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30,817 results for “type”
Late-time spectral line formation in Type IIb supernovae, with application to SN 1993J, SN 2008ax, and SN 2011dh
<p>Spectral models for stripped cores of M_ZAMS=12, 13, 17 Msun progenitors, 100-500d. Distance 7.8 Mpc assumed.</p>
National Museum of Natural History Type Data: NMNH type specimens
Type specimen information extracted from the research collections of the National Museum of Natural History (NMNH). <p></p>https://collections.nmnh.si.edu/search/ source: <p></p>https://collections.nmnh.si.edu/ipt/resource?r=nmnh_extant_dwc-a<p></p>Type specimen information extracted from the research collections of the National Museum of Natural History (NMNH). <p></p>https://collections.nmnh.si.edu/search/
Figs 7–9 in Notes on the preimaginal stages and the type locality of Cissatsuma berezowskii Krupitsky, 2018 (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)
Figs 7–9. Host plant and habitat of Cissatsuma berezowskii Krupitsky, 2018. 7, 8 – Spiraea lasiocarpa, host plant; 9 – a valley east Chuanzhusi town (Songpan County, Sichuan Province).
Persistent alveolar type 2 dysfunction and lung structural derangement in post-acute COVID-19
<p>SARS-CoV-2 infection can manifest as a wide range of respiratory and systemic symptoms well after the acute phase of infection in over 50% of patients. Key questions remain on the long-term effect of infection on tissue pathology and on recovered COVID-19 patients. Here we perform multiplexed imaging of post-mortem lung tissue from 12 individuals that died post-acute COVID-19 (PC) and compare them to patients who died during the acute phase of COVID-19, patients who died with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and otherwise healthy lung. We find evidence of viral presence in the lung up to 359 days after the acute phase of disease, often in patients with negative nasopharyngeal swab test. Our analyses identify accumulation of senescent alveolar type 2 cells, fibrosis with hypervascularization of peribronchial areas and alveolar septa, as the most pronounced pathophysiological features seen in the lung of PC patients. At the cellular level, lung disease of PC patients is distinct from the chronic pulmonary disease of IPF but shares pathological features which may help rationalize interventions for PASC patients. Altogether, this study provides an important ground for the understanding of the long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection at the microanatomical, cellular and molecular level.</p>
Nanopore sequencing of plasmid cleavage fragments produced with type III CRISPR-associated nucleases NucC, Can1 and Can2
<p>Included datasets were generated in the study "<strong>Sequence-specific capture and concentration of viral RNA </strong><strong>by type III CRISPR system enhances diagnostic"</strong> by Nemudraia et al., 2022</p> <p> </p> <p>For questions contact: Artem Nemudryi (artem.nemudryi@gmail.com) or Blake Wiedenheft (bwiedenheft.com)</p>
Adeno-associated virus type 2 in children from the United States with acute severe hepatitis
<p>This repository contains the metadata and code used in the analysis of the manuscript, <em>Adeno-associated virus type 2 in children from the United States with acute severe hepatitis.</em></p>
Image to Classify type of SSW in JRA55 (1958-2005)
<p>Imágenes de altura geopotencial a 10 hPa durante los SSW en el hemisferio Norte de 1958-2005 de JRA55. Usadas para clasificar el tipo de evento (División o desplazamiento de vórtice).</p>
Figures 10–17. Chrysina spp. genital structures. 10–15 in A new species of Chrysina Kirby (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae) from the Sierra Madre Occidental of Mexico, with notes on the type locality of Chrysina adelaida (Hope, 1841)
Figures 10–17. Chrysina spp. genital structures. 10–15) Male genital capsule dorsal (d), ventral (v) and lateral (l) habitus. 10–11) C. occidentalis holotype. 10) (d). 11) (v). 12–13) C. adelaida from Veracruz, Mexico. 12) (d). 13) (v). 14) C. occidentalis holotype (l). 15) C. adelaida from Veracruz, Mexico (l). 16–17) Female genital plates. 16) C. occidentalis from Sinaloa, Mexico. 17) C. adelaida from Veracruz, Mexico.
Figure 1 in A new species of Chrysina Kirby (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae) from the Sierra Madre Occidental of Mexico, with notes on the type locality of Chrysina adelaida (Hope, 1841)
Figure 1. Locations in Mexico of montane oak-pine forests (modified from Guzmán 2008) and of Chrysina populations studied in this work. Mountain ranges: SMOc Sierra Madre Occidental, TVB Trans Volcanic Belt, SMOr Sierra Madre Oriental, SMS Sierra Madre del Sur. States discussed in the text: A Aguascalientes, C Chihuahua, Co Coahuila, D Durango, G Guanajuato, Gu Guerrero, H Hidalgo, J Jalisco, Mx Estado de Mexico, Mi Michoacán, M Morelos, N Nayarit, NL Nuevo León, O Oaxaca, P Puebla, Q Queretaro, Si Sinaloa, So Sonora, T Tlaxcala, V Veracruz, Z Zacatecas.
Inferring Type II-P Supernova Progenitor Masses from Plateau Luminosities
<p>Data release for "Inferring Type II-P Supernova Progenitor Masses from Plateau Luminosities," B. Barker, E. O'Connor, and S. Couch. Submitted to ApJL. Data includes luminosities and inferred iron core masses for all observations used in the work, with uncertainties.</p>
Data for accurate cell type deconvolution in spatial transcriptomics using a batch effect-free strategy
<p>Simulated and experimental data used in the ReSort manuscript. It is necessary and sufficient to reproduce the results in the paper.</p>
Dataset supporting publication: Design Framework and Laboratory Experiments for Helix and Slinky Type Ground Source Heat Exchangers for Retrofitting Projects
<p>Dataset supporting publication: “Design Framework and Laboratory Experiments for Helix and Slinky Type Ground Source Heat Exchangers for Retrofitting Projects” (publication available for download: <a href="https://zenodo.org/record/7436458">GEOFIT Zenodo</a>).</p> <p>The focus of the experimental work was on shallow spiral geothermal heat exchanger configurations. Real-scale experiments were carried out for vertically oriented spiral collectors (helix) in sand and soil. One objective was to develop a measurement concept in laboratory environment to create a framework for a validated database. This database serves as the basis for further and new development of engineering design tools. To achieve the highest possible data-point density in the observed environment, temperature sensors and a fiber-optic temperature measurement system (DTS) were used. Soil probes were taken in situ before and after the measurements and analyzed at a thermophysical laboratory to determine material properties. The heat flow was controlled by an electric heating cable, which was installed in the form of a spiral-shaped heat exchanger in a 1 m³ container. To guarantee constant boundary conditions, the measurements were carried out in a climate chamber at a defined ambient temperature. The evaluation of the transient response behavior is spatially resolved. The results are coordinate-based temperature points, which describe temperature gradients in all axes of the container over time, which are combined with known soil properties. The collected data was used to develop computational fluid dynamic (CFD) models, which are used to extend the variety of geometry and soil configurations for developing new design tools.</p>
Floristic composition in three different forest types in western Amazonia
<p><span><span>Aim</span></span><span>: The latitudinal gradient is considered a first-order biogeographical pattern for most taxonomic groups. Yet, latitudinal changes in plant ecological communities are not always consistent, and this could be related to the physical and biological characteristics of different forest types. In this study, we compare latitudinal changes in floristic diversity (alpha diversity), composition (beta diversity), and dominance across different tropical forest types: floodplain, <em>terra</em> <em>firme</em>, and submontane forests. </span></p> <p><span><span>Location</span></span><span>: Western Amazonia (Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia).</span></p> <p><span><span>Taxon</span>: Woody plants. </span></p> <p><span><span>Methods</span></span><span>: We inventoried 1,978 species and 31,203 individuals of vascular plants with a diameter at breast height ≥ 2.5 cm in 118 0.1-ha plots over a 1,800-km latitudinal gradient in three different forest types. The relationships between alpha diversity, latitude, and forest type were analysed using generalised linear mixed models (GLMMs). Semi-parametric permutational multivariate analysis of variance was used to investigate the effects of latitude and forest type on beta diversity. Dominant species abundances were correlated with non-metric multidimensional scaling ordination axes to reflect their contributions in shaping changes in beta diversity. </span></p> <p><span><span>Results</span></span><span>: Alpha diversity increased towards equatorial latitudes in <em>terra</em> <em>firme</em> and submontane forests but remained relatively constant in floodplains. Beta diversity of all forest types changed with latitude, although less clearly in floodplains. Overall, the abundances of dominant species decreased towards the Equator, though in floodplains they were more homogeneous along the gradient.</span></p> <p><span><span>Main conclusions</span></span><span>: Alpha diversity, beta diversity and dominance patterns differed across forest types. In floodplain forests, the flooding regime is a strong predictor of floristic composition, which maintains alpha diversity constant along the latitudinal gradient. However, alpha and beta diversity in unflooded forests increase steadily towards equatorial latitudes. Furthermore, we found fewer dominant species contributing to changes beta diversity in floodplain forests. Shifts in abundance of dominant species over gradients can explain how beta diversity is driven differently per forest type.</span></p>
Sample locations of building types in Osaka-Kobe City-region
<p>Geopackage containing 100 sample locations for 12 different building types within the Osaka-Kobe City-region (total of 1200 samples for 2013-14). Data related to the following journal paper "<strong>Shrinkage and Morphological Change: A Study of Building Type Evolution in the Osaka-Kobe City-region in Japan</strong>"</p>
Linking ecological specialization to its macroevolutionary consequences: An example with passerine nest type
<p>A long-standing hypothesis in evolutionary biology is that the evolution of resource specialization can lead to an evolutionary dead end, where specialists have low diversification rates and limited ability to evolve into generalists. In recent years, advances in comparative methods investigating trait-based differences associated with diversification have enabled more robust tests of this idea and have found mixed support. We test the evolutionary dead end hypothesis by estimating net diversification rate differences associated with nest site specialization among 3,224 species of passerine birds. In particular, we test whether the adoption of hole-nesting, a nest site specialization that decreases predation, results in reduced diversification rates relative to nesting outside of holes. Further, we examine whether evolutionary transitions to the specialist hole-nesting state have been more frequent than transitions out of hole-nesting. Using diversification models that accounted for background rate heterogeneity and different extinction rate scenarios, we found that hole-nesting specialization was not associated with diversification rate differences. Furthermore, contrary to the assumption that specialists rarely evolve into generalists, we found that transitions out of hole-nesting occur more frequently than transitions into hole-nesting. These results suggest that interspecific competition may limit adoption of hole-nesting, but that such competition does not result in limited diversification of hole-nesters. In conjunction with other recent studies using robust comparative methods, our results add to growing evidence that evolutionary dead ends are not a typical outcome of resource specialization.</p>
Centroid values of aerosol optical properties for 8 sub-types based in AERONET inversion data (1993–2018)
<p>In this project, we adapted our previously defined 5 aerosol optical typology scheme (Hamill et al. 2016) to result in a more discriminating 8 aerosol typology scheme (Giordano 2019). Previously we presented an aerosol classification based upon AERONET level 2.0 almucantar retrieval products from the period 1993 to 2012. In the initial phases of this research, we opto-physically identified five major types of <strong>Bulk Columnar Aerosol</strong> (BCA) based solely upon intensive optical properties of spectral Single Scattering Albedo (<strong>SSA</strong>), spectral Indices of Refraction (real – <strong>RRI</strong> and imaginary – <strong>IRI</strong>), and two Angstrom Exponents (extinction – <strong>EAE</strong> and absorption – <strong>AAE</strong>). These BCA were classified as Maritime Aerosol, Dust Aerosol, Urban Industrial Aerosol, Biomass Burning Aerosol, and Mixed Aerosol. The classification of a particular observation as one of these aerosol types is determined by its five-dimensional Mahalanobis distance (MD) to the centroid of each reference cluster (itself a 5-D hyperellipsoid). To retain a greater number of AERONET sites in the study (200+), we kept the variable space to 5-D. To generate reference clusters, we only retained data points that were found to lie within 2 MD from the data centroid. Our typology is based on AERONET retrieved quantities, which do not include low optical depth values (AOD440nm < 0.4 as per AERONET criteria for almucantar scan inversion). </p> <p>The classifications obtained are made available to be used in interpreting aerosol retrievals from satellite-borne instruments and as input for regional climate models. A major result of this aerosol typology is a dataset describing the types of aerosol particles that are distinct from one another in optical properties and a geographic distribution of those aerosol types. We used the typology scheme upon the qualifying AERONET data archive and produced seasonal aerosol climatologies by aerosol type for each of the AERONET sites included in the study, regional aerosol climatology maps, and a time-integrated global aerosol climatology map based entirely upon ground-based photometric data (Giordano 2022). An internally hyperlinked compendium of the individual AERONET site aerosol climatologies was produced to contain the results of the first phase of this work [available at <a href="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S1352231016304265-mmc1.pdf">https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S1352231016304265-mmc1.pdf</a>]. Each of these original five aerosol types (Hamill et al. 2016, Giordano 2019) was further discriminated into specific sub-types by this same scheme to achieve an 8-aerosol typology (Giordano 2019 Chapter 2). For example, optical discrimination into specific sub-types of Biomass Burning aerosol may provide insight into sources exhibiting spectrally distinct smoke properties. Here we segmented the Biomass Burning Aerosol type into the sub-types of <em>Flaming</em> (<strong>BMF</strong>) and <em>Smoldering</em> (<strong>BMS</strong>) using the centroid separation method and the MD criteria for in-class inclusion was adjusted to 1.5 MD. Similarly, we found great confidence in discriminating the MIXED aerosol type into two distinct regimes which we simply labeled as <em>MIXEDtype1</em> (<strong>MIXED1</strong>) and <em>MIXEDtype2</em> (<strong>MIXED2</strong>). These can be visually verified by examining any one of many possible renditions of 3-D optical spaces noting their 5-D centroids are separated by a distance of 3.47-3.85 MD [Giordano 2019 Chapter 2]. Likewise, the Urban Industrial Aerosol class was further discriminated into European Urban Industrial (<strong>EURO UI</strong>) and North American (<strong>NA UI</strong>), whose 5-D centroids are separated by a distance of 2.60–3.08 MD. We then used the previously employed mathematical strategies to sort the global AERONET data retrievals into the aerosol types classified against their reference standards. We believe the strategies regarding aerosol differentiation using polarization data (Hamill, Piedra and Giordano 2020) are an additional method useful for analysis of the newer AERONET version 3 data retrievals, and data collected from the deployment of newer CIMEL sun-photometers (with enhanced polarization measurement capabilities) to the network. The resulting AERONET-based 8-aerosol optical typology, in a 5-D basis is useful for applications in aerosol optics, including direct forward modeling of radiative transfer to determine the effects of aerosol absorption and/or scattering on vertical heating profiles and ground received irradiance quantities, for input into more complicated remote sensing algorithms, used as calibration/validation values for in-situ and laboratory experimental studies, and evaluating radiative forcing calculations in atmospheric models.</p> <p>[Work related to an 8-aerosol typology in 6-D, 8-D, 9-D and 10-D optical property bases, and their files, are to be published subsequently as a different database project in 2023.]</p>
Summary statistics of cell-type specific cis-eQTLs in eight brain cell-types
<p>This dataset contains eQTL summary statistics for all SNPs-gene pairs in 8 major brain cell types (within 1MB window surrounding the TSS of each expressed gene). For each cell type, there is one file per chromosome.</p> <p>Column description:</p> <p>1. Gene_id</p> <p>2. SNP_id</p> <p>3. Distance to TSS</p> <p>4. Nominal p-value</p> <p>5. Beta</p> <p>In addition, a file contains the SNP positions (snp_pos.txt) and tested allele.</p> <p>Update February 2023: The summary statistics from our 'tissue-like' analysis were added (pb[1-22].gz). These file contain eQTL summary statistics after aggregating all reads from all nuclei for each individual (instead of per cell type).</p>
Text-fig. 14. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of "Stamen with Asteropollis-type pollen sp. 1"; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Stamen with pollen in situ; b–d) Pollen in situ in stamen in (a) showing poorly defined tetrachotomocolpate aperture and semitectate-reticulate tectum; e) Detail of pollen wall showing semitectate-reticulate tectum with long, scattered columellae supporting the narrow muri; note two irregular rows of minute verrucae ornamenting surface of muri. Specimen, Catefica 50- S170385 (a–e). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a), 20 Μm (b), 6 Μm (c, d), 1.5 Μm (e). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms
Text-fig. 14. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of "Stamen with Asteropollis-type pollen sp. 1"; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Stamen with pollen in situ; b–d) Pollen in situ in stamen in (a) showing poorly defined tetrachotomocolpate aperture and semitectate-reticulate tectum; e) Detail of pollen wall showing semitectate-reticulate tectum with long, scattered columellae supporting the narrow muri; note two irregular rows of minute verrucae ornamenting surface of muri. Specimen, Catefica 50- S170385 (a–e). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a), 20 Μm (b), 6 Μm (c, d), 1.5 Μm (e).
Text-fig. 11. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of isolated "Stamen fragment with Clavatipollenites-type pollen sp. 2"; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Fragment of tetrasporangiate stamen with pollen in situ; b) Detail from stamen fragment showing distal and proximal surfaces of in situ pollen grains; c) Pollen grain in distal view showing short colpus with irregular margin and aperture membrane covered by irregular verrucae; d) Detail of pollen wall showing tiny spherical orbicules; e) Detail of pollen wall showing the semitectate-reticulate tectum and long, scattered columellae supporting the narrow muri with finely verrucate supratectal ornamentation. Specimen, Catefica 50-S170389 (a–e). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a), 20 Μm (b), 6 Μm (c), 3 Μm (d), 1.5 Μm (e). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms
Text-fig. 11. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of isolated "Stamen fragment with Clavatipollenites-type pollen sp. 2"; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Fragment of tetrasporangiate stamen with pollen in situ; b) Detail from stamen fragment showing distal and proximal surfaces of in situ pollen grains; c) Pollen grain in distal view showing short colpus with irregular margin and aperture membrane covered by irregular verrucae; d) Detail of pollen wall showing tiny spherical orbicules; e) Detail of pollen wall showing the semitectate-reticulate tectum and long, scattered columellae supporting the narrow muri with finely verrucate supratectal ornamentation. Specimen, Catefica 50-S170389 (a–e). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a), 20 Μm (b), 6 Μm (c), 3 Μm (d), 1.5 Μm (e).
Text-fig. 13. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of "Staminate inflorescence fragment with Clavatipollenites-type pollen sp. 4"; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Fragment of stamen whorl from staminate inflorescence showing several closely packed, almost sessile stamens that lack a well-developed filament; b, c) Distal and proximal views of pollen grains showing poorly defined aperture with verrucate aperture membrane; d) Detail of pollen wall showing the semitectate-reticulate tectum and long, scattered columellae supporting the narrow muri with finely verrucate supratectal ornamentation. Specimen, Catefica 49-S107782 (a–d). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a), 6 Μm (b, c), 1.5 Μm (d). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms
Text-fig. 13. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of "Staminate inflorescence fragment with Clavatipollenites-type pollen sp. 4"; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Fragment of stamen whorl from staminate inflorescence showing several closely packed, almost sessile stamens that lack a well-developed filament; b, c) Distal and proximal views of pollen grains showing poorly defined aperture with verrucate aperture membrane; d) Detail of pollen wall showing the semitectate-reticulate tectum and long, scattered columellae supporting the narrow muri with finely verrucate supratectal ornamentation. Specimen, Catefica 49-S107782 (a–d). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a), 6 Μm (b, c), 1.5 Μm (d).
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.