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Figure 8 in Comparative morphology, biology and phylogeny of terminal-instar larvae of the European species of Toryminae (Hym., Chalcidoidea, Torymidae) parasitoids of gall wasps (Hym. Cynipidae)

Figure 8. Terminal-instar larvae of Torymidae (lateral view of the body). A, Adontomerus impolitus. B, Adontomerus crassipes. C, Chalcimerus borceai. D, Glyphomerus tibialis. E, Glyphomerus stigma. F, Idiomacromerus centaureae. G, Idiomacromerus silybi. H, Idiomacromerus papaveris. I, Pseudotorymus papaveris. J, Torymus affinis. K, Torymus auratus. L, Torymus bedeguaris.

Figure 4 in Comparative morphology, biology and phylogeny of terminal-instar larvae of the European species of Toryminae (Hym., Chalcidoidea, Torymidae) parasitoids of gall wasps (Hym. Cynipidae)

Figure 4. Terminal-instar larva of T. cingulatus Nees (anterior view of mouth parts; Mpu) illustrating the terminology used in the text. Letters refer to the following structures: clypeus (cl) with the clypeal setae (cs), the labrum (lb) with setae of labrum (lbs) and the under-lip complex: lbi, labium; ll, latero-medial setae of labium; mp, maxillary palps; ms, maxillary setae; mx, maxillae; pl, postero-medial setae of labium; ul, antero-medial setae of labium.

Figure 6 in Comparative morphology, biology and phylogeny of terminal-instar larvae of the European species of Toryminae (Hym., Chalcidoidea, Torymidae) parasitoids of gall wasps (Hym. Cynipidae)

Figure 6. Terminal-instar larvae of Torymidae (ventral view of the body). A, Adontomerus impolitus. B, Adontomerus crassipes. C, Chalcimerus borceai. D, Glyphomerus tibialis. E, Glyphomerus stigma. F, Idiomacromerus centaureae. G, Idiomacromerus silybi. H, Idiomacromerus papaveris. I, Pseudotorymus papaveris. J, Torymus bedeguaris. K, Torymus affinis. L, Torymus auratus. M, Torymus cingulatus.

Figure 1 in Comparative morphology, biology and phylogeny of terminal-instar larvae of the European species of Toryminae (Hym., Chalcidoidea, Torymidae) parasitoids of gall wasps (Hym. Cynipidae)

Figure 1. Terminal-instar larva of Torymus cyaneus Walker (ventral view) illustrating the terminology used in the text. Letters refer to the following structures: ABS1– ABS9, abdominal segments; ANS, anal segment; THS1– THS3, thoracic segments; vlr, ventrolateral region; vmr, ventromedial region.

Figure 2 in Comparative morphology, biology and phylogeny of terminal-instar larvae of the European species of Toryminae (Hym., Chalcidoidea, Torymidae) parasitoids of gall wasps (Hym. Cynipidae)

Figure 2. Terminal-instar larva of Torymus nobilis Boheman (lateral view) illustrating the terminology used in the text. Letters refer to the following structures: ABS1–ABS10, abdominal segments; ANS, anal segment; THS1–THS3, thoracic segments; adp, anterodorsal protuberances; epc, spiracles. Accordingly, the setae are referred to: dorsal area, D; pleural area, P; ventral area, V.

Figure 7 in Comparative morphology, biology and phylogeny of terminal-instar larvae of the European species of Toryminae (Hym., Chalcidoidea, Torymidae) parasitoids of gall wasps (Hym. Cynipidae)

Figure 7. Terminal-instar larvae of Torymidae (ventral view of the body). A, Torymus chloromerus. B, Torymus cyaneus. C, Torymus geranii. D, Torymus nobilis. E, Torymus notatus. F, Torymus rubi.

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Figure 3. FSP-ITD 342 in Juvenile cranial anatomy of Nimravidae (Mammalia, Carnivora): biological and phylogenetic implications

Figure 3. FSP-ITD 342, cranium. Stereophotographs of the ventral side the right auditory region. Abbreviations: BO, basioccipital; CF, cochlear fenestra; CT, crista tympanica; EC, ectotympanic with anterior and posterior crura; EO, exoccipital; ET, fragment of caudal entotympanic; FO, foramen ovale; GF, glenoid fossa; MP, mastoid process, PLEP, posterolateral extension of the petrosal; PN, petrosal notch separating the main part of the posterolateral extension from the promontorium; POAC, posterior opening of the alisphenoid canal; PP, petrosal promontorium; SQ, squamosal; TH, dorsal fragment of the tympanohyal. Solid circles indicate the area of attachment for brachio- and/or sternocephalicus; the solid triangle indicates the small depression posteromedially to the mastoid.

Figures 53–58 in The suprageneric groups of the Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae): a cladistic re-evaluation and evolutionary biological study

Figures 53–58. Stereoscan photographs of Pimplinae. Figs 53, 54, mesopleuron; 53, Dolichomitus annulicornis; 54, Pimpla azteca. Figs 55–58, propodeum, dorsal; 55, Xanthopimpla aurita; 56, Echthromorpha atrata; 57, Lissopimpla excelsa; 58, Zatypota percontatoria.

Figures 87–90 in The suprageneric groups of the Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae): a cladistic re-evaluation and evolutionary biological study

Figures 87–90. Hind end of mesosoma with hind legs and metasoma dis-articulated; 87, Neotheronia mellosa; 88, Pimpla sumichrasti; 89, Scambus annulatus; 90, Dolichomitus annuicornis.

Figures 41–46 in The suprageneric groups of the Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae): a cladistic re-evaluation and evolutionary biological study

Figures 41–46. Stereoscan photographs of Pimplinae. Fig. 41, Sinarachna pallipes, head, posterior. Fig. 42, Dreisbachia avivae, mandible. Figs 43–46, Head, lateral; 43, Dolichomitus irritator, 44, Zaglyptus simonis; 45, Echthromorpha atrata; 46, Hymenoepimecis bicolor.

Figures 71–76 in The suprageneric groups of the Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae): a cladistic re-evaluation and evolutionary biological study

Figures 71–76. Stereoscan photographs of Pimplinae. Figs 71, 72, tergites II—IV, dorsal; 71, Polysphincta tuberosa; 72, Zatypota petronae. Figs 73–75, apex of ovipositor; 73, Liotryphon crassiseta; 74, Endromopoda detrita; 75, Dolichomitus imperator. Fig. 76, Zatypota petronae, ovipositor entire.

Figures 23–28 in The suprageneric groups of the Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae): a cladistic re-evaluation and evolutionary biological study

Figures 23–28. Stereoscan photographs of Pimplinae, head, anterior; 23, Ephialtes manifestator; 24, Paraperithous gnathaulax; 25, Xanthephialtes oculatus; 26, Schizopyga frigida; 27, Theronia melanocera ♀; 28, Theronia melanocera ♂.

Figures 47–52 in The suprageneric groups of the Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae): a cladistic re-evaluation and evolutionary biological study

Figures 47–52. Stereoscan photographs of Pimplinae, pronotum, lateral; 47, Dolichomitus irritator; 48, Pimpla azteca; 49, Schizopyga frigida; 50, Clistopyga calixtoi; 51, Hymenoepimecis bicolor; 52, Acrodactyla degener.

Figure 22 in The suprageneric groups of the Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae): a cladistic re-evaluation and evolutionary biological study

Figure 22. Cladogram resulting from secondary analysis: section 9 (of 9), the Polysphincta genus-complex. Although there are some similarities in topology with the primary analysis (Figs 11–13) – such as the basal position of Piogaster and the composition of two more derived clades – all genera are apparently monophyletic.

Figures 29–34 in The suprageneric groups of the Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae): a cladistic re-evaluation and evolutionary biological study

Figures 29–34. Stereoscan photographs of Pimplinae. Figs 29–32,head, anterior; 29, Acropimpla didyma; 30, Sericopimpla australis; 31, Dolichomitus irritator ♂; 32, Xanthopimpla aurita; Figs 33, 34, base of antennae; 33, Pimpla azteca; 34, Acrodactyla degener.

Figures 94–97 in The suprageneric groups of the Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae): a cladistic re-evaluation and evolutionary biological study

Figures 94–97. Posterior end of metasoma of female, showing position and shape of tergites VII−IX and associated apodemes, slightly diagrammatic; 94, Pimpla sumichrasti; 95, Neotheronia mellosa; 96, Scambus brevicornis; 97, Acrotaphus tibialis. Note the great enlargement of the apodeme on tergite VIII in Pimpla.

Figures 35–40 in The suprageneric groups of the Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae): a cladistic re-evaluation and evolutionary biological study

Figures 35–40. Stereoscan photographs of Pimplinae, head, posterior; 35, Dolichomitus annulicornis; 36, Pseudopimpla pygidiator; 37, Camptotypus stigmaticus; 38, Dreisbachia avivae; 39, Eruga yehi; 40, Schizopyga frigida.

Figure 20 in The suprageneric groups of the Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae): a cladistic re-evaluation and evolutionary biological study

Figure 20. Cladogram resulting from secondary analysis: section 7 (of 9), the Ephialtes genus-group. The topology of this cladogram broadly resembles that of the primary analysis, but note that Dolichomitus is apparently monophyletic. The results support the primary analysis in that Endromopoda (excluding Fredegunda) and Holcopimpla are not demonstrably monophyletic.

Figure 17 in The suprageneric groups of the Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae): a cladistic re-evaluation and evolutionary biological study

Figure 17. Cladogram resulting from secondary analysis: section 4 (of 9), the interrelationships of Xanthopimpla, Lissopimpla and Echthromorpha.

Figures 77–82 in The suprageneric groups of the Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae): a cladistic re-evaluation and evolutionary biological study

Figures 77–82. Stereoscan photographs of Pimplinae. Fig. 77, Polysphincta tuberosa, ovipositor entire. Figs 78–82, apex of metasoma, ♂, lateroventral; 78, Scambus buolianae; 79, Delomerista laevifrons; 80, Perithous scurra, 81, Xanthopimpla aurita; 82, Pimpla caeruleata.