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4,157 results for “Survival.”
Reduced water negatively impacts social bee survival and productivity via shifts in floral nutrition
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Functional trait plasticity affects growth but not survival of understory herbs across a resource availability gradient
We investigate the effects of phenotypic plasticity in plant functional traits on the survival and growth of transplanted understory herbs.
Data and R code for Anthropogenic stressors impact fish sensory development and survival via thyroid disruption
<p>The zip document contains all the data and R code used in the manuscript "Anthropogenic stressors impact fish sensory development and survival via thyroid disruption".</p>
Chitoporin from Vibrio cholerae O1: single-channel properties, sugar specificity and role in adaptive survival of the bacteria
<p>Mass identification data for VcChiP from Vibrio cholerae. The data are included in the article under consideration for publication in JBC (Reference number JBC/2020/012921R1).</p>
Fig 1 from: Branson DH (2020) Influence of cold temperature and exposure time on egg overwintering survival in the white-whiskered grasshopper (Orthoptera: Acrididae). Journal of Orthoptera Research 29(1): 63-65. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.29.46967
Fig 1 Proportional survival (mean ± SE) of white-whiskered grasshopper eggs by temperature (-20°C, -25°C, and 4°C control) and exposure time (48, 120, and 240 hours) treatments (8 replicates with 16 egg pods per replicate). No eggs survived in any exposure time treatment at -30°C and -35°C.
Survival curves using Cox proportional hazards model for CLEC4A on TCGA and GSE39582
<p>Survival curves obtained using Cox proportional hazards model on Clec4A in TCGA (READ and COAD) as well as the published data set GSE39582.</p>
Metabolomics dataset for identification of metabolites associated with survival in lung cancer patients under treatment
<p>Non small cell lung cancer patients' serum samples were collected before treatment. The samples were analyzed by metabolomics using high resolution NMR and untargeted lipidomics using high resolution UPLC-MS. The data was used to identify the predictors of overall survival in the patients after they underwent treatment.</p>
Figures 2-3 from: Nunes-Silva A, Lima-Keppe I, Souza RV, Perbiche-Neves G (2020) Survival of the copepod Mesocyclops longisetus during simulations of transport from hatchery to target areas for biological control of mosquito larvae. Zoologia 37: 1-4. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.37.e37658
Figures 2-3 The dots indicate the observations and the surface plot the multiple linear regression models not considering (2) and considering (3) the interaction between explanatory variables. Models: (2) Copepod survivorship = 97.65 - 0.023*transport time - 0.03*copepod density (p-value = 0.015, Adjusted R2 = 0.084); (3) Copepod survivorship = 93.40 + 0.024*transport time + 0.035*copepod density - 0.0008*transport time*copepod density (p-value = > 0.001, Adjusted R2 = 0.20).
Figure 1 from: Nunes-Silva A, Lima-Keppe I, Souza RV, Perbiche-Neves G (2020) Survival of the copepod Mesocyclops longisetus during simulations of transport from hatchery to target areas for biological control of mosquito larvae. Zoologia 37: 1-4. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.37.e37658
Figure 1 The dots represent the observations and the lines the linear regression models for significant correlations. The first row of graphs demonstrates the effect of transport time over copepod survival separately for different loading densities and the second demonstrates the effect of the loading density over the copepod survival, separately for different transport durations. Significant correlations: Density 80 ind.L-1 – Model: Copepod survival = 95.81 - 0.039*transport time (p-value = 0.038, Adjusted R2 = 0.23); Density 120 ind.L-1 – Model: Copepod survival = 97.58 - 0.071*transport time (p-value = > 0.001, Adjusted R2 = 0.57); Transport time 240 min – Model: Copepod survival = 100.97 - 0.186*copepod density (p-value = 0.0003, Adjusted R2 = 0.46).
Data from: Long‐term follow‐up, quality of life and survival of Lambert‐Eaton myasthenic syndrome patients
Objective To study survival and characterize long-term functional impairments as well as health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) patients. Methods In this observational study, survival of LEMS patients, separately for non-tumor (NT) and small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), was compared to the Dutch general population and to patients with SCLC. Disease course in LEMS patients was recorded retrospectively. Several scales for functional impairments and health-related quality of life were assessed. Results We included 150 LEMS patients. Survival was similar to the general population in 65 NT-LEMS patients. Tumor survival was significantly longer in 81 SCLC-LEMS patients compared to non-LEMS SCLC patients (overall median survival 17 vs. 7.0 months, p<0.0001). At diagnosis, 39 patients (62%) of 63 patients with complete follow-up data were independent for ADL activities, improving to 85% at 1-year follow-up. Physical HRQOL composite score (55.9) was significantly lower than in the general population (76.3, p<0.0001) and comparable to myasthenia gravis (60.5) Mental HRQOL composite score was 71.8 in LEMS patients, comparable to the general population (77.9, p=0.19) and myasthenia gravis (70.3). Conclusions This study shows NT-LEMS patients have normal survival. SCLC-LEMS patients have an improved tumor survival, even after correcting for tumor stage. A majority of LEMS patients report a stable disease course and remain or become independent for self-care after treatment.
Survival benefits of group living in a fluctuating environment
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Group living is only predicted to arise when the fitness benefits outweigh the costs of sociality. Group-living species—including cooperatively breeding and family-living birds and mammals—occur most frequently in environments where climatic conditions fluctuate unpredictably from year-to-year. The fitness consequences of group living are thus expected to vary with changing environmental conditions, though few studies have examined this possibility. We examined whether living in large social groups improves adult survivorship in cooperatively breeding superb starlings (<i>Lamprotornis superbus</i>). We also tested the hypothesis that larger groups buffer against harsh conditions by increasing survivorship most under periods of low rainfall. We found that group size was positively correlated with adult survival, but in a sex-specific manner: female survival increased with group size across all environmental conditions, whereas male survival only increased with group size in wet years. Together with previous work in this system, our results suggest that larger groups confer survival benefits by reducing predation, rather than improving access to food or buffering against physiological stress. Although group living does not appear to buffer against harsh conditions in adult starlings living in a fluctuating environment, living in larger groups does confer a survival advantage. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Noise pollution: acute noise exposure increases susceptibility to disease and chronic exposure reduces host survival
<p>Anthropogenic noise is a pervasive global pollutant that has been detected in every major habitat on the planet. Detrimental impacts of noise pollution on physiology, immunology and behaviour have been shown in terrestrial vertebrates and invertebrates. Equivalent research on aquatic organisms has until recently been stunted by the misnomer of a silent underwater world. In fish, however, noise pollution can lead to stress, hearing loss, behavioural changes and impacted immmunity. But, the functional effects of impacted immunity on disease resistance due to noise exposure have remained neglected. Parasites that cause transmissible disease are key drivers of ecosystem biodiversity and a significant factor limiting the sustainable expansion of the animal trade. Therefore, understanding how a pervasive stressor is impacting host-parasite interactions will have far reaching implications for global animal health. </p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Here, we investigated the impact of acute and chronic noise on vertebrate susceptibility to parasitic infections, using a model host-parasite system (guppy-<i>Gyrodactylus turnbulli</i>). Hosts experiencing acute noise suffered significantly increased parasite burden compared to those in no noise treatments. In contrast, fish experiencing chronic noise had the lowest parasite burden. However, these hosts died significantly earlier compared to those exposed to acute and no noise treatments, demonstrating a potential functional trade-off between improved parasite-resistance and shorter life span. By revealing the detrimental impacts of acute and chronic noise on host-parasite interactions, we add to the growing body of evidence demonstrating a link between noise pollution and reduced animal health. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Figure 3 in Does the river blenny Salaria fluviatilis (Asso, 1801) (Actinopterygii: Perciformes) still survive on the Mediterranean island of Cyprus?
Figure 3. Principal components analysis ordination on the abiotic descriptors of 22 Mediterranean islands, including the 10 islands where Salaria fluviatilis is present (P) with black dots. The axes refer to island areal size and distance to mainland; and the numbers refer to the island numbers as in Table 2.
Figure 2 in Does the river blenny Salaria fluviatilis (Asso, 1801) (Actinopterygii: Perciformes) still survive on the Mediterranean island of Cyprus?
Figure 2. Recent photograph of adult male S. fluviatilis specimen deposited in 1909 from Cyprus. Natural History Museum, London, UK.
Weather effects on nestling survival of great tits vary according to the developmental stage
<p class="CxSpFirst">Organisms change breeding investments as a function of the environment, thereby maximizing reproductive success. Climate change studies of avian life-history have long focused on plasticity of laying dates and clutch sizes in response to weather conditions prior to clutch initiation. By contrast, effects of unpredictable weather events occurring after initial reproductive decisions are made have largely been ignored, despite becoming increasingly important with ongoing climate change. We studied the detrimental effects of fluctuations in temperature and precipitation during various nesting phases of great tits (<em>Parus major</em>), identifying the developmental age windows where weather fluctuations affected hatching, nestling mass and fledging success. We used a longitudinal (8-year) dataset of great tits breeding in next boxes in southern Germany and applied a recently introduced explorative approach that does not require a priori assumptions on the time windows (range of ages) over which weather may affect reproductive parameters. Lower temperatures and higher precipitation during the nestling phase negatively affected nestling mass and survival: nestlings between the ages 6-9 days were most susceptible to this form of variation in weather. Effects of weather did not differ between years, i.e., there was no evidence for 'good' versus 'bad' years. Future research should focus on the mechanisms underpinning effects of weather on nestling growth and survival in other populations and consider whether age-dependent weather consequences occur in a wide variety of taxa, as specific developmental stages may serve as weak spots in a scenario of increasing recurrence of weather extremes.</p>
Data from: Decreased precipitation predictability negatively affects population growth through differences in adult survival
Global climate change is leading to decreased climatic predictability. Theoretical work indicates that changes in the climate's intrinsic predictability will affect population dynamics and extinction, but experimental evidence is scarce. Here, we experimentally tested whether differences in intrinsic precipitation predictability affect population dynamics of the European common lizard (Zootoca vivipara) by simulating more (MP) and less predictable (LP) precipitation in 12 semi-natural populations over 3 years and measuring different vital rates. A seasonal age-structured matrix model was parametrized to assess treatment effects on vital rates and asymptotic population growth (λ). There was a non-significant trend for survival being higher in MP than LP precipitation, and no differences existed in reproductive rates. Small non-significant survival differences in adults explained changes in λ and survival differences among age-classes were in line with predictions from cohort resonance. As a result, λ was significantly higher in MP than LP. This experimentally shows that small effects have major consequences on λ, that forecasted decreases in intrinsic precipitation predictability are likely to exacerbate the current rate of population decline and extinction, and that stage-structured matrix models are required to unravel the aftermath of climate change.
Male survival advantage on the Baja California Penninsula
<p>A consistent finding from contemporary Western societies is that women outlive men. However, what is unclear is whether sex differences in survival are constant across varying socio-ecological conditions. We test the universality of the female survival advantage with mortality data from a 19th century population in the Baja California peninsula of Mexico. When examined simply, we find evidence for a male-biased survival advantage. However, results from Cox regression clearly show the importance of age intervals for variable survival patterns by sex. Our key findings are that males: 1) experience significantly lower mortality risk than females during the ages 15-30 (RR = 0.69), 2) are at a significantly increased risk of dying in the 61+ category (RR = 1.30), and 3) do not experience significantly different mortality risk at any other age interval (0-14, 31-45, 46-60). We interpret our results to stem from differing intrinsic and extrinsic risk-factors for sex-biased mortality across age intervals, highlighting the relevance of a lifecourse approach to the study of survival advantage. Ultimately, our results make clear the need to more broadly consider variability in mortality risk factors across time and place to allow for a clearer understanding of human survival differences.</p>
Insights from survival analyses during 12 years of anti-VEGF therapy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration
<p><b>Importance</b>: While multiple imputation models for missing data and use of mixed effects models generally provide better outcome estimates than using only observed data or last observation carried forward in clinical trials, such approaches usually cannot be applied to visual outcomes from retrospective analyses of clinical practice settings, so-called real-world outcomes.</p> <p><b>Objective: </b>To<b> </b>explore potential utility of survival analysis techniques for retrospective clinical practice visual outcomes.</p> <p><b>Design</b>: Retrospective cohort study with 12-year observation period.</p> <p><b>Setting: </b>A tertiary eye center.</p> <p><b>Participants</b>: Of 10,744 eyes with neovascular AMD receiving anti-VEGF therapy between October 2008 and February 2020, 7802 eyes met study criteria (treatment-naïve, first-treated eyes starting anti-VEGF therapy).</p> <p><b>Main outcome measures</b>: Kaplan-Meier estimates and Cox proportional hazards modelling were used to consider: VA reaching ETDRS (Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study) letter score 70 (Snellen equivalent 20/40) or better; duration VA sustained at or better than 70 (20/40); and VA declining to 35 (20/200) or worse.</p> <p><b>Results</b>: The median time to attaining VA letter score ≥ 70 (20/40) was 2.0 years (95% CI 1.87 - 2.32) after the first anti-VEGF injection. Predictive features were baseline VA (HR 1.43 per 5 ETDRS letter score or 1 line [95% CI 1.40 - 1.46]), baseline age (HR 0.88 per 5 years [95% CI 0.86 - 0.90]), and injection number (HR 1.123 [95% CI 1.101 - 1.15]). Of the 56% attaining this outcome, median time sustained at 70 (20/40) or better was 1.1 years (95% CI 1.1 - 1.2).</p> <p><b>Conclusions and relevance</b>: Survival analysis potentially addresses key limitations of retrospective clinical practice (real-world) data by accounting for variable observation time-points and follow-up durations. Modelling with multiple covariates reveals factors that may help inform the likely visual trajectory of an individual. We demonstrate the utility of our proposed analyses by showing that patients with neovascular AMD beginning anti-VEGF therapy are more likely to experience positive visual outcomes within the first 2.9 years, typically maintaining this for 1.1 years, but then deteriorating to poor vision within 8.7 years. We believe that this dataset, combined with our statistical approach for retrospective analyses, may provide long-term prognostic information for patients newly diagnosed with this condition.<a name="_nckpxvmwyi"></a></p>
Greater Sage-grouse nest bowls buffer microclimate in a post-megafire landscape although effects on nest survival are marginal
<p class="Disstext">Temperature at fine spatial scales is an important driver of nest site selection for many avian species during the breeding season and can influence nest success. Sagebrush (<i>Artemisia spp.</i>) communities have areas with high levels of vegetation heterogeneity and high thermal variation; however, fire removes vegetation that provides protection from predators and extreme environmental conditions. To examine the influence of microclimates on Greater Sage-Grouse (<i>Centrocercus urophasianus</i>) nest site selection and nest success in a fire affected landscape, we measured black bulb temperature (<i>T<sub>bb</sub></i>) and vegetation attributes (e.g. visual obstruction) at 3 spatial scales (i.e. nest bowl, microsite, and landscape) in unburned and burned areas. Nest bowls exhibited greater buffering of <i>T<sub>bb</sub></i> than both nearby microsites and the broader landscape. Notably, nest bowls were warmer in cold temperatures, and cooler in hot temperatures, than nearby microsites and the broader landscape, regardless of burn stage. Nest survival (NS) was higher for nests in unburned areas compared to nests in burned areas (unburned NS = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.54; burned NS = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.10 to 0.46). Amount of bare ground was negatively associated with nest survival, but effects diminished as the amount of bare ground reached very low levels. Shrub height and visual obstruction were positively associated with nest survival during the entire study period whereas, minimum <i>T<sub>bb</sub></i> had a weaker effect. Our findings demonstrate that thermoregulatory selection by Greater Sage-Grouse at nest sites had marginal effects on their nest survival. However, given that increases in vegetation structure (e.g. shrub height) provide thermal refuge and increase nest survival, vegetation remnants or regeneration in a post-fire landscape could be critical to Greater Sage-Grouse nesting ecology.</p>
Data from: Improving predictions of tropical tree survival and growth by incorporating measurements of whole leaf allocation
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>1. Individual-level demographic outcomes should be predictable upon the basis of traits. However, linking traits to tree performance has proven challenging likely due to a failure to consider physiological traits (i.e., hard-traits) and the failure to integrate organ-level and whole plant-level trait information. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>2. Here, we modeled the survival rate and relative growth rate of trees while considering crown allocation, hard-traits, and local-scale biotic interactions, and compared these models to more traditional trait-based models of tree performance. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>3. We found that an integrative trait, total tree-level photosynthetic mass (estimated by multiplying specific leaf area and crown area) results in superior models of tree survival and growth. These models had a lower AIC than those including the effect of initial tree size or any other combination of the traits considered. Survival rates were positively related to higher values of crown area and photosynthetic mass, while relative growth rates were negatively related to the photosynthetic mass. Relative growth rates were negatively related to a neighbourhood crowding index. Furthermore, none of the hard-traits used in this study provided an improvement in tree performance models. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>4. <i>Synthesis</i>. Overall, our results highlight that models of tree performance can be greatly improved by including crown area information to generate a better understanding of plant responses to their environment. Additionally, the role of the hard-traits in improving models of tree performance is likely dependent upon the level of stress (e.g. drought stress), micro-environmental conditions, or short-term climatic variations that a particular forest experiences.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
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The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
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