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FIG. 3 in Discovery of Fallomus ladakhensis Nanda & Sahni, 1998 (Mammalia, Rodentia, Diatomyidae) in the lignites of Nong Ya Plong (Phetchaburi Province, Thailand): systematic, biochronological and paleoenvironmental implications

FIG. 3. — Fallomus ladakhensis Nanda & Sahni, 1998 from Nong Ya Plong, Thailand; A, SHM-CP 250, left mandible with p4-m3; B, TF 6181, left m1; C, SHM-CP 353, left mandible with p4-m2 (m3 broken); D, labial view of SHM-CP 250. Scale bars: 1 mm. Drawings by Laurence Meslin (ISEM).

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FIG. 4 in Discovery of Fallomus ladakhensis Nanda & Sahni, 1998 (Mammalia, Rodentia, Diatomyidae) in the lignites of Nong Ya Plong (Phetchaburi Province, Thailand): systematic, biochronological and paleoenvironmental implications

FIG. 4.— Fallomus ladakhensis Nanda & Sahni, 1998 from the Wakka Chu section, Ladakh, India; A, WINF/A 1707, right m3; B, WINF/A 1706, right m2 (holotype). Scale bar: 1 mm.

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FIG. 2 in Discovery of Fallomus ladakhensis Nanda & Sahni, 1998 (Mammalia, Rodentia, Diatomyidae) in the lignites of Nong Ya Plong (Phetchaburi Province, Thailand): systematic, biochronological and paleoenvironmental implications

FIG. 2. — Dental terminology used for the lower teeth (after Wood & Wilson 1936; Flynn et al. 1986): Aahd, anterior arm of hypoconid; Acd, anterocingulid (anterolophid); Et, entoconid; Etd, ectostylid; Hd, hypoconid; Hud, hypoconulid; Md, metaconid; Med.I, metalophulid I (ancestral paralophid); Med.II, metalophulid II (= protolophid or posterior arm of protoconid); Mstd, mesostylid; Prd, protoconid; Psd, posterolophid.

FIG. 5 in A highly derived docodont from the Patagonian Late Cretaceous: evolutionary implications for Gondwanan mammals

FIG. 5. — Molar evolution and cusp homologies in lower right molars of morganucodontids, docodontids, and reigitheriids. Posterior (left) and occlusal (right) views (anterior to the left; lingual below); A, Morganucodon; B, hypothetical Early or Middle Jurassic docodont; C, Docodon from the Late Jurassic Morrison Formation; D, hypothetical Late Jurassic or Early Cretaceous reigitheriid; E, Reigitherium bunodontum from the Campanian-?Maastrichtian La Colonia Formation, Patagonia. In the occlusal views (right), anteri- or is to the right, and lingual face is toward the bottom of the page. Abbreviations: "a", cusp a; a.a.l.c., anterior additional lower cusp; "c", cusp c; cr, crenelation; i.a.l.c., intermedium additional lower cusp; m.i.c.c., main internal cungulum cusp; p.c.c., posteri- or cingulum cusp; p.i.c.c., postero-internal cingulum cusp; p.a.l.c., posterior additional lower cusp; prd, protoconid; s, sulcus. Cusps nomenclature follows Jenkins (1969), except a.a.l.c., i.a.l.c. and p.a.l.c., that are new cusps and only known in Reigitherium bonodontum. Drawings are not to scale.

FIG. 3 in A highly derived docodont from the Patagonian Late Cretaceous: evolutionary implications for Gondwanan mammals

FIG. 3. — Reigitherium bunodontum Bonaparte, 1996, specimen MEF 606; SEM stereopairs in occlusal view. Scale bar: 1 mm.

FIG. 4 in A highly derived docodont from the Patagonian Late Cretaceous: evolutionary implications for Gondwanan mammals

FIG. 4.— Left pm4-m2 series of specimen MEF 606 of Reigitherium bunodontum Bonaparte, 1990; A, external view; B, internal view; C, occlusal view. Abbreviations: c, crenulations; s, sculus. Scale bar: 2 mm.

FIG. 1 in A highly derived docodont from the Patagonian Late Cretaceous: evolutionary implications for Gondwanan mammals

FIG. 1. — Generalized stratigraphic section of La Colonia Formation in Arroyo Mirasol Chico creek, Bajada Moreno area, Chubut Province, Argentina.

FIG. 2 in A highly derived docodont from the Patagonian Late Cretaceous: evolutionary implications for Gondwanan mammals

FIG. 2.— Reigitherium bunodontum Bonaparte, 1996, specimen MEF 606; A, B, fragment of left dentary with pm4-m2; A, external view; B, internal view; C, posterior view of the dentary section behind the m2; D, occlusal view of pm4-m2; E, posterior view of m2. Abbreviations: c, crenulations; s, sculus. Scale bars: 1 mm.

FIG. 9. — Sengoerichthys ottoman n. gen., n in A primitive megalichthyid fish (Sarcopterygii, Tetrapodomorpha) from the Upper Devonian of Turkey and its biogeographical implications

FIG. 9. — Sengoerichthys ottoman n. gen., n. sp., Upper Devonian,?Frasnian, red sandstone of Pamucak-Sapan Dere Unit, Upper Antalya Nappe; ArmutgÖZlek Tepe, Kemer, Antalya, Turkey; reconstruction of the palatoquadrate in lateral (A), medial (B), and posterior (C) views based on the specimen AT064 (Fig. 7A). Abbreviations: ac.qu, articular condyles of the quadrate; Ent, entopterygoid; in.pad, insertion area of the posterior adductor muscle of the mandible; pdn, posterodorsal notch of the entopterygoid; spc.g, groove for the spiracular canal; sph.re, spiraculo-hyomandibular recess. Scale bar: 10 mm.

FIG. 2. — Sengoerichthys ottoman n. gen., n in A primitive megalichthyid fish (Sarcopterygii, Tetrapodomorpha) from the Upper Devonian of Turkey and its biogeographical implications

FIG. 2. — Sengoerichthys ottoman n. gen., n. sp., Upper Devonian,?Frasnian, red sandstone of the Pamucak-Sapan Dere Unit, Upper Antalya Nappe; ArmutgÖZlek Tepe, Kemer, Antalya, Turkey; parieto-ethmoidal shield (AT050) in dorsal (A) and lateral (B) views, and internal mould of the sphenethmoid of the same specimen showing part of the palate and of the nasal capsules in dorsal view (C). Abbreviations: en, external nostril; nca, nasal capsule; onc, canal for the olfactory nerve. Scale bar: 10 mm.

FIG. 8. — A-E, Sengoerichthys ottoman n. gen., n in A primitive megalichthyid fish (Sarcopterygii, Tetrapodomorpha) from the Upper Devonian of Turkey and its biogeographical implications

FIG. 8. — A-E, Sengoerichthys ottoman n. gen., n. sp., Upper Devonian,?Frasnian, red sandstone of Pamucak-Sapan Dere Unit, Upper Antalya Nappe; ArmutgÖZlek Tepe, Kemer, Antalya, Turkey; A, incomplete left palatoquadrate and entopterygoid (AT064) in lateral (A1) and medial (A2) views; B, right entopterygoid in medial view (AT065); C, incomplete left entopterygoid in medial view (AT071); D, left cleithrum and scapulocoracoid (AT01) in medial (D1) and lateral (D2) views; E, incomplete left cleithrum in lateral view (AT02); F, G, cosmine covered elements assigned to Sengoerichthys n. gen. with some doubt; F,?anocleithrum in lateral view (AT066); G, scale or dermal bone fragment showing traces of cosmine resorption (AT070). Scale bar: 10 mm.

FIG. 7. — Sengoerichthys ottoman n. gen., n in A primitive megalichthyid fish (Sarcopterygii, Tetrapodomorpha) from the Upper Devonian of Turkey and its biogeographical implications

FIG. 7. — Sengoerichthys ottoman n. gen., n. sp., Upper Devonian,?Frasnian, red sandstone of Pamucak-Sapan Dere Unit, Upper Antalya Nappe; ArmutgÖZlek Tepe, Kemer, Antalya, Turkey; isolated maxilla (VDT10) in external view. Abbreviations: oa.Ju, overlap area for the jugal; oa.La, overlap area for the lacrimal. Scale bar: 10 mm.

FIG. 4. — Sengoerichthys ottoman n. gen., n in A primitive megalichthyid fish (Sarcopterygii, Tetrapodomorpha) from the Upper Devonian of Turkey and its biogeographical implications

FIG. 4. — Sengoerichthys ottoman n. gen., n. sp., Upper Devonian,?Frasnian, red sandstone of Pamucak-Sapan Dere Unit, Upper Antalya Nappe; ArmutgÖZlek Tepe, Kemer, Antalya, Turkey; internal moulds of otoccipitals in dorsal view (A, AT063; B, AT062). Abbreviations: Brf, fossa bridgei; pac, parotic crest; tfc, trigemino-facialis chamber. Scale bar: 10 mm.

FIG. 11. — Sengoerichthys ottoman n. gen., n in A primitive megalichthyid fish (Sarcopterygii, Tetrapodomorpha) from the Upper Devonian of Turkey and its biogeographical implications

FIG. 11. — Sengoerichthys ottoman n. gen., n. sp., Upper Devonian,?Frasnian, red sandstone of Pamucak-Sapan Dere Unit, Upper Antalya Nappe; ArmutgÖZlek Tepe, Kemer, Antalya, Turkey; right lower jaw in medial view based on the specimens AT055 and AT058 (Fig. 10A, B). Abbreviations: am.f, anterior mandibular fossa; da.co, denticulate area on the vertical lamina of the coronoids; f.co, coronoid fangs; m.sym, mandibular symphysis; Prart, prearticular; psym.f, parasymphysial fang; psym.p, parasymphysial plate. Scale bar: 10 mm.

FIG. 7 in Charophyte flora from the Miocene of Zahle (Beeka Valley, Lebanon). Biostratigraphic, palaeoenvironmental and palaeobiogeographical implications

FIG. 7. — Charophytes from the lacustrine deposits of Zahle, sample Zahle 2: A-H, Nitellopsis (T.) merianii (Al. Braun ex Unger, 1852) Grambast & Soulié-Märsche, 1972; A, apical view,no. 2017019 AUBGM; B, apical view, no. 2017020 AUBGM; C, apical view, no. 2017021 AUBGM; D, lateral view,no. 2017022 AUBGM; E, lateral view, no. 2017023 AUBGM; F, lateral view,no. 2017024 AUBGM;G, basal view,no. 2017025 AUBGM;H, basal view, no. 2017026 AUBGM; I, basal view, no. 2017027 AUBGM; J, K, basal plates of Nitellopsis (T.) merianii; J, basal plate, no. 2017028 AUBGM;K, basal plate, no. 2017029 AUBMG. Scale bars: A-H, 400 µm; J-K,100 μm.

FIG. 3 in Charophyte flora from the Miocene of Zahle (Beeka Valley, Lebanon). Biostratigraphic, palaeoenvironmental and palaeobiogeographical implications

FIG. 3. — Charophytes from the lacustrine deposits of Zahle, sample Zahle 1: A-H, Chara aff. microcera Grambast & Paul, 1965; A, lateral view, no. 2017001 AUBGM; B, lateral view, no. 2017002 AUBGM; C, lateral view, no. 2017003 AUBGM; D, lateral view, no. 2017004 AUBGM; E, apical view, no. 2017004 AUBGM; F, apical view, no. 2017002 AUBGM; G, basal view, no. 2017005 AUBGM; H, basal view, no. 2017006 AUBGM; I-K, Chara sp; I, apical view, no. 2017007 AUB- GM; J, lateral view, no. 2017008 AUBGM; K, basal view, no. 2017009 AUBGM. Scale bar: 200 μm.

FIG. 6 in Charophyte flora from the Miocene of Zahle (Beeka Valley, Lebanon). Biostratigraphic, palaeoenvironmental and palaeobiogeographical implications

FIG. 6. — Biometric values of Lychnothamnus barbatus var. antiquus Soulié-Märsche, 1989 from sample Zahle 2 (n = 40 gyrogonites): A, gyrogonite height (µm); B, gyrogonite width (µm); C, number of convolutions visible in lateral view; D, isopolarity index (ISI = h/w × 100).

FIG. 2 in Charophyte flora from the Miocene of Zahle (Beeka Valley, Lebanon). Biostratigraphic, palaeoenvironmental and palaeobiogeographical implications

FIG. 2. — Stratigraphic log for Zahle section (base of the lacustrine deposits of Zahle) showing a detail of a shallowing sedimentary cycle.

FIG. 1 in Charophyte flora from the Miocene of Zahle (Beeka Valley, Lebanon). Biostratigraphic, palaeoenvironmental and palaeobiogeographical implications

FIG. 1. — Geological sketch of the western part of the Bekaa Valley showing the location of the studied section (modified from Dubertret 1945).

FIG. 5 in Charophyte flora from the Miocene of Zahle (Beeka Valley, Lebanon). Biostratigraphic, palaeoenvironmental and palaeobiogeographical implications

FIG. 5. — Charophytes from the lacustrine deposits of Zahle, sample Zahle 2: A-H, Lychnothamnus barbatus var. antiquus Soulié-Märsche, 1989; A, apical view, no. 2017010 AUBGM; B, apical view, no. 2017011 AUBGM; C, basal view, no. 2017012 AUBGM; D, lateral view, no. 2017013 AUBGM; E, lateral view, no. 2017014 AUBGM; F, lateral view, no. 2017015 AUBGM; G, lateral view, no. 2017016 AUBGM; H, lateral view, no. 2017017 AUBGM. Scale bar: 500 μm.