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3,472 results for “Balance”
Data from: Aposematism: balancing salience and camouflage
Aposematic signals are often characterized by high conspicuousness. Larger and brighter signals reinforce avoidance learning, distinguish defended from palatable prey and are more easily memorized by predators. Conspicuous signalling, however, has costs: encounter rates with naive, specialized or nutritionally stressed predators are likely to increase. It has been suggested that intermediate levels of aposematic conspicuousness can evolve to balance deterrence and detectability, especially for moderately defended species. The effectiveness of such signals, however, has not yet been experimentally tested under field conditions. We used dough caterpillar-like baits to test whether reduced levels of aposematic conspicuousness can have survival benefits when predated by wild birds in natural conditions. Our results suggest that, when controlling for the number and intensity of internal contrast boundaries (stripes), a reduced-conspicuousness aposematic pattern can have a survival advantage over more conspicuous signals, as well as cryptic colours. Furthermore, we find a survival benefit from the addition of internal contrast for both high and low levels of conspicuousness. This adds ecological validity to evolutionary models of aposematic saliency and the evolution of honest signalling.
Data from: Quantification of the sit-to-stand movement for monitoring age-related motor deterioration using the Nintendo Wii Balance Board
Simple methods for quantitative evaluations of individual motor performance are crucial for the early detection of motor deterioration. Sit-to-stand movement from a chair is a mechanically demanding component of activities of daily living. Here, we developed a novel method using the ground reaction force and center of pressure measured from the Nintendo Wii Balance Board to quantify sit-to-stand movement (sit-to-stand score) and investigated the age-related change in the sit-to-stand score as a method to evaluate reduction in motor performance. The study enrolled 503 participants (mean age ± standard deviation, 51.0 ± 19.7 years; range, 20-88 years; male/female ratio, 226/277) without any known musculoskeletal conditions that limit sit-to-stand movement, which were divided into seven 10-year age groups. The participants were instructed to stand up as quickly as possible, and the sit-to-stand score was calculated as the combination of the speed and balance indices, which have a tradeoff relationship. We also performed the timed up and go test, a well-known clinical test used to evaluate an individual's mobility. There were significant differences in the sit-to-stand score and timed up and go time among age groups. The mean sit-to-stand score for 60s, 70s, and 80s were 77%, 68%, and 53% of that for the 20s, respectively. The timed up and go test confirmed the age-related decrease in mobility of the participants. In addition, the sit-to-stand score measured using the Wii balance board was compared with that from a laboratory-graded force plate using the Bland-Altman plot (bias = −3.1 [ms]-1, 95% limit of agreement: −11.0 to 3.9 [ms]-1). The sit-to-stand score has good inter-device reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.87). Furthermore, the test-retest reliability is substantial (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.64). Thus, the proposed STS score will be useful to detect the early deterioration of motor performance.
Supplementary data and Matlab code for China's HWP carbon balance assessment using Trade-Linked Approach
<p>The supplemtary data describe the fractions of the HWPs disposed of by each option in major countries/regions worldwide.</p> <p>The Matlab code is developed to produce the results of China's HWP carbon balance assessment using Trade-Linked Approach, an innovative generalizable approach for HWP carbon assessment.</p> <p>The data and code are free for academic use only.</p>
Hourly Balancing Authority Transfers, Streamflows, and Climate Data for Carolinas Region
<p>The data contain the electricity transfers and relevant indicators associated with nine exchanges between balancing authorities in the Carolinas region. The information comes from the following sources:</p> <p>Hydrology Dataset from USGS:</p> <p>CPLE<span> </span>02084557- Van Swamp near Hoke, NC</p> <p><span> </span>02089000- Neuse River near Goldsboro, NC</p> <p><span> </span>02087324-Crabtree Creek at US 1 at Raleigh, NC</p> <p>DUK<span> </span>0212427947- Reedy Creek at SR2803 near Charlotte, NC</p> <p><span> </span>0212430653- McKee Creek at SR2804 near Wilgrove, NC</p> <p><span> </span>02124080- Clarke Creek near Harrisburg, NC</p> <p>SC<span> </span>02171500- Santee River near Pineville, SC</p> <p><span> </span>02131010- Pee Dee River below Pee Dee, SC</p> <p><span> </span>02130980- Black Creek near Quinby, SC</p> <p>SCEG<span> </span>02175500- Salkehatchie River near Miley, SC</p> <p><span> </span>02176500- Coosawhatchie River near Hampton, SC</p> <p>YAD<span> </span>02121500- Abbotts Creek at Lexington, NC</p> <p>CPLW<span> </span>02140991- Johns River at Arneys Store, NC</p> <p>*CPLE = Duke Energy Progress East; DUK = Duke Energy Carolina; SC = Santee Cooper; SCEG = South Carolina Electric & Gas Company; YAD = Yadkin, Inc.; CPLW = Duke Energy Progress West</p> <p> </p> <p>Balancing Authority Data</p> <p><span>Nugent J, Chini C M, Peer R A M and Stillwell A S 2023 Monthly virtual water transfers on the U.S. electric grid Environ. Res. Infrastruct. Sustain. 3 035006</span></p> <p><span>Balancing Authority Climate Data</span></p> <p>Burleyson C, Thurber T and Vernon C 2023 Projections of hourly meteorology by balancing authority based on the IM3/HyperFACETS thermodynamic global warming (TGW) simulations (v1.0.0) [Data set] MSD-LIVE Data Repos.</p> <p>NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information 2024 U.S. Air Force 14th weather squadron (2013): United States Air Force 14th weather squadron surface weather observations (restricted). NCEI DSI 9966</p> <p> </p>
Consistent differences in tissue oxygen levels across 15 insect species reflect a balance between oxygen supply and demand and highlight a hitherto unknown adaptation for extracting sufficient oxygen from water
<p><span>Animals, including insects, need oxygen for aerobic respiration and eventually asphyxiate without it. Aerobic respiration, however, produces reactive oxygen species (ROS), which contribute to dysfunction and aging. Animals appear to balance risks of asphyxiation and ROS by regulating internal oxygen to low but sufficient levels. How much do levels vary among species, and how does variation depend on environment and life history? We predicted that lower internal oxygen levels occur in insects with either limited access to environmental oxygen (i.e., insects dependent on aquatic respiration, where low internal levels facilitate diffusive oxygen uptake, and reduce asphyxiation risks) or consistently low metabolic rates (i.e., inactive insects, requiring limited internal oxygen stores). Alternatively, we predicted insects with long life-stage durations would have internal oxygen levels > 1 kPa (preventing high ROS levels that are believed to occur under tissue hypoxia). We tested these predictions by measuring partial pressures of oxygen (PO<sub>2</sub>) in tissues from juvenile and adult stages across 15 species comprising nine insect orders. Tissue PO<sub>2</sub> varied greatly (from 0 to 18.8 kPa) and variation across species and life stages was significantly related to differences in habitat, activity level, and life stage duration. Individuals with aquatic respiration sustained remarkably low PO<sub>2</sub> (mean = 0.88 kPa) across all species from Ephemeroptera (mayflies), Plecoptera (stoneflies), Trichoptera (caddisflies), and Diptera (true flies), possibly reflecting a widespread, but hitherto unknown, adaptation for extracting sufficient oxygen from water. For Odonata (dragonflies), aquatic juveniles had higher PO<sub>2</sub> levels (mean = 6.12 kPa), but these were still lower compared to terrestrial adults (mean = 13.3 kPa). Follow-up tests in juvenile stoneflies showed that tissue PO<sub>2</sub> remained low even when exposed to hyperoxia, suggesting that levels were down-regulated. This was further corroborated since levels could be modulated by ambient oxygen levels in dead individuals. In addition, tissue PO<sub>2</sub> was positively related to activity levels of insect life stages across all species and was highest in stages with short durations. Combined, our results support the idea that internal PO<sub>2</sub> is an evolutionarily labile trait that reflects the balance between oxygen supply and demand within the context of the environment and life-history of an insect.</span></p>
Data from: Functional implications of omnivory for dietary nutrient balance
Captive experiments have shown that many species regulate their macronutrient (i.e. protein, lipid and carbohydrate) intake by selecting complementary food types, but the relationships between foraging strategies in the wild and nutrient regulation remain poorly understood. Using the pine marten as a model species, we collated available data from the literature to investigate effects of seasonal and geographic variation in diet on dietary macronutrient balance. Our analysis showed that despite a high variety of foods comprising the diet, typical of a generalist predator, the macronutrient energy ratios of pine martens were limited to a range of 50–55% of protein, 38–42% of lipids and 5–10% of carbohydrates. This broad annual stabilisation of macronutrient ratios was achieved by using alternative animal foods to compensate for the high fluctuation of particular prey items, and sourcing non-protein energy (carbohydrates and fats) from plant-derived foods, particularly fruits. Macronutrient balance varied seasonally, with higher carbohydrate intake in summer–autumn, due to opportunistic fruit consumption, and higher protein intake in winter–spring. In terms of their proportional dietary carbohydrate intake the pine marten's nutritional strategy fell between that of true carnivores (e.g. the wolf) and more omnivorous feeders (e.g. the European badger). However, in terms of energy contributed by protein pine martens are equivalent to obligate carnivores such as the wolf and domesticated cat, and different to some omnivorous carnivores such as the domesticated dog and grizzly bears.
PUDL Raw EIA Form 930 -- Hourly and Daily Balancing Authority Operations Report
<p>The EIA Form 930 provides hourly demand and generation statistics by balancing area (or sub-balancing area in the case of some larger areas). These statistics include a breakdown by energy source (coal, gas, hydro, wind, solar, etc.) as well as interchange between the balancing areas, including international exchanges with Canada and Mexico. Archived from <a href="https://www.eia.gov/electricity/gridmonitor/">https://www.eia.gov/electricity/gridmonitor/</a></p> <p>This archive contains raw input data for the Public Utility Data Liberation (PUDL) software developed by <a href="https://catalyst.coop">Catalyst Cooperative</a>. It is organized into <a href="https://specs.frictionlessdata.io/data-package/">Frictionless Data Packages</a>. For additional information about this data and PUDL, see the following resources: </p><ul> <li><a href="https://github.com/catalyst-cooperative/pudl">The PUDL Repository on GitHub</a></li> <li><a href="https://catalystcoop-pudl.readthedocs.io">PUDL Documentation</a></li> <li><a href="https://zenodo.org/communities/catalyst-cooperative/">Other Catalyst Cooperative data archives</a></li> </ul> <p></p>
"Four decades increase in gross photosynthesis of boreal forests balanced out by increase in ecosystem respiration" data and codes
<p>Data and codes related to the manuscript "Four decades increase in gross photosynthesis of boreal forests balanced out by increase in ecosystem respiration".</p>
Nonlinear sensitivity of glacier-mass balance to climate attested by temperature-index models; synthetic data
<p>Synthetic data and results of the PDD model used in the paper <a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2022-210">https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2022-210</a></p>
Combined translational and rotational perturbations for standing balance reveal contributions of reduced reciprocal inhibition to balance impairments in children with cerebral palsy
<p>Toe-up rotational perturbations to perturb standing balance in 20 children with cerebral palsy and 20 typically developing children. </p> <p>Raw C3D files, processed IK, BK, EMG data</p> <p>Outcome results used for plotting </p> <p>4 perturbation levels (L1-L4), with each 8 trials, were provided with increasing difficulty. When children were able to perform at least 5 out of 8 trials without stepping, they could proceed to the next level. <br> Pre-print: https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.03.28.23287868</p>
Fish shrinking, energy balance and climate change
<p><strong>'1_Daily_oxygen_consumption.R</strong> to<strong> 5_Feeding_duration.R': </strong>R scripts used to investigate effect of temperature and feeding treatments on oxygen consumption of sardines</p> <p><strong>'6_Figure 2.R': </strong>script of Figure 2</p> <p><strong>'Daily_consumption_mgO2_rel2'</strong>: Dataset of daily oxygen consumption (AUC) per tank, date, feeding treatment and temperature</p> <p><strong>'Duration_feeding_activity'</strong>: Dataset of feeding duration calculated per tank, date, feeding treatment and temperature. 'Fin_repas=999999' means no end was detected.</p> <p><strong>'Feeding_slope'</strong>: Dataset of oxygen consumption slopes during feeding period.</p> <p><strong>'Fiche_suivi_bassins'</strong>: Experiemental monitoring dataset</p> <p><strong>'Slope_segmented_end_feeding_manip1_2_and_3_and_fas'</strong>: Dataset of slopes estimated during feeding using moving window (per date, tank, feeding treatment and temperature).</p> <p><strong>'Slopes_part1_V2', 'Slopes_part2_V2', 'Slopes_part3_V2' = </strong>Datasets including slopes per feeding treatment, date, tank and temperature</p> <p><strong>'TABLEAU_mgO2_rel2': </strong>Dataset of oxygen consumption estimations per feeding treatment, date, tank and temperature</p> <p><strong>'Manip_.txt'</strong> : Raw data of oxygen concentration in tanks acquired during this study</p>
A Study to Evaluate the Mass Balance of [14C] SY-5007 in Healthy Adult Male Subjects in China
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06352190. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Improving Autonomic Function and Balance in Diabetic Neuropathy
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01864460. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
The Effect of Kinesiotaping on Sprint and Dynamic Balance in Children
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04979286. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Effects of Positive Energy Balance and Exercise on Appetite Hormones in Sedentary Men and Women
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01354600. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Effects of Different Walking Exercises on Pain, Physical Performance and Balance in Knee Osteoarthritis
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06802107. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Effects of Beverage Volume, Glycerol Concentration, and Sodium Concentration on Fluid Balance in Healthy Euhydrated Men and Women at Rest
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06854471. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Effects of Exercise Training on Functional Physical Fitness, Balance and Walking in the Community-dwelling Older Adults
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04812587. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
The Study of Association Between Intradialysis Sodium Balance and Clinical Outcomes in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02487004. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
A Study on the Substance Balance of [14C]XY0206 in Healthy Adult Chinese Men
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06823232. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.