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Fig. 3 in Glandular trichome-derived sesquiterpenes of wild tomato accessions (Solanum habrochaites) affect aphid performance and feeding behavior

Fig. 3. Choice behavior of M. euphorbiae alatae in an open Y-track olfactometer. (A) Choice of aphids between air and odors from leaves of different S. lycopersicum cultivars or S. habrochaites accessions. (B) Choice of aphids between odors from leaves of c.v. M82 and different S. habrochaites accessions. (C) Choice of aphids between odors from leaves of c.v. M82 leaves alone (left bars) and from leaves of c.v. M82 leaves with added S. habrochaites leaf dip extracts (right bars). Asterisks following each pair of bars indicates significant differences according to Chi-square goodness of fit (⋅, P <0.07; *, P <0.05; **, P <0.01).

Fig. 2 in Glandular trichome-derived sesquiterpenes of wild tomato accessions (Solanum habrochaites) affect aphid performance and feeding behavior

Fig. 2. Feeding performance of M. euphorbiae apterae on artificial diets containing leaf dip extracts of S. lycopersicum c.v. M82 and different S. habrochaites accessions (MTBE solvent control). (A) Kaplan-Meier estimates of survivorship and analysis of log-rank test (α =0.05). (B) Box and violin plots represent mean ± SE of gel saliva density (cm 2) and the probability density, respectively. (C) Number of honeydew drops accumulated in the feeding chambers. Asterisks in (B) and (C) represent significant differences between diets with leaf dip extracts and control based on Dunnett's test (⋅, P <0.08; *, P <0.05; **, P <0.01; ***, P <0.001).

Fig. 1 in Glandular trichome-derived sesquiterpenes of wild tomato accessions (Solanum habrochaites) affect aphid performance and feeding behavior

Fig. 1. Longevity (A) and fecundity (B) of M. euphorbiae apterae arrested on the leaf surface of two S. lycopersicum cultivars and different S. habrochaites accessions. Solanum habrochaites accessions represent five chemotypes characterized by the production of different sesquiterpenes in their glandular trichomes. Values for longevity and fecundity are presented as mean ± SE. Different letters indicate that logarithmic values were significantly different (Tukey's HSD test, α = 0.05).

Fig. 1 in Free radical scavenging potency of ellagic acid and its derivatives in multiple H /e processes

Fig. 1. The most stable optimized geometries of the ellagic acid (1) and its derivatives. The derivatives include 3-O-methylellagic acid (2), 3,3′-di-O-methylellagic acid (3), 3,3′,4′-tri-O-methylellagic acid (4) and 2,3,7-trihydroxychromeno [5,4,3-cde]chromene-5,10-dione (5). Intramolecular hydrogen-bonds are identified by the dash lines and the corresponding bond lengths are labeled beside the hydrogen-bond.

Fig. 2 in The asarone-derived phenylpropanoids from the rhizome of Acorus calamus var. angustatus Besser

Fig. 2. (A) Chiral HPLC profiles of compound 8a and 8b [Column: UniChiral OD-5H; Column size: 5 μm, 4.6 × 250 mm; Mobile phase: 90% n-hexane/10% ethanol (v/v); Flow rate: 1.0 mL/min; Wave length: UV 310 nm; Temperature: 25 ̊C.]; (B) calculated and experimental ECD spectra of 8a and 8b; (C) ΔδH(S−R) values (ppm, in pyridine-d5) obtained for the MTPA esters 8a.

Fig. 3. 1H in The asarone-derived phenylpropanoids from the rhizome of Acorus calamus var. angustatus Besser

Fig. 3. 1H NMR Spectrum of Z-to-E conversion of compound 2b after 10 days storage in CDCl3 solution at ambient temperature under daylight conditions.

Fig. 5 in Floro-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivative as a novel plant activator induces two-pathway immune system

Fig. 5. The synthetic route of 1-methyl-4-substituted phenylamino pyrazolo [3,4-d] pyrimidine derivatives (P1).

Fig. 7 in Floro-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivative as a novel plant activator induces two-pathway immune system

Fig. 7. The synthetic route of N-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazolo [3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-yl) substituted carboxamide derivatives (P3).

Fig. 6 in Floro-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivative as a novel plant activator induces two-pathway immune system

Fig. 6. The synthetic route of 1-methyl-4-substituted ether pyrazolo [3,4-d] pyrimidine derivatives (P2).

Fig. 4 in Floro-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivative as a novel plant activator induces two-pathway immune system

Fig. 4. Gene expression in Arabidopsis thaliana after treatment of chemicals. Bars (gray, PR1; black, PDF1.2) denote the mean ± STD of three independent biological replicates. (***P <0.01; **P <0.05; one-tailed t-test).

Fig. 4 in The asarone-derived phenylpropanoids from the rhizome of Acorus calamus var. angustatus Besser

Fig. 4. Effects of compounds 1–9 and stiripentol (STP) in human neuroblastoma cell SH-SY5Y. (A) Effects of compounds 1–9 and STP on cell viability in SH-SY5Y were measured by a CCK-8 assay. (B) Effects of 1–9 and STP on Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release in H2O2-injured SH-SY5Y. The results are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 8). *p <0.05 and **p <0.01, compared with H2O2 group; #p <0.05, compared with the control.

Fig. 1 in The asarone-derived phenylpropanoids from the rhizome of Acorus calamus var. angustatus Besser

Fig. 1. Chemical structures of compounds 1–20 (Green: undescribed compounds; Pink: previously described compounds with further structural analysis; '*': compounds were isolated from Acorus calamus var. angustatus Besser for the first time).

Fig. 4 in Triterpene glycosides and phenylpropane derivatives from Staurogyne concinnula possessing anti-angiogenic activity

Fig. 4. The effect of Fr.A, Fr.B, and compounds 1–5, 7 on tube-like structure formation on endothelial cells.

Fig. 5 in Twelve undescribed derivatives of ganoderic acid isolated from Ganoderma luteomarginatum and their cytotoxicity against three human cancer cell lines

Fig. 5. The apoptosis rate of compound 1 in HGC-27 cells. (A) The pro-apoptotic effect of compound 1 in HGC-27 cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. (B) Apoptosis rates of the control group and drug groups. Compound 1 treatment at 3.13, 6.25, 12.5, and 25 μM resulted in a significant increase in apoptosis rates in HGC-27 cells. Data are shown as mean ± SD of three independent experiments. *P <0.05 vs. untreated control.

Fig. 4 in Twelve undescribed derivatives of ganoderic acid isolated from Ganoderma luteomarginatum and their cytotoxicity against three human cancer cell lines

Fig. 4. The pro-apoptotic effect of compound 1 on HGC-27 cells. The cells were treated with different concentrations of 1 for 48 h and visualized for apoptotic bodies under fluorescent microscopy after staining with Hoechst 33,258.

Fig. 6 in Sesquiterpene derivatives from the agarwood of Aquilaria malaccensis and their anti-inflammatory effects on NO production of macrophage RAW 264.7 cells

Fig. 6. Effect of compound 4 on LPS-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 cells. Data are presented as the mean ± SD (n = 3) (*P <0.05, **P <0.01 compared to LPS group, #P <0.0001 compared to control group).

Fig. 2 in Comparative transcriptome analysis infers bulb derived in vitro cultures as a promising source for sipeimine biosynthesis in Fritillaria cirrhosa D. Don (Liliaceae, syn. Fritillaria roylei Hook.) - High value Himalayan medicinal herb

Fig. 2. (A–E) Differential gene expression analysis in comparative F. roylei transcriptome: (A) Heat-map showing differential gene expression in the bulb (PKW) vs callus (PK2); bulb (PKW) vs in vitro regenerated plantlets (PK1) and callus (PK2) vs in vitro regenerated plantlets (PK1); (B) Venn diagram represents the differential gene expression in PKW vs PK1; PKW vs PK2; PK2 vs PK1, (C–E) Volcano plots represents the differential gene expression in PKW vs PK1; PKW vs PK2; PK2 vs PK1 as colour description image, where p-value & log2 fold-change in red colour represents genes with log2 fold-change cut off 2 and p-value <=0.05; p-value in blue colour represents genes with no cut off on log2 fold-change and p-value <=0.05. Whereas, log2 fold-change in green colour represents genes with fold-change cut off 2 but no p-value cut off and non-significant (NS) in grey colour represents genes with no filter on log2 fold-change and p-value, respectively. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 1 in Comparative transcriptome analysis infers bulb derived in vitro cultures as a promising source for sipeimine biosynthesis in Fritillaria cirrhosa D. Don (Liliaceae, syn. Fritillaria roylei Hook.) - High value Himalayan medicinal herb

Fig. 1. (A–F) Functional annotations and unigenes classification of comparative F. roylei transcriptome: (A) Unigenes annotation with top 15 different plant species; (B) Top 5 pathway representation as per Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes; (C) Gene Ontology classification under the cellular component, molecular function, and biological process categories; (D) COG (Cluster of Orthologous Groups of proteins) classification into nine different categories; (E) Unigenes classification into major transcription factor families; (F) Gene family and sub-family classification using TAIR database.

Fig. 4 in Comparative transcriptome analysis infers bulb derived in vitro cultures as a promising source for sipeimine biosynthesis in Fritillaria cirrhosa D. Don (Liliaceae, syn. Fritillaria roylei Hook.) - High value Himalayan medicinal herb

Fig. 4. Comparative expression pattern validation for the sipeimine biosynthetic pathway genes as obtained from RNA-Seq data and qRT-PCR.

Fig. 3 in Comparative transcriptome analysis infers bulb derived in vitro cultures as a promising source for sipeimine biosynthesis in Fritillaria cirrhosa D. Don (Liliaceae, syn. Fritillaria roylei Hook.) - High value Himalayan medicinal herb

Fig. 3. Proposed sipeimine biosynthetic pathways in F. roylei. Heat-map showing gene expression in the bulb, callus, and regenerated plantlets. The genes were mapped using TPM (transcripts per kilobase million) values and colour-coded by increasing relative expression. The broken dotted arrow represents putative terminal biosynthesis steps. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)