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4,230 results for “Energie”
Data from: Computer simulations show that Neanderthal facial morphology represents adaptation to cold and high energy demands, but not heavy biting
Three adaptive hypotheses have been forwarded to explain the distinctive Neanderthal face: 1) an improved ability to accommodate high anterior bite forces, 2) more effective conditioning of cold and/or dry air, and, 3) adaptation to facilitate greater ventilatory demands. We test these hypotheses using three-dimensional models of Neanderthals, modern humans, and a close outgroup (H. heidelbergensis), applying finite element analysis (FEA) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD). This is the most comprehensive application of either approach applied to date and the first to include both. FEA reveals few differences between H. heidelbergensis, modern humans and Neanderthals in their capacities to sustain high anterior tooth loadings. CFD shows that the nasal cavities of Neanderthals and especially modern humans condition air more efficiently than does that of H. heidelbergensis, suggesting that both evolved to better withstand cold and/or dry climates than less derived Homo. We further find that Neanderthals could move considerably more air through the nasal pathway than could H. heidelbergensis or modern humans, consistent with the propositions that, relative to our outgroup Homo, Neanderthal facial morphology evolved to reflect improved capacities to better condition cold, dry air, and, to move greater air volumes in response to higher energetic requirements.
Data from: Convergence in organ size but not energy metabolism enzyme activities among wild Lake Whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) species pairs
The repeated evolution of similar phenotypes by similar mechanisms can be indicative of local adaptation, constraints or biases in the evolutionary process. Little is known about the incidence of physiological convergence in natural populations, so here we test whether energy metabolism in 'dwarf' and 'normal' Lake Whitefish evolves by similar mechanisms. Prior genomic and transcriptomic studies have found that divergence in energy metabolism is key to local adaptation in whitefish species pairs, but that distinct genetic and transcriptomic changes often underlie phenotypic evolution among lakes. Here, we predicted that traits at higher levels of biological organization, including the activities of energy metabolism enzymes (the product of enzyme concentration and turnover rate) and the relative proportions of metabolically active tissues (heart, liver, skeletal muscle), would show greater convergence than genetic and transcriptomic variation. We compared four whitefish species pairs and found convergence in organ size whereby all dwarf whitefish populations have a higher proportion of red skeletal muscle, three have relatively larger livers and two have relatively larger ventricles than normal fish. On the other hand, hepatic and muscle enzyme activities showed little convergence and were largely dependent on lake of origin. Only the most genetically divergent species pair (Cliff Lake) displayed white muscle enzyme activities matching results from laboratory-reared normal and dwarf whitefish. Overall, these data show convergence in the evolution of organ size, but not in the activities of candidate enzymes of energy metabolism, which may have evolved mainly as a consequence of demographic or ecological differences among lakes.
On Reducing the Energy Consumption of Software Product Lines
<p>This dataset contains the results and the tools to reproduce experiments related to the paper On Reducing the Energy Consumption of Software Product Lines.</p>
Water, energy and food data in Central Asia
<p>Water, energy and food data in five Central Asian countries that are collected from public data sources.</p>
Database of the work "Sensitivity analysis as support for reliable life cycle cost evaluation an application on eleven nearly zero-energy buildings in Europe"
<p>This database reports the detailed results of the work "Sensitivity analysis as support for reliable life cycle cost evaluation an application on eleven nearly zero-energy buildings in Europe" published on the journal Sustainable Cities and Society.</p> <p>In particular, it includes the main sensitivity indices and life cycle cost values of eleven nZEB buildings across Europe as calculated within the H2020 project CRAVEzero (Cost Reduction and market Acceleration for Viable nearly zero-Energy buildings).</p> <p> </p>
Membrane lipid metabolism, heat shock response, and energy costs mediate the interaction between acclimatization and heat hardening response
<p>Thermal plasticity on different timescales, including acclimation/acclimatization and heat hardening response – a rapid adjustment for thermal tolerance after a nonlethal thermal stress, can interact on organisms to improve the resilience to thermal stress. However, little is known about the physiological mechanisms mediating this interaction. To investigate underpinnings of heat hardening responses after acclimatization in warm season, we measured thermal tolerance plasticity, compared transcriptomic and metabolomic changes after heat hardening at 33 or 37<sup>o</sup>C followed by recovery of 3 h or 24 h in an intertidal bivalve <i>Sinonovacula constricta</i>. The clams showed explicit heat hardening responses after acclimatization in warm season. The higher inducing temperature (37<sup>o</sup>C) caused a less effective heat hardening effect than the inducing temperature that was closer to seasonal maximum temperature (33<sup>o</sup>C). Metabolomic analysis highlighted the elevated contents of membrane glyceropholipids in all heat hardened clams, which may help to maintain structure and function of membrane. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) tended to be up-regulated after heat hardening at 37<sup>o</sup>C but not at 33<sup>o</sup>C, indicating that there was no complete dependency of heat hardening effects on up-regulated HSPs. Enhanced energy metabolism and decreased energy reserves were observed after heat hardening at 37<sup>o</sup>C, suggesting more energy costs during exposure to higher inducing temperature which may restrict heat hardening effects. These results highlighted the mediating role of membrane lipid metabolism, heat shock responses and energy costs in the interaction of heat hardening response and seasonal acclimatization, and benefit the mechanistic understanding of evolutionary change and thermal plasticity during global climate change.</p>
Analyzing time-energy constraints to understand the links between environmental change and local extinctions in terrestrial ectotherms
<p>Accelerated extinction rates have prompted an increased focus on the interplay between environmental change and species response. The effects of environmental change on thermal opportunity are typically considered through a climate change context. However, habitat alteration can also have strong effects on the thermal environment. Additionally, habitat alteration is considered a leading factor of species extinction, yet few studies address the influence of habitat alteration on thermal opportunity and time-energy budgets in at-risk species. Here we show the strong effects that habitat degradation can have on thermal opportunity, time energy-budgets, and life history demographics of local populations. In the Ozark Mountains of northern Arkansas, woody vegetation encroachment has resulted in a shift in life history traits that appears to play an important role in recent extirpations of Eastern Collared Lizards (<i>Crotaphytus collaris</i>). Populations in degraded habitats experienced a decline in thermal opportunity and less time-at-body temperatures (time-at-<i>Tb</i>) suitable for digestion compared to those in intact habitats. We used our data to model the effect of reduced time-at-<i>Tb</i> on the net assimilated energy available for growth and reproduction. Our model predicts a ca. 46% decline in annual fecundity of individuals – which is similar to empirical observations of reproduction of <i>C. collaris</i> populations in degraded habitats (~49%). We conclude that <i>C. collaris</i> in degraded habitats experienced reduced growth and reproduction primarily as a result of constrained thermal opportunity leading to a decline in digestive processing rates. Our study applies an under-appreciated approach to identify the biophysical and time-energy effects of habitat alteration.</p>
Velocity, density and energy budget statistics from the article: Validation and application of the lattice Boltzmann algorithm for a turbulent immiscible Rayleigh-Taylor system
<p>We develop a multicomponent lattice Boltzmann (LB) model for the 2D Rayleigh--Taylor turbulence with a Shan-Chen pseudopotential implemented on GPUs. Accuracy of the LB model is tested both for early and late stages of instability. For the developed turbulent motion we analyze the balance between different terms describing variations of the kinetic and potential energies. Then, we analyze the role of interface in the energy balance, and also the effects of the vorticity induced by the interface in the energy dissipation. Statistical properties are compared for miscible and immiscible flows.</p> <p>In this Dataset, we have included the files for the statistics of the energy budget for the miscible and immiscible Rayleigh-Taylor flows studied in the referred article.</p> <p>We also included the examples of the density and velocity fields showed in the Figures 1 and 2 of the article.</p>
Single molecule images for: An empirical energy landscape reveals mechanism of proteasome in polypeptide translocation
<p>The ring-like ATPase complexes in the AAA+ family perform diverse cellular functions that require coordination between the conformational transitions of their individual ATPase subunits. How the energy from ATP hydrolysis is captured to perform mechanical work by these coordinated movements is not known. In this study, we developed a novel approach for delineating the nucleotide-dependent free-energy landscape (FEL) of the proteasome's heterohexameric ATPase complex based on complementary structural and kinetic measurements. We used the FEL to simulate the dynamics of the proteasome and quantitatively evaluated the predicted structural and kinetic properties. The FEL model predictions were widely consistent with experimental observations in this and previous studies and suggested novel features of the mechanism of proteasomal ATPase. We find that the cooperative movements of the ATPase subunits result from the design of the ATPase hexamer entailing a unique free-energy minimum for each nucleotide-binding state. ATP hydrolysis dictates the direction of substrate translocation by triggering an energy-dissipating conformational transition of the ATPase complex.</p>
CMT Energy Transition Dataset 1 (Exmouth Plateau)
<p>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence, attribution: “Geoscience Australia”.</p> <p>Dataset available as a Petrel project: Northwest Shelf, Australia (containing Chandon Field), acknowledgements: Chris Jackson (Imperial), source: Geoscience Australia.</p>
CMT Energy Transition Dataset 2 (Scarborough Field)
<p>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, attribution: "Geoscience Australia".</p> <p>Dataset available as a Petrel project: Northwest Shelf, Australia (containing Scarborough Field), acknowledgements: Chris Jackson (Imperial), source: Geoscience Australia.</p>
Digital breast tomosynthesis and contrast-enhanced dual-energy digital mammography alone and in combination compared to 2D digital synthetized mammography and MR imaging in breast cancer detection and classification
<p>We uploaded the dataset of included patients of manuscript: Petrillo A, Fusco R, Vallone P, Filice S, Granata V, Petrosino T, Rosaria Rubulotta M, Setola SV, Mattace Raso M, Maio F, Raiano C, Siani C, Di Bonito M, Botti G. Digital breast tomosynthesis and contrast-enhanced dual-energy digital mammography alone and in combination compared to 2D digital synthetized mammography and MR imaging in breast cancer detection and classification. Breast J. 2020 May;26(5):860-872. doi: 10.1111/tbj.13739. Epub 2019 Dec 30. PMID: 31886607.</p>
Evaluation of average glandular dose and investigation of the relationship with compressed breast thickness in dual energy contrast enhanced digital mammography and digital breast tomosynthesis.
<p>We uploaded the average absorbed glandular dose (AGD), compressed breast thickness (CBT) and compression force (CF) values of of Dual energy contrast enhanced digital mammography (CEDM) related to the manuscript: Fusco R, Raiano N, Raiano C, Maio F, Vallone P, Mattace Raso M, Setola SV, Granata V, Rubulotta MR, Barretta ML, Petrosino T, Petrillo A. Evaluation of average glandular dose and investigation of the relationship with compressed breast thickness in dual energy contrast enhanced digital mammography and digital breast tomosynthesis. Eur J Radiol. 2020 May;126:108912. doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2020.108912. </p>
Data from: Socio-economic impacts of energy access through off-grid systems in rural communities: A case study of South-West Nigeria
<p><span><span>The development of resilient energy systems is important for sustainable cities and communities. However, in countries with insufficient national energy supply, electricity distributors rarely consider remote communities due to their distant settlement, low electricity demand and poor payment capabilities. The United Nations has set a goal to deliver universal energy access by 2030, hence, it has become imperative to deploy clean and affordable off-grid mini-grid solutions to previously abandoned communities. Access to energy in rural communities is expected to result in unlocking their economic potentials. This paper investigates the impact of a solar hybrid mini-grid on the socio-economic growth of local entrepreneurs in Gbamu Gbamu village, Nigeria. A total of 83 Micro and Small Enterprises has been surveyed, descriptive statistics, paired-sample t-test, cross-tabulation, and Chi-square test, were used to assess the performance of businesses before and after electrification. The outcomes include the number of business enterprises created, employment statistics, energy expenses and income generated. Regression analysis was conducted on the relationship between the average income generated by businesses and independent socio-economic variables such as gender, marital status, household size, age, education level, years of business establishment, hours of operation, building tenure, capital source, number of employees, generator ownership and the days of operation. </span></span></p>
Supplementary Data: sampedro-etal_2021_Applied_Energy
<p>Supplementary Information for the following publication:</p> <p>Sampedro, J., Kyle, P., Ramig, C.W., Tanner, D., Huster, J.E., and Wise, M.A. "<em>Dynamic linking of upstream energy and freight demands for bio and fossil energy pathways in the Global Change Analysis Model</em>". Applied Energy. Accepted Manuscript (Aug 2021)</p>
The influence coefficients used in Wind Energy Science paper "A computationally efficient engineering aerodynamic model for swept wind turbine blades"
<p>The influence coefficients for the convective correction with full double-precision floating-point accuracy. This is the supplement for the research article: "A computationally efficient engineering aerodynamic model for swept wind turbine blades", submitted to Wind Energy Science journal.</p> <p>Code language: Fortran</p>
Intraspecific variation and energy channel coupling within a Chilean kelp forest
<p>The widespread importance of variable types of primary production, or energy channels, to consumer communities has become increasingly apparent. However, the mechanisms underlying this 'multichannel' feeding remain poorly understood, especially for aquatic ecosystems that pose unique logistical constraints given the diversity of potential energy channels. Here, we use bulk tissue isotopic analysis along with carbon isotope (δ<sup>13</sup>C) analysis of individual amino acids to characterize the relative contribution of pelagic and benthic energy sources to a kelp forest consumer community in northern Chile. We measured bulk tissue δ<sup>13</sup>C and δ<sup>15</sup>N for >120 samples; of these we analyzed δ<sup>13</sup>Cvalues of six essential amino acids (EAA) from nine primary producer groups (n=41) and eleven representative nearshore consumer taxa (n=56). Using EAA δ<sup>13</sup>C data, we employed linear discriminant analysis (LDA) to assess how distinct EAA δ<sup>13</sup>C values were between local pelagic (phytoplankton/particulate organic matter), and benthic (kelps, red and green algae) endmembers. With this model, we were able to correctly classify nearly 90% of producer samples to their original groupings, a significant improvement on traditional bulk isotopic analysis. With this EAA isotopic library, we then generated probability distributions for the most important sources of production for each individual consumer and species using a bootstrap-resampling LDA approach. We found evidence for multichannel feeding within the community at the species level. Invertebrates tended to focus on <i>either</i> pelagic or benthic energy, deriving 13–67% of their EAA from pelagic sources. In contrast, mobile (fish) taxa at higher trophic levels used more equal proportions of each channel, ranging from 19–47% pelagically-derived energy. Within a taxon, multichannel feeding was a result of specialization among individuals in energy channel usage, with 37 of 56 individual consumers estimated to derive >80% of their EAA from a single channel. Our study reveals how a cutting-edge isotopic technique can characterize the dynamics of energy flow in coastal food webs, a topic which has been historically difficult to address. More broadly, our work provides a mechanism as to how multichannel feeding may occur in nearshore communities, and we suggest this pattern be investigated in additional ecosystems.</p>
Supplementary Table S1 from "Temperature-Dependent Estimation of Gibbs Energies Using an Updated Group-Contribution Method"
<p>Supplementary Table S1 containing reaction and compound thermodynamic data used for making temperature and ion concentration corrections to thermodynamic estimates for aqueous biochemical reactions.</p>
Energy Harvesting for Self-Powered Sensors for Smart Transportation Infrastructure
<p>This research aims to develop an innovative approach for energy harvesting from transportation infrastructures and demonstrate the feasibility of the approach through laboratory testing and field demonstration. The proposed innovative approach of energy harvesting, termed as electromagnetic energy harvesting system (EMEHSs), can be used to power wireless sensors commonly used for health monitoring of bridges. This EMEHS has expected to be simple, but effective in harvesting kinetic energy and converting it to electric power for wireless sensors. Practical and economic feasibility and field implementation of the device on a bridge will also be investigated in this work. Based on detailed numerical simulations and modeling, a larger-scale device will be first tested in the laboratory and then will be installed on a bridge to demonstrate the technology and its effectiveness in powering typical health monitoring sensors.</p>
Integration of prosumer peer-to-peer trading decisions into energy community modelling
<p>Peer-to-peer (P2P) exchange of renewable energy is an attractive option to empower citizens to actively participate in the energy transition. Whereas previous research has assessed P2P communities primarily from a techno-economic perspective, little is yet known about prosumer preferences for solar power trading. Importantly, the impacts of community members’ trading decisions on key performance indicators such as individual electricity bills, community autarky, and grid stress remain unknown. Here, we assess P2P trading strategies of German homeowners based on an online experimental study. We simulate how various decision-making strategies impact the performance of P2P communities. The findings suggest that community autarky is slightly higher when prosumers are enabled to trade energy compared to when they merely aim to maximize their self-consumption. Our analysis moreover shows that P2P energy trading based on human decision-making may lead to financial benefits for prosumers and traditional consumers, and reduced stress for the grid.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.