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3,905 results for “eye”
Linked collectors and determiners for: Taxonomic revision of the New World big-eyed minute litter bug genus Ommatides Uhler (Hemiptera: Schizopteridae).
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Taxonomic revision of the New World big-eyed minute litter bug genus Ommatides Uhler (Hemiptera: Schizopteridae)". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/78e35da3-442f-48a2-801a-034286ac2c69">https://bionomia.net/dataset/78e35da3-442f-48a2-801a-034286ac2c69</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/78e35da3-442f-48a2-801a-034286ac2c69">https://gbif.org/dataset/78e35da3-442f-48a2-801a-034286ac2c69</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Data from: Predation selects for smaller eye size in a vertebrate: effects of environmental conditions and sex
Increased eye size in animals results in a larger retinal image and thus improves visual acuity. Thus, larger eyes should aid both in finding food as well as detecting predators. On the other hand, eyes are usually very conspicuous and several studies have suggested that eye size is associated with predation risk. However, experimental evidence is scanty. In this study, we address how predation affects variation in eye size by performing two experiments using Eurasian perch juveniles as prey and either larger individuals or pike as predators. First, we used large outdoor tanks to compare selection due to predators on relative eye size in open and artificial vegetated habitats. Second, we studied the effects of both predation risk and resource levels on phenotypic plasticity in relative eye size in indoor aquaria experiments. In the first experiment, we found that habitat altered selection due to predators, since predators selected for smaller eye size in a non-vegetated habitat, but not in vegetated habitat. In the plasticity experiment, we found that fish predators induced smaller eye size in males, but not in females, while resource levels had no effect on eye size plasticity. Our experiments provide evidence that predation risk could be one of the driving factors behind variation in eye size within species.
Data from: An extensive dataset of eye movements during viewing of complex images
We present a dataset of free-viewing eye-movement recordings that contains more than 2.7 million fixation locations from 949 observers on more than 1000 images from different categories. This dataset aggregates and harmonizes data from 23 different studies conducted at the Institute of Cognitive Science at Osnabrück University and the University Medical Center in Hamburg-Eppendorf. Trained personnel recorded all studies under standard conditions with homogeneous equipment and parameter settings. All studies allowed for free eye-movements, and differed in the age range of participants (~7-80 years), stimulus sizes, stimulus modifications (phase scrambled, spatial filtering, mirrored), and stimuli categories (natural and urban scenes, web sites, fractal, pink-noise, and ambiguous artistic figures). The size and variability of viewing behavior within this dataset presents a strong opportunity for evaluating and comparing computational models of overt attention, and furthermore, for thoroughly quantifying strategies of viewing behavior. This also makes the dataset a good starting point for investigating whether viewing strategies change in patient groups.
Knowledge and awareness of Covid-19 in eye care
<p><span><b>Background:</b> Nepal is currently under a lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic. There are concerns regarding misinformation circulating on social media. This study aimed to analyse the knowledge and awareness of COVID-19 amongst eye care professionals in Nepal. </span></p> <p><span><b>Methodology</b>: We invited 600 participants from 12 ophthalmic centres across Nepal to complete a qualitative, anonymous online survey. Altogether, 25 questions (both open and closed-ended) were used. An overall performance score was calculated from the average of the 12 Knowledge questions for all the participants.</span></p> <p><span><b>Results: </b>Of the 600 eye care professionals invited, 310 (51%) participated in the survey. The symptoms of COVID-19 were known to 94%, whilst only 49% of the participants were aware how the disease was transmitted, with 54% aware that anyone can be infected with <span>SARS-CoV-2</span>. Almost 98% of participants recognized the World Health Organization's (WHO) awareness message, but surprisingly, 41% of participants felt that consumption of hot drinks helps to destroy the virus, in contradiction to WHO information. Importantly, 95% of the participants were aware of personal protective equipment (PPE) and what the acronym stands for. Social distancing was felt to be key to limiting the disease spread; whilst 41% disagreed that PPE should be mandatory for eye care practitioners.</span></p> <p><span><b>Conclusion: </b>There is still considerable scope to improve the knowledge of COVID-19 amongst ophthalmic professionals in Nepal. Opinion is also split on measures to prevent transmission, with misinformation potentially fuelling confusion. It is recommended to follow WHO and national guidelines, whilst seeking published scientific evidence behind any unofficial statements, to accurately inform one's clinical practice.</span></p>
Figure 6 in Functional morphology and light-gathering ability of podocopid ostracod eyes and the palaeontological implications
Figure 6. The estimated values of light-gathering abilities from measurements in 29 Recent podocopid ostracod species plotted on E1–R1 morphospace with the calculated value of G at R2 = 0.5 and E1 = 0.5.
Lens fluorescence and skin fluorescence in the Copenhagen Twin Cohort Eye Study: Covariates and heritability
<p>Lens and skin fluorescence are related to the systemic accumulation of advanced glycation end products, which is accelerated in diabetes. We have examined lens fluorescence and skin fluorescence in healthy adult twins. The study enrolled twins aged median 59 years from a national population-based registry. Diabetic individuals were excluded from analysis. The interrelatedness between fluorescence parameters and relations between fluorescence and age, current HbA<sub>1c</sub> and smoking pack years were examined using correlation tests and mixed model linear regression analyses. Broad-sense heritability was analyzed and compared for lens fluorescence, skin fluorescence and HbA<sub>1c</sub>. Lens fluorescence and skin fluorescence were crudely interrelated (R = 0.38). In linear regression analyses, age explained a larger fraction of the variance in lens fluorescence (R<sup>2</sup> = 32 %) than in skin fluorescence (R<sup>2</sup> = 20 %), whereas HbA<sub>1c</sub> explained smaller variance fractions (R<sup>2</sup> = 3 % and 8 %, respectively) followed by smoking pack years (4 % and 3 %, respectively). In multivariate analyses, age, HbA<sub>1c</sub> and smoking pack years combined explained more of the variance in lens fluorescence (R<sup>2</sup> = 35 %) than in skin fluorescence (R<sup>2</sup> = 21 %), but the influence of HbA<sub>1c</sub> on lens fluorescence was not statistically significant (p = .2). Age-adjusted broad-sense heritability was 85 % for lens fluorescence, 53 % for skin fluorescence and 71 % for HbA<sub>1c </sub>in best fitting heritability models. Both fluorescence parameters increased with age, current glycemia and cumulative smoking. Lens fluorescence was found to be a predominantly heritable trait, whereas skin fluorescence was more influenced by environmental factors and closer related to current glycemia. The results suggest that skin fluorophores have a faster turn-over than lens fluorophores.</p>
Novel associations of BST1 and LAMP3 with rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder: supplementary data
<p><b>Objective:</b> To examine the role of genes identified through genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of Parkinson disease (PD) in the risk of isolated rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (iRBD).</p> <p><b>Methods:</b> We fully sequenced 25 genes previously identified in GWASs of PD, in a total of 1,039 iRBD patients and 1,852 controls. The role of rare heterozygous variants in these genes was examined using burden tests. The contribution of biallelic variants was further tested. To examine the potential impact of rare nonsynonymous <i>BST1</i> variants on the protein structure, we performed <i>in silico</i> structural analysis. Finally, we examined the association of common variants using logistic regression adjusted for age and sex.</p> <p><b>Results:</b> We found an association between rare heterozygous nonsynonymous variants in <i>BST1</i> and iRBD (<i>p</i>=0.0003 at coverage >50X and 0.0004 at >30X), mainly driven by three nonsynonymous variants (p.V85M, p.I101V and p.V272M) found in 22 (1.2%) controls vs. two (0.2%) patients. All three variants seem to be loss-of-function variants with a potential effect on the protein structure and stability. Rare non-coding heterozygous variants in <i>LAMP3</i> were also associated with iRBD (<i>p</i>=0.0006 at >30X). We found no association between rare heterozygous variants in the rest of genes and iRBD. Several carriers of biallelic variants were identified, yet there was no overrepresentation in iRBD.</p> <p><b>Conclusion:</b> Our results suggest that rare coding variants in <i>BST1 </i>and rare non-coding variants in<i> LAMP3 </i>are associated with iRBD. Additional studies are required to replicate these results and examine whether loss-of-function of <i>BST1 </i>could be a therapeutic target.</p>
FIGURE 30. S. umesaoi Yosii, 1940 in Contribution to study of eyed species of Sinella (Collembola: Entomobryidae), with a key to this group of species from China
FIGURE 30. S. umesaoi Yosii, 1940: colour pattern (lateral view).
Figure 1 from: Talarico F, Brandmayr P, Giglio A, Massolo A, Zetto Brandmayr T (2011) Morphometry of eyes, antennae and wings in three species of Siagona (Coleoptera, Carabidae). ZooKeys 100: 203-214. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.100.1528
Figure 1 - Measured traits between sexes in the three species: A weighted trochanter length (mm) in Siagona dejeani B head width (mm) in Siagona europaea C weighted trochanter length (mm) in Siagona jenissoni.
Figure 3 from: Talarico F, Brandmayr P, Giglio A, Massolo A, Zetto Brandmayr T (2011) Morphometry of eyes, antennae and wings in three species of Siagona (Coleoptera, Carabidae). ZooKeys 100: 203-214. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.100.1528
Figure 3 - Ommatidial index versus body length in the three Bauer-Kredler groups of carabids and comparison with European species of Siagona (this study). Y-axis: mean number of ommatidia per body length in mm. In order of decreasing ommatidial index, Group 1: Cicindela campestris, Cicindela hybrida, Elaphrus cupreus, Elaphrus riparius, Elaphrus ullrichi, Elaphrus aureus, Notiophilus biguttatus, Asaphidion flavipes, Asaphidion pallipes, Asaphidion caraboides, Bembidion quadrimaculatum. Group 2: Carabus granulatus, Agonum sexpunctatum, Poecilus cupreus, Poecilus versicolor, Carabus auratus. Group 3: Carabus problematicus, Carabus lefebvrei, Carabus coriaceus, Leistus rufomarginatus, Nebria brevicollis, Pterostichus nigrita, Carabus preslii, Abax parallelepipedus, Patrobus atrorufus, Pterostichus burmeisteri, Trechus alpicola.
Figure 2 from: Talarico F, Brandmayr P, Giglio A, Massolo A, Zetto Brandmayr T (2011) Morphometry of eyes, antennae and wings in three species of Siagona (Coleoptera, Carabidae). ZooKeys 100: 203-214. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.100.1528
Figure 2 - Measured traits: A ommatidia density (N/mm2) B weighted ommatidia number C weighted antenna length.
Figure 9 from: Robbins R, Glassberg J (2013) A butterfly with olive green eyes discovered in the United States and the Neotropics (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, Eumaeini). ZooKeys 305: 1-20. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.305.5081
Figure 9 - Male dorsal forewing scent patch showing dark brown wing scales covering tan-colored androconia.
Figure 7 from: Robbins R, Glassberg J (2013) A butterfly with olive green eyes discovered in the United States and the Neotropics (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, Eumaeini). ZooKeys 305: 1-20. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.305.5081
Figure 7 - Bursa copulatrix of the female genitalia of Ministrymon janevicroy (left, Venezuela) and Ministrymon azia (Mexico) in dorso-lateral aspect, posterior of butterfly at top. Arrow on left points to the membranous "neck" of the anterior ductus bursae. Arrow on right points to the well-formed posterior pouch from which the ductus seminalis arises. Scale 1 mm.
Figure 6 from: Robbins R, Glassberg J (2013) A butterfly with olive green eyes discovered in the United States and the Neotropics (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, Eumaeini). ZooKeys 305: 1-20. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.305.5081
Figure 6 - Male genitalia of Ministrymon janevicroy (top) and Ministrymon azia, posterior of butterfly at right, both from Yucatan, Mexico. Ventral aspect with penis removed (top left), lateral aspect with penis removed (left middle), lateral aspect of penis (bottom), penis tip in ventral aspect (right middle), and dorsal aspect of tegumen (top right). Scale 1 mm.
Figure 5 from: Robbins R, Glassberg J (2013) A butterfly with olive green eyes discovered in the United States and the Neotropics (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, Eumaeini). ZooKeys 305: 1-20. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.305.5081
Figure 5 - SEM of Ministrymon azia penis tip showing small erect teeth in lateral (top) and ventral aspect.
Figure 3 from: Robbins R, Glassberg J (2013) A butterfly with olive green eyes discovered in the United States and the Neotropics (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, Eumaeini). ZooKeys 305: 1-20. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.305.5081
Figure 3 - Male holotype (top) and female paratype of Ministrymon janevicroy. Eye color in the male appears to have darkened more post mortem than that of the female.
Figure 2 from: Robbins R, Glassberg J (2013) A butterfly with olive green eyes discovered in the United States and the Neotropics (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, Eumaeini). ZooKeys 305: 1-20. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.305.5081
Figure 2 - Ministrymon janevicroy (left, close-up on bottom) with variegated "pebbly-textured" ground color and Ministrymon azia (right) with "smooth-textured" gray appearance. Both specimens from Managua, Nicaragua.
Figure 1 from: Robbins R, Glassberg J (2013) A butterfly with olive green eyes discovered in the United States and the Neotropics (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, Eumaeini). ZooKeys 305: 1-20. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.305.5081
Figure 1 - Olive green eyes of Ministrymon janevicroy (left, Orizaba, Veracruz, Mexico) and the dark brown/black eyes of Ministrymon azia (Chavarrillo, Veracruz, Mexico).
Figure 8 from: Robbins R, Glassberg J (2013) A butterfly with olive green eyes discovered in the United States and the Neotropics (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, Eumaeini). ZooKeys 305: 1-20. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.305.5081
Figure 8 - Male (left, Yucatan, Mexico) and female (Santa Tecla, El Salvador) venation of Ministrymon janevicroy.
Figure 2 from: Miyazaki Y, Teramura A, Senou H (2016) Biodiversity data mining from Argus-eyed citizens: the first illegal introduction record of Lepomis macrochirus macrochirus Rafinesque, 1819 in Japan based on Twitter information. ZooKeys 569: 123-133. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.569.7577
Figure 2 - Photographs of Lepomis macrochirus macrochirus collected from the outdoor pool of Chigasaki Park, Yokohama City, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan on 14 June 2015. A voucher specimen, juvenile, KPM-NI 38654 (photo: KPM-NR 164120 by AT), 22.6 mm SL B voucher specimen, juvenile (right side), KPM-NR 108928 by YM (the same individual as KPM-NI 38654) C adult specimens, photograph, KPM-NR 164118 by AT.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.