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3,937 results for “number”
Data set: Grain Reynolds number scale effects in dry granular slides
<p>Scale series of velocity, flow depth and run out data for dry granular materials flowing down a slope with side walls. </p>
CountIt - An Auditory Experiment to Estimate the Number of Speakers
<p>Countit experiment data accompanying the Countit Paper: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8506601</p>
Grammatical Number in Welsh: Corpus
<p>Hello! This is the corpus that forms the basis of my monograph, <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/1467968x/2019/117/S1">Grammatical Number in Welsh: Diachrony and typology.</a></p> <p>Relevant data are reproduced in the book, but some readers may wish to access the full corpus here. You also need to check it for the comprehensive references to the <em>CBT</em> volumes, which were too numerous to include in the tables given in the book.</p> <p>The README file contains details of the corpus texts and has a list of abbreviations.</p> <p>For any queries, please contact me at silva.nurmio(at)helsinki.fi.</p>
Fig. 1 in Antennomere numbers in fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae): unique patterns and tentative explanations
Fig. 1. Antennal diversity of fireflies is remarkable both in shape and in antennomere numbers. AeF: Diversity of shapes of 11-jointed antennae: A, filiform (Photuris femoralis); B, serrate (Lucidota atra); C, serrate and uniflabellate, flabella compressed along the major axis of antenna (Scissicauda disjuncta); D, filiform and uniflabellate, flabella compressed perpendicular to major axis of antenna (Cladodes illigeri); E, biflabellate and symmetric (Roleta sp.); F, biflabellate and asymmetric (Lucio blattinum). Arrow points one of the smaller branches. GeJ: Diversity of shapes of antennae with numbers other than 11. G, filiform (Microphotus angustus, 9 antennomeres); H, petaliform (Petalacmis sp., 9 antennomeres); I, uniflabellate (Amydetes fastigiata, 35); J, biflabellate (Araucariocladus hiems, 18 antennomeres). f: flagellum, p: pedicel, s: scape. Sources: A: Souto et al. (2019); C: Silveira et al. (2016); D: Silveira et al. (2015); I: Silveira & Mermudes (2014).
FIGURE 3. Alonella dadayi Birge, 1910 parthenogenetic female from Pantanal, Brazil. A, trunk limb I. B in More than just the number of denticles: morphometric and limb variability in Neotropical cladoceran Alonella dadayi (Crustacea: Cladocera: Chydoridae)
FIGURE 3. Alonella dadayi Birge, 1910 parthenogenetic female from Pantanal, Brazil. A, trunk limb I. B, idem, arrows showing stiff setae on endites. C-D, idem, showing the variability of ODL and IDL. E, trunk limb II. F, idem, variability in the morphology of scrapers. G, trunk limb III. H, idem, outline of exopodite. I, trunk limb IV. J, idem, outline of exopodite. K, trunk limb V. L, idem, outline of exopodite. Scale bars = 50 μm. Figs. H, J, L were not scaled.
Subspecies and Distribution. R. c. cognatus K Andersen, 1906 - Andaman Is (South Andaman). R. c. famulus K. Andersen, 1918 - Andaman Is (North, Point, Interview, Baratang, and Narcondam). The species is not known from the Nicobar Is, despite a number of sources listing it from them. in Rhinolophidae
Subspecies and Distribution. R. c. cognatus K Andersen, 1906 - Andaman Is (South Andaman). R. c. famulus K. Andersen, 1918 - Andaman Is (North, Point, Interview, Baratang, and Narcondam). The species is not known from the Nicobar Is, despite a number of sources listing it from them.
FIGURE5. Maximum likelihood tree based on the Kimura 2-parameter model of the COI sequences from the Siphamia species with P. kauderni as the outgroup. Tree shown here has the highest log likelihood following 10 000 replications. The percentage of trees in which the associated taxa clustered together is shown next to the branches, branch lengths are measured in the number of substitutions per site and all positions containing gaps and missing data have been eliminated. in Redescription and distributional range extension of the Speckled Siphonfish, Siphamia guttulata (Pisces: Apogonidae)
FIGURE5. Maximum likelihood tree based on the Kimura 2-parameter model of the COI sequences from the Siphamia species with P. kauderni as the outgroup. Tree shown here has the highest log likelihood following 10 000 replications. The percentage of trees in which the associated taxa clustered together is shown next to the branches, branch lengths are measured in the number of substitutions per site and all positions containing gaps and missing data have been eliminated.
FIGURE 3. Median predorsal scales of Siphamia guttulata (A—paralectotype, AMS I.16306-001, 25.7 mm SL; B—CSIRO H 7457-01, 27 mm SL) and Siphamia tubifer (C—CSIRO H 6752-02, 31 mm SL). Scale bar = 0.5 mm. Yellow arrows point to first dorsal spine, numbers or pink arrows indicate median predorsal scales. Fifth median predorsal scale of Fig. C is a scale pocket as the scale has been lost. in Redescription and distributional range extension of the Speckled Siphonfish, Siphamia guttulata (Pisces: Apogonidae)
FIGURE 3. Median predorsal scales of Siphamia guttulata (A—paralectotype, AMS I.16306-001, 25.7 mm SL; B—CSIRO H 7457-01, 27 mm SL) and Siphamia tubifer (C—CSIRO H 6752-02, 31 mm SL). Scale bar = 0.5 mm. Yellow arrows point to first dorsal spine, numbers or pink arrows indicate median predorsal scales. Fifth median predorsal scale of Fig. C is a scale pocket as the scale has been lost.
List of tissue specimens of Hipposideros spp. used for cytochrome b sequencing and phylogenetic inference, with geographical data. Voucher refers to the location and/or accession number of the voucher, and tissue collection refers to the collection where the tissue is kept, and accession or collector numbers. Acronyms are as follows: Estación Biológica de DoZana, Sevilla, Spain (EBD), South Australia Museum, Adelaide, Australia (SAM), Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (SMF), Instituto de Ecología, Xalapa, México (IEX), Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA (LSU), Charles M. Francis, Canadian Wildlife Service, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (CMF), Lao Department of Forestry, Vientiane, Lao PDR, no catalogued (LAO). Next column indicates GenBank accession numbers. More information about the specimens is available in the GenBank records in A new species of bat of the Hipposideros bicolor group (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae) from Central Laos, with evidence of convergent evolution with Sundaic taxa
List of tissue specimens of Hipposideros spp. used for cytochrome b sequencing and phylogenetic inference, with geographical data. Voucher refers to the location and/or accession number of the voucher, and tissue collection refers to the collection where the tissue is kept, and accession or collector numbers. Acronyms are as follows: Estación Biológica de DoZana, Sevilla, Spain (EBD), South Australia Museum, Adelaide, Australia (SAM), Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (SMF), Instituto de Ecología, Xalapa, México (IEX), Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA (LSU), Charles M. Francis, Canadian Wildlife Service, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (CMF), Lao Department of Forestry, Vientiane, Lao PDR, no catalogued (LAO). Next column indicates GenBank accession numbers. More information about the specimens is available in the GenBank records
Avian MHC copy number variation is associated with helminth richness
<p>Genes of the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) play a key role in the adaptive immunity of vertebrates, as they encode receptors responsible for recognition of antigens. Evolutionary history of the MHC proceeded through numerous gene duplications, which increases the spectrum of pathogens recognized by individuals. Although pathogen-mediated selection is believed to be a primary driver of MHC expansion over evolutionary times, empirical evidence for this association is virtually lacking. Here, we used an extensive dataset on MHC class II copy number variation in non-passerine birds to test for an evolutionary correlation with helminth parasite richness. As expected, our phylogenetically-informed modelling revealed a positive association between MHC copy number and total helminth richness, even after controlling for a broad spectrum of ecological and life-history traits. Thus, total helminth richness appears to be the most important correlate of MHC copy number, supporting a leading role of pathogen-mediated selection in the evolution of MHC in birds. Our results provide some of the first, although correlative, evidence linking parasitism to inter-specific variation in MHC copy number among birds.</p>
Multi-year impact of maternal provisioning on a juvenile elasmobranch: pitfalls of tissue type and tracer number for stable isotope analysis
<p>Stable isotope data and R script for all the analysis referred to in the manuscript.</p>
[Dataset] Expanding the Number of Reviewers in Open-Source Projects by Recommending Appropriate Developers
<p>A rich collection of review and development data, including information about reviewers, developers and their<br> commits within five large ASF projects and four Gerrit communities.</p>
Level 2 spectra of the global solar irradiance in the wavelength range 290 - 500 nm measured at Aosta - Saint Christophe, Italy by the Bentham DTMc300 with serial number 5541 in 2006 - 2019
<p>The provided dataset includes the Level 2 <strong>spectral measurements</strong> (in Watt/m<sup>2</sup>/nm) of the solar irradiance in the range 290 - 500 nm, performed by the Bentham DTMc300 spectroradiometer with serial number 5541. The particular instrument performs automated continuous, high quality measurements at Aosta - Saint Christophe, Italy (45.7° N, 7.4° E, 570 m a.s.l.) since 2006. The Level 2 spectra are re-evaluated and homogenized and are currently available for the period 24 July 2006 - 8 July 2019. Each file contains the spectra for one day. The time (in UTC) for the measurements at 290, 400, and 500 nm is also provided for each spectral scan so that the user has also information for the duration of each scan.</p> <p>The daily <strong>noon UV index</strong> is also provided for the same period in the file "<strong>aao_noon_uvi_l2.dat</strong>". Erythemal doses have been calculated by weighting each spectrum with the CIE (1999) effective spectrum, and then integrating in the range 290 - 400 nm. Then the UV index has been calculated by dividing erythemal dose (in mWatt/m<sup>2</sup>) by 25. The noon UV index for each day has been calculated as the average of available measurements for ±15 minutes around the exact local noon.</p> <p>For further information for file format and contents please see the <strong>readme.txt</strong> file.</p> <p>Reference</p> <p>CIE: CIE S007/E-1998 Erythema reference action spectrum and standard erythema dose, Color Research & Application, 24, 158-158, 10.1002/(sici)1520-6378(199904)24:2<158::aid-col11>3.0.co;2-4, 1999.</p>
Raw data for "From Transparent Conduction to Coulomb Blockade at Fixed Hole Number"
<p>This archive contains the raw data material for the manuscript [1]</p> <blockquote>"From Transparent Conduction to Coulomb Blockade at Fixed Hole Number"<br> D. R. Schmid, P. L. Stiller, A. Dirnaichner, A. K. Hüttel<br> <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/pssb.202000253">Physica Status Solidi B (2020), doi: 10.1002/pssb.202000253</a></blockquote> <p>In particular, you will find here</p> <ul> <li>preparatory plots made with Gnuplot [2], and the corresponding Gnuplot scripts</li> <li>the raw data files in Gnuplot format, i.e., tab-separated columns</li> </ul> <p>The raw data files (ending in .dat) contain comment lines where in each file the data columns are explained.<br> The data has been measured using <a href="https://www.labmeasurement.de/">Lab::Measurement</a> [3,4].</p> <p>The canonic download location for this archive is on Zenodo [5].</p> <p>Changes compared to Version 1:</p> <ul> <li>Figure 1 has been re-worked, and the data files have been renamed according to the new panel numbering.</li> <li>The raw data for the new panel (c) has been included.</li> <li>The raw data of the former panel (b) has been moved to a subdirectory "old".</li> </ul> <p> </p> <p>[1] <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/pssb.202000253">Physica Status Solidi B (2020), doi: 10.1002/pssb.202000253</a><br> [2] <a href="http://gnuplot.info/">http://gnuplot.info/</a><br> [3] <a href="https://www.labmeasurement.de/">https://www.labmeasurement.de/</a><br> [4] <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cpc.2018.07.024">Computer Physics Communications <strong>234</strong>, 216–222 (2019)</a><br> [5] <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3780580">doi:10.5281/zenodo.3780580</a></p>
Data from: Assessing factors associated with changes in the numbers of birds visiting gardens in winter: are predators partly to blame?
The factors governing the recent declines observed in many songbirds have received much research interest, in particular whether increases of avian predators have had a negative effect on any of their prey species. In addition, further discussion has centred on whether or not the choice of model formulation has an effect on model inference. The study goal was to evaluate changes in the number of 10 songbird species in relation to a suite of environmental covariates, testing for any evidence in support of a predator effect using multiple model formulations to check for consistency in the results. We compare two different approaches to the analysis of long-term garden bird monitoring data. The first approach models change in the prey species between 1970 and 2005 as a function of environmental covariates, including the abundance of an avian predator, whilst the second uses a change-change approach. Significant negative relationships were found between Eurasian sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus and three of the 10 species analysed, namely house sparrow Passer domesticus, starling Sturnus vulgaris and blue tit Cyanistes caeruleus. The results were consistent under both modelling approaches. It is not clear if this is a direct negative impact on the overall populations of these species or a behavioural response of the prey species to avoid feeding stations frequented by sparrowhawks (which may in turn have population consequences, by reducing available resources). The species showing evidence of negative effects of sparrowhawks were three of the four species most at risk to sparrowhawk predation according to their prevalence in the predator's diet. The associations could be causal in nature, although in practical terms the reduction in the rate of change in numbers visiting gardens accredited to sparrowhawks is relatively small, and so unlikely to be the main driver of observed population declines.
Raw fitness data (offspring number and weight), main dataset for manuscript: Female-specific resource limitation does not make the opportunity for selection more female biased
<p>The present dataset contains the entirety of the raw empirical data used in the manuscript entitled: "Female-specific resource limitation does not make the opportunity for selection more female biased". This data is composed of offspring count and weight, which represent proxys of fitness. Fitness was assessed for males and females independently, and across three different experimental treatments. These fitness measures are used to calculate the opportunity for selection, as the variance in realtive fitness. Detailed methods regarding data collection can be found in the main manuscript.</p>
The names don't matter but the numbers do: searching for stability in Carboniferous brachiopod paleocommunities from the North American Midcontinent
A key question in paleoecology and macroevolution is whether assemblages of species (paleocommunities) are persistent entities that endure over millions of years. Whilst community turnover in the face of abiotic change is the presumed norm, paleocommunities have been shown to persist for long time periods and regardless of environmental disruption. It remains an open question however, as to what processes allow for this. We investigate these questions by analyzing the Carboniferous brachiopod paleocommunities from the Midcontinent of North America. These diverse communities were subjected to repeated and geologically rapid changes in sea level. Using a suite of statistical techniques, we characterize the nature and scope of changes in these paleocommunities over time. We find that, at the paleocommunity scale, there is no evidence for obdurate ecological stasis, with fluctuations in both taxonomic composition and the associated abundance of taxa. However, at a higher ecological scale, stability is manifest, as diversity patterns remain stable across time, with a consistent number of species that can exist in any given paleocommunity. This suggests ecological rules such as taxon packing are in effect, resulting in a form of ecological stability even in the face of constant disequilibrium, and parallels ecological patterns of disruption and recovery previously observed for invertebrate communities from modern marine systems. Based on these results, we advocate for consideration of different hierarchical entities and scales when interpreting the ecological dynamics of fossil assemblages, as focusing exclusively on changes in taxon identity/abundance or diversity levels can lead to very different results.
Data from: Viviparity does not affect the numbers and sizes of reptile offspring
<ol> <li>Viviparity (live-bearing) has independently evolved from oviparity (egg-laying) in more than 100 lineages of squamates (lizards and snakes).</li> <li>We might expect consequent shifts in selective forces to affect per-brood reproductive investment (RI = total mass of offspring relative to maternal mass) and in the way in which that output is partitioned (number <i>versus</i> size of offspring per brood). Based on the assumption that newly-born offspring are heavier than eggs, we predicted that live-bearing must entail either increased reproductive investment or a reduction in offspring size and/or fecundity.</li> <li>However, our phylogenetically-controlled analysis of data on 1,259 squamate species revealed no significant differences in mean offspring size, clutch size or RI between oviparous and viviparous squamates.</li> <li>We attribute this paradoxical result to (1) strong selection on optimal offspring sizes, unaffected by parity mode, (2) the lack of a larval stage in amniotes, favouring large eggs even in the ancestral oviparous mode, and (3) the ability of viviparous females to decrease the mass of uterine embryos by reducing extra-embryonic water stores.</li> <li>Our analysis shows that squamate eggs (when laid) weigh about the same as the hatchlings that emerge from them (despite a many-fold increase in embryo mass during incubation). Most of the egg mass is due to components (such as water stores and the eggshell) not required for oviductal incubation. That repackaging enables live-born offspring to be accommodated within the mother's body without increasing total litter mass.</li> <li>The consequent stasis in reproductive burden during the evolutionary transition from oviparity to viviparity may have facilitated frequent shifts in parity modes.</li> </ol>
Number of bovine animals tested by age group, reporting country and target group, 2019
<p>The tables contain the number of bovine animals tested by age group, reporting country and target group, 2019</p>
Data-driven subgrid-scale modeling of forced Burgers turbulence using deep learning with generalization to higher Reynolds numbers via transfer learning
<p>These are the data files for use with the codes in https://github.com/envfluids/Burgers_DDP_and_TL.</p>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.