. musae (16), B. obliqua (17), B. papayae (18), B. paramusae (19). Photos by Steve Wilson, Queensland Museum, except for B. melanotus (Gerald McCormak).